| UN Security Council Resolution 882 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date | 5 November 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,305 |
| Code | S/RES/882 (Document) |
| Subject | The situation in Mozambique |
Voting summary | 15 voted for None voted against None abstained |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
Permanent members | |
Non-permanent members | |
United Nations Security Council resolution 882, adopted unanimously on 5 November 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 782 (1992) and subsequent resolutions on Mozambique, the Council noted, in addition to positive developments in the country, that some aspects of the Rome General Peace Accords had not been implemented. [1]
United Nations Security Council resolution 782, adopted unanimously on 13 October 1992, after welcoming the Rome General Peace Accords signed on 4 October 1992, in Rome between the FRELIMO (government) and RENAMO (rebel) parties in the Mozambican Civil War, the Council approved the appointment of an interim Special Representative and the deployment of up to 25 military observers to Mozambique. The Special Representative was an Italian, Aldo Ajello.
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo.
The Rome General Peace Accords (Português): Acordo Geral de Paz ) between the Mozambican Civil War parties, the FRELIMO (government) and the RENAMO (rebels), put an end to the Mozambique Civil War. It was signed on October 4, 1992. Negotiations preceding in began in July 1990. They were brokered by a team of four mediators, two members of the Community of Sant'Egidio, Andrea Riccardi and Matteo Zuppi, as well as Bishop Jaime Gonçalves and Italian government representative Mario Raffaelli. The delegation of the Frelimo was headed by Armando Guebuza, the delegation of the Renamo was headed by Raul Domingos. The accords were then signed by the then president of Mozambique, Frelimo leader Joaquim Chissano and by the leader of the Renamo, Afonso Dhlakama.
Contents
The Council urged the Government of Mozambique and RENAMO to fully implement the Peace Accords, affirming that it would contribute to peace and stability in the region. The indirect talks held by the Presidents of both parties satisfied the Council. The efforts of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, his Special Representative and the personnel of the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) were welcomed. At the same time, delays in implementing the accords caused concern, as did the unacceptability of attempts to gain more time or further concessions by either party.
The Mozambican National Resistance is a militant organization and political movement in Mozambique. Sponsored by the Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO), it was founded in 1975 as part of an anti-communist backlash against the country's ruling FRELIMO party.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from January 1992 to December 1996. An academic and former Vice Foreign Minister of Egypt, Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN over a period coinciding with several world crises, including the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide. He was then the first Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from 16 November 1997 to 31 December 2002.
The United Nations Operations in Mozambique (UNOMOZ) was a UN peace mission to Mozambique established in December 1992 under Security Council Resolution 797 with the assignment to monitor the implementation of the Rome General Peace Accords agreed upon by the Mozambican president Joaquim Chissano (FRELIMO) and Afonso Dhlakama of RENAMO. Its mandate ended in December 1994.
Importance was attached to elections that were to be held by October 1994, welcoming the approval by the Mozambican parties of the revised timetable for the implementation of the Peace Accords. The parties were urged to commence assembly of troops in November 1993 and to initiate demobilisation by January 1994 with a view to completing of the process by May 1994. The formation of the Mozambican Defense Force and the full-scale training in Nyanga, Zimbabwe of troops from the Government and RENAMO. Guidelines for the Ceasefire Commission governing the movement of troops after the signature of the Peace Agreement were approved, underlining the need to establish the National Commission for Administration, the National Police Affairs Commission (COMPOL) and the Commission for Information (COMINFO).
Demobilization or demobilisation is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force will not be necessary. The opposite of demobilization is mobilization. Forceful demobilization of a defeated enemy is called demilitarization.
Nyanga is a town in Zimbabwe. At one time, the town was known as Inyanga.
The Secretary-General was authorised to deploy 128 United Nations police observers approved in Resolution 797 (1992) and it was important that the parties:
United Nations Security Council resolution 797, adopted unanimously on 16 December 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 782 (1992), the Council decided to establish the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) as proposed by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali in line with the peace agreement for Mozambique.
- (a) approve an electoral law and establish an election commission by 30 November 1993;
- (b) concentrate troops in assembly areas;
- (c) demobilise half of troops by 31 March 1994;
- (d) complete integration of forces by August 1994.
The mandate of ONUMOZ was extended for a further six months until 5 May 1994, with the mandate being reviewed after 90 days on the basis of a report by the Secretary-General due by 31 January 1994 and every three months thereafter, concerning developments in the peace process. [2] Finally, the international community was urged to provide appropriate and prompt assistance for the implementation of the humanitarian programme provided for by the Peace Accords. The parties were urged not to impede this process, urging co-operation with the UNHCR and the resettlement of refugees and displaced persons.
Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance to people who need help. It is usually short-term help until the long-term help by government and other institutions replaces it. Among the people in need are the homeless, refugees, and victims of natural disasters, wars and famines. Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian relief efforts including natural disasters and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity. It may therefore be distinguished from development aid, which seeks to address the underlying socioeconomic factors which may have led to a crisis or emergency. There is a debate on linking humanitarian aid and development efforts, which was reinforced by the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016. However, the approach is viewed critically by practitioners.
A refugee, generally speaking, is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely. Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by the contracting state or the UNHCR if they formally make a claim for asylum. The lead international agency coordinating refugee protection is the United Nations Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The United Nations have a second Office for refugees, the UNRWA, which is solely responsible for supporting the large majority of Palestinian refugees.
