| UN Security Council Resolution 871 | |
|---|---|
 Former Yugoslavia:
| |
| Date | 4 October 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,286 |
| Code | S/RES/871 (Document) |
| Subject | Former Yugoslavia |
Voting summary | 15 voted for None voted against None abstained |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
Permanent members | |
Non-permanent members | |
United Nations Security Council resolution 871, adopted unanimously on 4 October 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1992) and 743 (1992) and subsequent resolutions relating to the situation in the former Yugoslavia and United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Council expressed concern that United Nations peacekeeping plan for Croatia, in particular Resolution 769 (1992), had not been implemented and went on to discuss the peace plan and extend UNPROFOR's mandate until 31 March 1994. [1]
United Nations Security Council resolution 713, adopted unanimously on 25 September 1991, after receiving representations from a number of Member States and commending the efforts of the European Community in the region, the Council decided to impose, under Chapter VII, an arms embargo on the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in light of the outbreak of fighting in the country. Resolution 713 was the first resolution that concerned the breakup of Yugoslavia.
United Nations Security Council resolution 743, adopted unanimously on 21 February 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1991), 721 (1991), 724 (1991), 727 (1992) and 740 (1992), and considering that the situation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia constitutes a threat to international peace and stability, the Council established a peacekeeping mission in the country, known as the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with the aim of reaching a peaceful political settlement in the region.
The United Nations Protection Force, was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars. The force was formed in February 1992 and its mandate ended in March 1995, with the peacekeeping mission restructuring into three other forces.
Contents
The Council reiterated its determination to ensure the security and safety of UNPROFOR and its freedom of movement in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council adopted the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali's recommendation to establish three subordinate commands within UNPROFOR: [2]
Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country, and to leave the country and return to it. The right includes not only visiting places, but changing the place where the individual resides or works.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbreviated BiH or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe, located within the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city.
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".
- (a) UNPROFOR (Croatia);
- (b) UNPROFOR (Bosnia and Herzegovina);
- (c) UNPROFOR (Macedonia).
The importance of the peace plan for Croatia was stressed, declaring that non-compliance with Security Council resolutions would have serious consequences. Military attacks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were condemned. It also called for a ceasefire between Croatia and the Serbian authorities in the United Nations Protected Areas mediated by the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia. The Council stated it was important that confidence was built up by the restoration of electricity and water supplies, and the reopening of restore rail and highways.
A ceasefire, also spelled cease fire, is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces.
Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. It borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia's population numbers approximately seven million. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the longest inhabited and largest citiеs in southeastern Europe.
The resolution went on to authorise the use of force by UNPROFOR acting in self-defense to ensure its security and freedom of movement, deciding to review the extension of close air support to the peacekeeping force. [3] The Secretary-General was requested to report back to the Security Council within two months on progress in implementing the United Nations peace plan for Croatia and the implementation of the mandate of UNPROFOR.
Self-defense is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
Peacekeeping comprises activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths and reduces the risk of renewed warfare.
