United Nations Security Council Resolution 875

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UN Security Council
Resolution 875
USS Tempest (PC-2).jpg
USS Tempest (PC-2) patrolling as part of maritime embargo against Haiti
Date16 October 1993
Meeting no.3,293
CodeS/RES/875 (Document)
SubjectHaiti
Voting summary
15 voted for
None voted against
None abstained
ResultAdopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members
Non-permanent members

United Nations Security Council resolution 875, adopted unanimously on 16 October 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993), 862 (1993), 867 (1993) and 873 (1993), the Council, aware of the continued failure of parties in Haiti implement the Governors Island Agreement, widened international sanctions and imposed a naval blockade against the country. [1]

United Nations Security Council Resolution 841 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 841, adopted unanimously on 16 June 1993, after recognising the need for an urgent settlement to the situation in Haiti and the efforts of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the Secretary General of the Organization of American States João Clemente Baena Soares, the Council placed various international sanctions on Haiti.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 861 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 861, adopted unanimously on 27 August 1993, after recalling Resolution 841 (1993) and welcoming an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, suspended international sanctions against Haiti.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 862 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 862, adopted unanimously on 31 August 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council reaffirmed the international community's commitment to a solution in Haiti and discussed the establishment of a new police force in Haiti under a proposed United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

Contents

The sanctions were a further measure aimed at removing the military junta in Haiti and restoring democracy. [2] Acting under Chapter VII and Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, the Council called upon Member States to halt inward maritime shipping as necessary in order to inspect and verify their cargoes and destinations, as well as implement restrictions on petroleum and liquefied natural gas in accordance with previous resolutions.

A military junta is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term junta comes from Spanish and Portuguese and means committee, specifically a board of directors. Sometimes it becomes a military dictatorship, though the terms are not synonymous.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".

Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter deals with regional arrangements. It authorizes regional organizations and even requires attempts to resolve disputes through such agencies prior to intervention by the UN Security Council. However, Article 53 provides that "no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council."

The resolution concluded by stating that further measures would be taken if necessary to ensure compliance.

See also

History of Haiti aspect of history

The recorded written history of Haiti began on 5 December 1492 when the European navigator Christopher Columbus happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, and Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Kiskeya(Quisqueya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española, later Latinized to Hispaniola. French influence began in 1625, and French control of what was called Saint-Domingue—modern-day Haiti—began in 1660. From 1697 on, the western part of the island was French and the eastern part was Spanish. Haiti became one of the wealthiest of France's colonies, producing vast quantities of sugar and coffee and depended on a brutal slave system for the necessary labor. Inspired by the message of the French Revolution, Haitian slaves rose up in revolt in 1791 and after decades of struggle the independent republic of Haiti was officially proclaimed in 1804.

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References

  1. ↑ Manusama, Kenneth (2006). The United Nations Security Council in the post-cold war era: applying the principle of legality. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 230. ISBN   978-90-04-15194-9.
  2. ↑ Lewis, Paul (17 October 1993). "Standoff in Haiti; U.N. Backs Use of Ships to Enforce Haiti Embargo". The New York Times.
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