United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874

Last updated
UN Security Council
Resolution 1874
Nuclear weapons test (North Korea, 2009-05-25).jpg
Location of 25 May nuclear test
Date12 June 2009
Meeting no.6,141
CodeS/2009/301 (Document)
SubjectNon-proliferation
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Voting summary
  • 15 voted for
  • None voted against
  • None abstained
ResultAdopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members
Non-permanent members
←  1873 Lists of resolutions 1875  →

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on 12 June 2009. [1] The resolution, passed under Chapter VII, Article 41, of the UN Charter, imposes further economic and commercial sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the DPRK, or North Korea) and encourages UN member states to search North Korean cargo, in the aftermath of an underground nuclear test conducted on 25 May 2009.

Contents

Provisions

The provisions of the resolution include:

Adoption

Adopting the resolution unanimously, the Council condemned the nuclear test which was in "violation and flagrant disregard" of previous Council resolutions 1695 and 1718. [1] The resolution is now binding under international law. [2]

Security Council permanent members

Security Council elected members

Other UN members

North Korean reaction

An official newspaper said that the country would consider any new sanctions imposed as a "declaration of war". [15] In response, a statement from the Foreign Ministry, carried by the official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), said that the country would "weaponize all plutonium" and had reprocessed more than "one-third of our spent nuclear fuel rods". [16] [17] It also announced it would start uranium enrichment. [16] The statement considered any attempt at a blockade as an "act of war that will be met with a decisive military response", and would "counter 'sanctions' with retaliation and 'confrontation' with all-out confrontation", accusing the resolution of being a product of a U.S.-led offensive against the country. [18] [19] The North Korean Foreign Ministry statement on KCNA continues:

The U.S. and Japan, not content with this "resolution", are hatching dirty plots to add their own "sanctions" to the existing ones against the DPRK by framing up the fictional issues of "counterfeit money" and "drug trafficking". The U.S. incited the United Nations Security Council to get more deeply embroiled in its attempt to stifle the DPRK, which resulted in the creation of an unprecedentedly acute tension on the Korean Peninsula.

...

Had any other country found itself in the situation of the DPRK, it would have clearly realized that the DPRK has never chosen but was compelled to go nuclear in the face of the U.S. hostile policy and its nuclear threats. It has become an absolutely impossible option for the DPRK to even think about giving up its nuclear weapons. It makes no difference to the DPRK whether its nuclear status is recognized or not. [20]

A commentary in the Rodong Sinmun newspaper alleged the United States had 1,000 nuclear weapons in South Korea ready to strike North Korea, with the Tongbil Sinmun warning that nuclear war could break out on the Korean peninsula. [21] A U.S. military spokesman described the allegations as "baseless", adding that the weapons were removed under a 1991 treaty.[ citation needed ]

On June 15, the North Korean government organized a "mammoth" 100,000-strong protest in Pyongyang's Kim Il-sung Square against Resolution 1874. Secretary of the Central Committee Workers' Party of Korea Kim Ki Nam blamed the United States for pushing through the sanctions, adding that they would not weaken the DPRK. [22] [23]

Enforcement

Economic and commercial sanctions

The South Korean-based Hyundai Economic Research Institute estimated that if the sanctions are enforced by all UN member states, North Korea could lose between US$1.5–3.7 billion, [24] whereas other estimates suggest US$4 billion. [25] However, a Congressional Research Service report for the United States Congress notes that this is only possible if the sanctions are applied forcefully. [26] The United States is targeting access by North Korea to foreign banks used by its trading companies. [27] On 16 July 2009, a UN sanctions committee designated for sanctions three North Korean trading companies, an Iran-based company and North Korea's General Bureau of Atomic Energy. [28]

Luxury consumer goods, such as alcohol, computers, motorcycles, yachts, and luxury foods, for the North Korean elite, were primarily sourced from Europe and China, the latter of which reported a high demand by top North Korean officials. [29] The exports of luxury goods by China in particular is around US$100–160 million, which has caused concern for the United States as to how China is implementing the sanctions. [26]

Sea cargo

A number of North Korean ships have been seized or searched under the terms of Resolution 1874.

Air cargo

The resolution is vague on how to implement sanctions on North Korean air cargo, in contrast to the provisions for sea cargo. [26] However, it is alleged that North Korea uses air traffic more than sea traffic to transport or exchange weapons technology. [45] The Congressional Research Service report identifies the Pyongyang–Tehran air route as a matter of concern, as most of the US$1.5 billion North Korea earns in weapons sales comes from Iran. [46] [47] In addition to this, the report claims the air route is also used for the exchange and collaboration of WMD technology, as well as a route for visits by scientists, technicians and nuclear and ballistics officials. [26] Most of the route passes over China, and a U.S. delegation held talks with Chinese officials over how to implement the resolution regarding the aircraft which regularly refuel at Chinese airports, [48] but did not report on the response. [27]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 Security Council imposes tougher sanctions on DPR Korea. UN News Centre. June 12, 2009.
  2. 1 2 UN toughens North Korea sanctions. BBC News Online. June 12, 2009
  3. 1 2 Aziakou, Gerard (June 12, 2009). Security Council adopts tougher NKorea sanctions. Agence France-Presse.
  4. 1 2 Key excerpts from U. N. North Korea resolution. Reuters. June 12, 2009.
  5. 1 2 North Korea resolution: key points. The Daily Telegraph . June 12, 2009.
  6. 1 2 UN Security Council adopts resolution expanding sanctions on DPRK Archived 2009-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . Xinhua. June 13, 2009.
  7. ↑ Berger, Andrea (March 16, 2017). "A Familiar Story: The New UN Report on North Korean Sanctions Implementation". 38 North, U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies . USA. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  8. ↑ Salomon, Salem (March 22, 2017). "Sanctioned and Shunned, North Korea Finds Arms Deals in Africa". Voice of America . USA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  9. ↑ Nephew, Richard (March 16, 2017). "Paper Tigers: DPRK POE Report Shows Deep Problems with Enforcement". 38 North, U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies . USA. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Text of resolution, UN Press Centre
  11. 1 2 Charbonneau, Louis; Parsons, Claudia (June 12, 2009). U.N. council expands sanctions against North Korea. Reuters.
  12. ↑ Varner, Bill; Green, Peter S. (June 12, 2009). UN Votes to Punish North Korea for Nuclear Test. Bloomberg.
  13. ↑ U.S. envoy Rice praises U.N. resolution on North Korea. Reuters. June 12, 2009
  14. ↑ Japanese PM urges DPRK to take UN resolution "seriously", Xinhua News Agency. June 13, 2009
  15. ↑ Foster, Peter (June 12, 2009). US fears third nuclear test in North Korea. The Daily Telegraph.
  16. 1 2 North Korea in plutonium threat. BBC News Online. June 13, 2009
  17. ↑ N Korea defiant after new sanctions. Al Jazeera. June 13, 2009
  18. ↑ N. Korea to push ahead with uranium enrichment over U.N. sanctions. Yonhap. June 13, 2009
  19. ↑ Jee-ho, Yo (June 15, 2009). UN action spurs more Pyongyang nuclear threats. JoongAng Daily .
  20. ↑ DPRK Foreign Ministry Declares Strong Counter- Measures against UNSC's "Resolution 1874". KCNA. June 13. 2009
  21. ↑ Moore, Malcolm (June 14, 2009). North Korea claims US could provoke nuclear war. The Daily Telegraph .
  22. ↑ N.Koreans rally against UN, The Straits Times . June 16, 2009
  23. ↑ Mammoth Pyongyang Rally Denounces UNSC "Resolution" Archived 2019-11-24 at the Wayback Machine . KCNA. June 15, 2009
  24. ↑ N. Korea to Face Huge Losses from U. N. Sanctions: Report. Yonhap. June 16, 2009.
  25. ↑ Deok-min, Yun (June 16, 2009). China’s Nuclear Headache. JoongAng Daily .
  26. 1 2 3 4 Nikitin, Mary Beth; Manyin, Mark E.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Nanto, Dick K.; Niksch, Larry A. (July 23, 2009). North Korea’s Second Nuclear Test: Implications of U. N. Security Council Resolution 1874. Congressional Research Service.
  27. 1 2 "Background Briefing on North Korea." U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs. July 15, 2009.
  28. ↑ "U. N. Expands Sanctions Imposed on North Korea." Wall Street Journal Asia . July 17, 2009, p. 13.
  29. ↑ Saiget, Robert J. (April 6, 2009). "China, DPRK Trade Said Booming Despite Rocket Tensions." Agence France-Presse.
  30. ↑ South African Press Association; Associated Press (June 24, 2009). N Korea ship a diplomatic test Archived 2009-06-25 at the Wayback Machine . The Times (South Africa) .
  31. ↑ Huiwen, Yang (June 24, 2009). MPA not told of intentions. The Straits Times .
  32. ↑ Agence France-Presse (AFP) (June 25, 2009). "Burma mum on tracked NKorean ship". Bangkok Post .
  33. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (July 6, 2009). South Korea Says Freighter From North Turns Back. The New York Times .
  34. ↑ Agence France-Presse (AFP) (July 6, 2009). Malaysia calls for evidence on NKorea banking charges. AsiaOne.
  35. ↑ Ram, Arun (August 8, 2009). Suspicious North Korean ship detained off Andamans. The Times of India .
  36. ↑ Detained North Korean ship may be booked under Maritime Act. Indian Express . August 17, 2009.
  37. ↑ Raghavendra, V. (August 26, 2009). North Korean ship yields no clues. The Hindu .
  38. ↑ Korean ship may be booked under Indian Maritime Act. The Times of India . August 16, 2009.
  39. ↑ Kerr, Simeon; Morris, Harvey (August 28, 2009). ‘N Korean arms for Iran’ seized by UAE. Financial Times .
  40. ↑ Chang, Tony (October 5, 2009). S. Korea searched suspicious N.K. containers: sources. Yonhap.
  41. ↑ ‘Seized NK Containers Had Chemical Weapons Items’. The Dong-a Ilbo . October 6, 2009.
  42. ↑ Anandan, S. (October 4, 2009). Detained North Korean ship cleared to leave. The Hindu .
  43. ↑ Lauria, Joe; Fairclough, Gordon; Wonacott, Peter (February 25, 2010). "Pretoria Seizes Pyongyang Arms". The Wall Street Journal .
  44. ↑ Castillo, Mariano; Shoichet, Catherine E.; Oppmann, Patrick (17 July 2013). "Cuba: 'Obsolete' weapons on ship were going to North Korea for repair". CNN . Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  45. ↑ Eckert, Paul (May 27, 2009). Anti-proliferation Group Only Symbolic Without China Archived 2018-02-10 at the Wayback Machine . Reuters India.
  46. ↑ Herskovitz, Jon (July 15, 2009). How North Korea earns money from arms sales How North Korea Earns Money from Arms Sales. Reuters.
  47. ↑ What’s Behind the New U.N. sanctions on N.Korea? Reuters. June 12, 2009.
  48. ↑ N.Korea's Arms Export Routes Getting Harder to Track. The Chosun Ilbo . June 29, 2009.
  49. ↑ Post Reporters (December 12, 2009). Huge N Korea arms cache seized. Bangkok Post .
  50. ↑ N Korea arms 'were bound for Iran'. Al Jazeera. January 31, 2010.
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