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Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo Canton, East Sarajevo and nearby municipalities is home to 555,210 inhabitants. Located within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of the Balkans, a region of Southeastern Europe.
Sarajevo is a city now in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Stari Grad is a municipality of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the oldest and most historically significant part of Sarajevo. At its heart is the Baščaršija, the old town market sector where the city was founded by Ottoman general Isa-Beg Ishaković in the 15th century.
Sultanzade Gazi Husrev-beg was an Ottoman Bosnian sanjak-bey (governor) of the Sanjak of Bosnia in 1521–1525, 1526–1534, and 1536–1541. He was known for his successful conquests and campaigns to further Ottoman expansion into Croatia and Hungary. However, his most important legacy was major contribution to the improvement of the structural development of Sarajevo and its urban area. He ordered and financed construction of many important buildings there, and with his will bequeathed all his wealth into endowment for the construction and long-term support of religious and educational facilities and institutions, such as the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, and the Gazi Husrev-begova Medresa complex with a Gazi Husrev-beg Library, also known as Kuršumlija.
Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque is a mosque in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built in the 16th century, it is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most representative Ottoman structures in the Balkans. Having been Sarajevo's central mosque since the days of its construction, today it also serves as the main congregational mosque of the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Baščaršija neighborhood in the Stari Grad municipality and, being one of the main architectural monuments in the town, is regularly visited by tourists.
The Culture of Sarajevo is represented in various ways.
A bedesten is a type of covered market or market hall which was historically found in the cities of the Ottoman Empire. It was typically the central building of the commercial district of an Ottoman town or city, where the most important and precious goods were kept and sold. Its function was comparable or equivalent to that of a qaysariyya in other regions, though the architecture of the latter could be different and be similar to that of a bazaar with its own streets.
Türbe refers to a Muslim mausoleum, tomb or grave often in the Turkish-speaking areas and for the mausolea of Ottoman sultans, nobles and notables. A typical türbe is located in the grounds of a mosque or complex, often endowed by the deceased. However, some are more closely integrated into surrounding buildings.
Baščaršija is Sarajevo's old bazaar and the historical and cultural center of the city. Baščaršija was built in the 15th century when Isa-Beg Ishaković founded the city.
The University of Sarajevo is a public university located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest and oldest university in the country, tracing its initial origins to 1537 as an Islamic madrasa.
Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a fast-growing sector making up an important part in the economy of the country.
Sanjak of Bosnia was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire established in 1463 when the lands conquered from the Bosnian Kingdom were transformed into a sanjak and Isa-Beg Isaković was appointed its first sanjakbey. In the period between 1463 and 1580 it was part of the Rumelia Eyalet. After the Bosnia Eyalet was established in 1580 the Bosnian Sanjak became its central province. Between 1864 and the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia in 1878 it was part of the Bosnia Vilayet that succeeded the Eyalet of Bosnia following administrative reforms in 1864 known as the "Vilayet Law". Although Bosnia Vilayet was officially still part of the Ottoman Empire until 1908 the Bosnian Sanjak de facto ceased to exist in 1878; when it was occupied by Austria-Hungary.
Mustafa-beg Fadilpašić was the first Mayor of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was appointed mayor in 1878 after more than 14,000 Austro-Hungarian troops, led by Josip Filipović, captured Bosnia and Herzegovina from the declining Ottoman Empire. He remained the mayor for the last 14 years of his life.
The Gazi-Husrev-beg Library is a public library in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina founded in 1537 by the sanjakbey of Bosnia Gazi Husrev-beg during Ottoman rule, it is a part of the larger complex with the Gazi Husrev-beg Medresa. It holds one of the most important collections of Islamic manuscripts in Bosnia-Herzegovina, including many originally donated by Gazi Husrev-beg. The collection survived through Bosnian war and Siege of Sarajevo. The library also holds a sizable number of books, journals, newspapers, documents and photographs.
The Vilayet Printing House, originally named Sopron's Printing House, was the official printing house of the Ottoman Vilayet of Bosnia from April 1866 until the occupation of the province by Austria-Hungary in August 1878. It was the second printing house that operated in the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, founded in Sarajevo almost 350 years after the Goražde printing house ceased its activity. Its founder was Ignjat Sopron, a publisher and printer from Zemun, who sold the establishment to the Government of the Vilayet of Bosnia in October 1866. Its foundation happened in the context of modernising and Europeanising Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire. Its principal aim was to issue an official gazette of the vilayet and publish textbooks for the elementary schools of Bosnian Serbs and Croats, thus stopping their import from the Principality of Serbia and the Austrian Empire.
Hüsrev is a Turkish given name derived from the Persian name "Khusraw", having the same meaning.
Sheikh Mustafa Gaibi or Gaibija was a 17th-century dervish from Ottoman Bosnia whose mausoleum (turbe) at Stara Gradiška in Slavonia, in present-day Croatia, became a prominent site of ritual visitation by Muslims. He was regarded as a prophet by some Catholics. He wrote in Ottoman Turkish a discourse on the rules of the Jelveti Sufi order, to which he belonged. He also wrote letters in which he criticized various kinds of wrongdoing that he regarded as widespread in the Ottoman Empire. His letters contain mystical-looking expressions that are difficult to understand. He is reputed to have predicted the defeat of Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 and the subsequent loss of their territories north of the river Sava. According to a local Catholic source, an Ottoman soldier killed Gaibi in Stara Gradiška, at the left bank of the Sava, after he refused to escape with other Muslims across the river before the advancing Habsburg army; they captured Stara Gradiška in 1688. In 1954, his turbe was transferred across the Sava, to the town of Gradiška in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Aladža Mosque, also known as Šarena džamija, "Colorful Mosque", is an Ottoman era mosque that was built in 1549 and located in Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is considered one of the most beautiful and important examples of Ottoman architecture in Europe, and is one of the most important Ottoman era mosques in all of Bosnia and Herzegovina; along with the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque in Sarajevo and the Ferhadija Mosque in Banja Luka. It was completely destroyed with pre-planted explovises at the beginning of the Bosnian War in 1992 by the VRS, and levelled to the ground; along with the left over stones and rubble from the mosque being hidden all over Foča to prevent its reconstruction. After many years of searching for the stones once the Bosniak refugees of Foča began to return, and sourcing the funds necessary for the reconstruction of the mosque, its reconstruction was started in 2016, and completed in 2018.
Gazi Husrev-beg's bezistan is one of the preserved bezistan in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the Ottoman period in the history of the country. Built in 1555 in Baščaršija, bezistan still serves its purpose - trade.
The sack of Sarajevo took place on 23 October 1697 and was committed by raiding Austrian troops led by Prince Eugene of Savoy. At this time the Great Turkish War was being fought. Shortly after the Austrian victory at the Battle of Zenta, an opportunity arose for the Austrians to launch a surprise attack into Ottoman Bosnia.
References
- 1 2 3 Dzirolo 1996.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Popovic 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Britannica 1910.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Bosnia and Herzegovina". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780195309911.
- ↑ ArchNet.org. "Sarajevo". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- 1 2 3 "Movie Theaters in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ↑ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
- 1 2 "Sarajevo", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 1008, OL 5812502M
- ↑ "Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center . Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
- 1 2 3 Christopher Markiewicz; Nir Shafir (eds.). "Hazine: a Guide to Researching the Middle East and Beyond" . Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ↑ "Quake Shakes Sarajevo; 7 in Yugoslav City Hurt", New York Times, 12 June 1962
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Riedlmayer, András (July 1995). "Erasing the Past: The Destruction of Libraries and Archives in Bosnia - Herzegovina" (PDF). Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 29. Middle East Studies Association of North America: 7–11. doi:10.1017/S0026318400030418. S2CID 164940150 . Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ↑ "Members". Global Investigative Journalism Network. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ↑ Markowitz 2007.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Serbian Wikipedia.
