United Nations Security Council Resolution 825

Last updated

UN Security Council
Resolution 825
North Korea nuclear.svg
North Korea and nuclear weapons
Date11 May 1993
Meeting no.3,212
CodeS/RES/825 (Document)
SubjectNon-proliferation
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Voting summary
  • 13 voted for
  • None voted against
  • 2 abstained
ResultAdopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members
Non-permanent members
←  824 Lists of resolutions 826  →

United Nations Security Council resolution 825, adopted on 11 May 1993, called upon the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the DPRK, or North Korea) to reconsider its decision to withdraw from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and allow weapons inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) into the country, after it had previously refused entry. [1]

Contents

Background

On 30 January 1992, North Korea officially signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in a "full scope safeguards agreement" after originally acceding to it in 1985, [2] which allowed inspections to begin in June 1992; however, meetings failed to establish a bilateral inspection regime. [3] The IAEA was not satisfied that North Korea had fully disclosed its plutonium production and requested access to certain facilities. [2] Due to lack of progress in the negotiations, and the DPRK's refusal to allow inspection of two suspected nuclear waste sites, North Korea notified the IAEA on 12 March 1993 concerning its intention to withdraw from the Non-Proliferation Treaty. [3] The Board of Governors at the IAEA later notified the Security Council that North Korea was not in compliance with its obligations under the Joint Agreement between the DPRK and the IAEA. [4]

Provisions

The resolution passed with 13 votes, none against and two abstentions from the People's Republic of China and Pakistan, [5] which both called for North Korea to return to the NPT. [6] The Security Council noted with concern the intentions of the DPRK and reaffirmed the "crucial contribution which progress in non-proliferation can make to the maintenance of international peace and security" and called on the North Korean government to be committed and honour its obligations under the Treaty. [7] The resolution also required the Director-General of the IAEA to consult with the DPRK to find a solution and report back in due course. [8] At the insistence of the People's Republic of China, which abstained, the resolution did not make reference to any sanctions if North Korea failed to comply with the Security Council. [1]

Aftermath

North Korea accused the IAEA of "liquidating her socialism" [9] and conducted further missile tests on 29–30 May 1993, firing Rodong-1 ballistic missiles into the Sea of Japan. After direct negotiations with the United States, North Korea revoked its earlier decision to withdraw from the NPT in June 1993 and weapons inspections resumed, though not under the full terms of access under the original Joint Agreement. [4] In October 1994, the ongoing negotiations resulted in the Agreed Framework in which the DPRK agreed to the original 1992 IAEA safeguards and to freeze and dismantle its nuclear reactors and other facilities under the supervision of the IAEA in exchange for light water reactors. [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</span> 1996 treaty banning all nuclear weapons testing

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996, but has not entered into force, as eight specific nations have not ratified the treaty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</span> International treaty to prevent spread of nuclear weapons

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Between 1965 and 1968, the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament, a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear proliferation</span> Spread of nuclear weapons

Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, as governments fear that more countries with nuclear weapons will increase the possibility of nuclear warfare, de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of nation states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agreed Framework</span> 1994 nuclear agreement between the United States and North Korea

The Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (북미제네바기본합의서) was signed on 21 October 1994, between North Korea (DPRK) and the United States. The objective of the agreement was the freezing and replacement of North Korea's indigenous nuclear power plant program with more nuclear proliferation resistant light water reactor power plants, and the step-by-step normalization of relations between the U.S. and the DPRK. Implementation of the agreement was troubled from the start, but its key elements were being implemented until it effectively broke down in 2003.

The nuclear program of Iran is an ongoing scientific effort by Iran to research nuclear technology. Iran has several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2006

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695, adopted unanimously on July 15, 2006, after recalling resolutions 825 (1993) and 1540 (2004) concerning North Korea and the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction respectively, the Council banned the selling of material that would further the ability of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to bolster its ballistic missiles programme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718</span> 2006 sanctions on North Korea

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on October 14, 2006. The resolution, passed under Chapter VII, Article 41, of the UN Charter, imposes a series of economic and commercial sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the aftermath of that nation's claimed nuclear test of October 9, 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2007

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 was a United Nations Security Council resolution, written with reference to some IAEA reports, that tightened the sanctions imposed on Iran in connection with the Iranian nuclear program. It was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on 24 March 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1696</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2006

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1696, adopted on July 31, 2006, after expressing concern at the intentions of the nuclear programme of Iran, the Council demanded that Iran halt its uranium enrichment programme.

This is the timeline of the nuclear program of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540</span> 2004 resolution on non-proliferation of WMDs

United Nations Security Council resolution 1540 was adopted unanimously on 28 April 2004 regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The resolution establishes the obligations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter for all member states to develop and enforce appropriate legal and regulatory measures against the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, in particular, to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to non-state actors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 707</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1991

United Nations Security Council Resolution 707, adopted unanimously on 15 August 1991, condemned Iraq for violations and non-compliance of Resolution 687 (1991) and extended powers to the Special Commission and IAEA. It was adopted after recalling Resolution 687 (1991) and hearing representations from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and United Nations Special Commission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 984</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1995

In United Nations Security Council resolution 984, adopted unanimously on 11 April 1995, the council gave assurances to non-nuclear weapon states that were parties to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) against the threat of nuclear proliferation.

The 2010 Review Conference for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City from 3 to 28 May 2010. The President of the Review Conference is Ambassador Libran N. Cabactulan of the Philippines. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon used the opening of the conference to note that "sixty five years later, the world still lives under the nuclear shadow".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929</span> United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929, adopted on 9 June 2010, after recalling resolutions 1696 (2006), 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), 1835 (2008) and 1887 (2009) concerning the topics of Iran and non-proliferation, the Council noted that Iran had failed to comply with previous Security Council resolutions concerning its nuclear program and imposed further sanctions on the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1673</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2006

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1673, adopted unanimously on April 27, 2006, after considering a report from the Committee of the Security Council established in Resolution 1540 (2004) concerning non-proliferation, the Council extended the mandate of the Committee monitoring the resolution's implementation concerning weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery until April 27, 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle East nuclear weapon free zone</span>

The Middle East nuclear weapon free zone (MENWFZ) is a proposed agreement similar to other nuclear-weapon-free zones. Steps towards the establishment of such a zone began in the 1960s led to a joint declaration by Egypt and Iran in 1974 which resulted in a General Assembly resolution. Following the 1995 NPT Review Conference, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held a series of meetings involving experts and academics to consider ways to advance this process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</span> Legally binding international agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), or the Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, is the first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons with the ultimate goal being their total elimination. It was adopted on 7 July 2017, opened for signature on 20 September 2017, and entered into force on 22 January 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1994 North Korean nuclear crisis</span> 1994 diplomatic crisis caused by the North Korean nuclear weapons program

The 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis was a crisis on the Korean Peninsula, mainly revolving around North Korea's nuclear program. Largely caused by North Korea's announcement that it would withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1993 the tensions could have led to a war between North Korea and the US had not been for an agreement reached between Former President Jimmy Carter and then leader Kim Il Sung. It led to North Korea and the United States signing the Agreed Framework in October 1994, effectively ending the crisis.

References

  1. 1 2 "May 1993 – Controversy over nuclear issue". Keesing's Record of World Events. 39, p. 39,463. May 1993.
  2. 1 2 Kapur, S. P. (2007). Dangerous deterrent: nuclear weapons proliferation and conflict in South Asia. Stanford University Press. p. 155. ISBN   978-0-8047-5550-4.
  3. 1 2 North Korea. U.S. State Department.
  4. 1 2 Bothe, M., Ronzitti, N. & Rosas, A. (1998). The new Chemical Weapons Convention–implementation and prospects. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 291. ISBN   978-90-411-1099-2.
  5. ↑ Republic of Korea in the United Nations – Part II Security Council – 11 May 1993 Archived 11 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine . Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations.
  6. ↑ Lampton, D. (2001). The making of Chinese foreign and security policy in the era of reform, 1978–2000. Stanford University Press. p. 393. ISBN   978-0-8047-4056-2.
  7. ↑ Fassbender, Bardo. (1998). UN security council reform and the right of veto: a constitutional perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 212. ISBN   978-90-411-0592-9.
  8. ↑ Text of resolution 825.
  9. ↑ Yŏnʼguwŏn, M. T. (1998). The Korean journal of national unification. Research Institute for National Unification.
  10. ↑ Kapur (2007), p. 156
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.