UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase

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UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase
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UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase tetramer, Enterobacter cloacae
Identifiers
EC no. 2.5.1.7
CAS no. 9023-27-2
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In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.7) is an enzyme [1] that catalyzes the first committed step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria:

Contents

phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphoenolpyruvate and UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, whereas its two products are phosphate and UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine. The pyruvate moiety provides the linker that bridges the glycan and peptide portion of peptidoglycan. [2]

The enzyme is inhibited by the antibiotic fosfomycin, which covalently modifies an active site cysteine residue. [3]

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase. [4] This enzyme participates in amino sugars metabolism and glycan biosynthesis.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 10 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1A2N, 1DLG, 1EJC, 1EJD, 1EYN, 1NAW, 1Q3G, 1RYW, 1UAE, and 1YBG.

Related Research Articles

Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is an oligopeptide chain made of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer. Peptidoglycan serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. This repetitive linking results in a dense peptidoglycan layer which is critical for maintaining cell form and withstanding high osmotic pressures, and it is regularly replaced by peptidoglycan production. Peptidoglycan hydrolysis and synthesis are two processes that must occur in order for cells to grow and multiply, a technique carried out in three stages: clipping of current material, insertion of new material, and re-crosslinking of existing material to new material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase</span> Class of enzymes

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.98) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Uridine diphosphate <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine Chemical compound

Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. To be specific, glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose 6-phosphate and glutamine as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. The end-product of this pathway is UDP-GlcNAc, which is then used for making glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase</span> Class of enzymes

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase</span> Class of enzymes

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramate—L-alanine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine—D-glutamate ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase</span>

In enzymology, glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the primary amine in glucosamide-6-phosphate, generating a free CoA and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">N-acetylneuraminate synthase</span> Class of enzymes

In enzymology, a N-acetylneuraminate synthase (EC 2.5.1.56) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, an UDP-galactose—UDP-N-acetylglucosamine galactose phosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase</span> Class of enzymes

In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine:ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

References

  1. ↑ "Enolpyruvate transferase, EPT family" . Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  2. ↑ Brown ED, Vivas EI, Walsh CT, Kolter R (July 1995). "MurA (MurZ), the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, is essential in Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 177 (14): 4194–7. doi:10.1128/jb.177.14.4194-4197.1995. PMC   177162 . PMID   7608103.
  3. ↑ King, Michael B. (2005). Lange Q & A . New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. pp.  298. ISBN   0-07-144578-1.
  4. ↑ Other names in common use include MurA transferase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enoylpyruvyltransferase, enoylpyruvate transferase, phosphoenolpyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-enoyl-1-carboxyethyltransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose 3-enolpyruvyltransferase, phosphopyruvate-uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyruvatetransferase, pyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine transferase, pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase, pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase, and pyruvic-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase.

Literature


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