Varivode massacre

Last updated
Varivode massacre
LocationVillage of Varivode, Kistanje municipality, Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia
Date28 September 1995
TargetElderly Croatian Serb villagers
Attack type
 Mass killing
Deaths9 [1] [2]
Perpetrators Croatian Army (HV) and Croatian police [3]

The Varivode massacre was a mass killing that occurred on 28 September 1995 in the village of Varivode, Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence. According to United Nations officials, soldiers of the Croatian Army (HV) and Croatian police killed nine Serb villagers, all of whom were between the ages of 60 and 85. [4] After the war, six former Croatian soldiers were tried for committing crimes in the village, but were all eventually released due to lack of evidence. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Croatia ruled that the Republic of Croatia was responsible for the killings, dubbing the massacre an "act of terrorism," and the following year the municipal court in Knin announced that the Government of Croatia must provide compensation to the children of a couple who were murdered.

Contents

Background

Following the 1990 electoral defeat of the government of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, ethnic tensions worsened. The Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) confiscated Croatia's Territorial Defence (Teritorijalna obrana) weapons to minimize resistance. [5] On 17 August, the tensions escalated into an open revolt by Croatian Serbs, [6] centred on the predominantly Serb-populated areas of the Dalmatian hinterland around Knin, [7] parts of the Lika, Kordun, Banovina and eastern Croatia. [8] This was followed by two unsuccessful attempts by Serbia, supported by Montenegro and Serbia's provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo to obtain the Yugoslav Presidency's approval of a JNA operation to disarm Croatian security forces in January 1991. [9] After a bloodless skirmish between Serb insurgents and Croatian special police in March, [10] the JNA itself, supported by Serbia and its allies, asked the federal Presidency declare a state of emergency and grant the JNA wartime powers. The request was denied on 15 March, and the JNA came under control of Serbian President Slobodan Milošević. Milošević, preferring a campaign to expand Serbia rather than preservation of Yugoslavia, publicly threatened to replace the JNA with a Serbian army and declared that he no longer recognized the authority of the federal Presidency. [11] By the end of the month, the conflict had escalated into the Croatian War of Independence. [12] The JNA stepped in, increasingly supporting the Croatian Serb insurgents, and preventing Croatian police from intervening. [11] In early April, the leaders of the Croatian Serb revolt declared their intention to integrate the area under their control with Serbia. The Government of Croatia viewed this declaration as an attempt to secede. [13]

In May, the Croatian government responded by forming the Croatian National Guard (Zbor narodne garde – ZNG), [14] but its development was hampered by a United Nations (UN) arms embargo introduced in September. [15] On 25 June, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, officially severing ties on 8 October [16] and a month later the ZNG was renamed the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska - HV). [14] Late 1991 saw the fiercest fighting of the Croatian War of Independence, culminating in the Siege of Dubrovnik [17] and the Battle of Vukovar. [18] A campaign of ethnic cleansing then began in the RSK, expelling 170,000 [19] to 250,000 Croats and non-Serbs with hundreds of Croats killed. [20] [21] In January 1992, an agreement to implement the peace plan negotiated by UN special envoy Cyrus Vance was signed by Croatia, the JNA and the UN. [22] As a result, the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) deployed to maintain the ceasefire, [23] and the JNA was scheduled to retreat to Bosnia and Herzegovina. [22] Despite the peace arrangement requiring an immediate withdrawal of JNA personnel and equipment from Croatia, the JNA remained on Croatian territory for seven to eight months. When its troops eventually withdrew, the JNA left their equipment to the Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (ARSK), [24] which Serbia continued to support. [25] A state of stalemate ensued, lasting the next three-and-a-half years. In August 1995 the Croats launched Operation Storm, recapturing most Serb-controlled territory in Croatia and leading to as many as 200,000 Croatian Serbs to flee the country in fear or part of evacuation by the RSK. [26]

Killings

On the night of 28 September 1995, Croatian soldiers entered the village of Varivode and killed nine elderly Serb villagers. The civilians that were killed were Jovan Berić, Marko Berić, Milka Berić, Radivoje Berić, Marija Berić, Dušan Dukić, Jovo Berić, Špiro Berić and Mirko Pokrajac. After the executions occurred, the bodies were buried in a cemetery near the village without the knowledge of the families of the victims. [4] There were no witnesses to the massacre, although the survivors and relatives of the victims stated that people in military uniforms arrived in the village days before the attack, and robbed and abused the remaining Serb residents who had not left following Operation Storm. [27]

Aftermath

After the massacre, Croatian authorities denied reports of widespread atrocities targeting Serbs and said that they were propaganda. Later, the government blamed the atrocities on uncontrollable elements within the Croatian Army and Croatian police. [28] Christiane Amanpour's report from October 1995 said that the "United Nations believes 12 Serb civilians were massacred." [28] In the first one hundred days following Operation Storm, at least 150 Serb civilians were summarily executed, and many hundreds disappeared as part of a widespread campaign of revenge against Croatia's Serb minority. [29]

The bodies of the killed Serbs were never exhumed, autopsies were never performed and much of the evidence that could have been used against the perpetrators of the crime was discarded. [30] Despite this, six Croatian soldiers were tried for committing crimes in the village. The soldiers were Ivan Jakovljević, Pero Perković, Neđeljko Mijić, Zlatko Ladović, Ivica Petrić and Nikola Rašić. [30] All six were acquitted for the Varivode massacre as well as for killings in the village of Gošić, although Petrić was found guilty and sentenced to six years for the murder of a civilian in the village of Zrmanja and Rašić was sentenced to a year in prison for attempted robbery and the attempted murder of a civilian in the municipality of Knin. [27] The acquittal part of the verdict was quashed and a re-trial was ordered which ended in the dropping of charges and release of the accused in 2002 for lack of evidence. [27] [30]

The Varivode massacre was listed in the ICTY's indictment of Croatian wartime general Ante Gotovina. [31] The Trial of Gotovina et al brought the convictions of Gotovina and Markač and acquittal of Čermak in April 2011. [32] Gotovina and Markač were subsequently acquitted on appeal in November 2012, with the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY reversing the earlier judgement, ruling that there was insufficient evidence to prove the existence of a joint criminal enterprise to remove Serb civilians by force. [33] The Appeals Chamber further stated that the Croatian Army and Special Police committed crimes after the artillery assault, but the state and military leadership had no role in their planning and creation. [33]

In July 2012, the Supreme Court of Croatia ruled that the Republic of Croatia was responsible for the deaths of the nine Serb villagers who were killed in Varivode. The Supreme Court declared, "two months after the conclusion of Operation Storm, an act of terrorism was committed against the Serb inhabitants of Varivode for the purpose of causing fear, hopelessness and to spread feelings of personal insecurity among the citizens." [34]

On 23 January 2013, the municipal court in Knin upheld that the Croatian government of the time was responsible for the killings in Varivode, and reiterated that the killings were an act of terrorism against the Serb inhabitants of the village. Furthermore, the court announced that the Croatian government must pay 540,000 kuna (€ 72,000) to the children of massacre-victims Radivoje and Marija Berić. [35] [36] The European Commission welcomed the court's ruling, stating that the court had "addressed for the first time a long-standing grievance." [37]

Commemoration

Croatian President Ivo Josipovic condemned the killings in 2010. 16 obljetnica vojnoredarstvene operacije Oluja Ivo Josipovic 04082011 c 876.jpg
Croatian President Ivo Josipović condemned the killings in 2010.

A wooden monument was erected to commemorate the victims of the massacre. In April 2010, the plaque was destroyed by a Croatian war veteran and had to be rebuilt. [38] [39] The monument's destruction was condemned by then-Croatian Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor. "The Prime Minister called on the Interior Ministry and other institutions to launch an immediate investigation and to solve the case immediately, in order for the perpetrators to be found and punished for this act of vandalism," the Croatian government stated. [40] The rebuilt monument was unveiled by Croatian President Ivo Josipović on 10 May 2010. [41] The new monument is built out of stone, has the names of the victims inscribed in both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, stands ten meters tall and cost the Croatian government 60,000 kuna to construct. [42]

The Croatian President stated, "retaliation, robbery and crime are impermissible, and the blood and shame cannot be washed away." The nine Serbs were killed at a time when there was no war and they were innocent victims of retaliation, Josipović said while addressing the crowd of several hundred people after laying flowers at the monument. [43] Milorad Pupovac, a Croatian Serb MP and president of the Serb National Council, stated, "We have decided to erect this monument for those who have been forgotten, for those whose suffering has gone unrecognized. We hope that the individuals responsible for this crime will be brought to justice and that the ones who tolerated it will show themselves. The possibility is open that we all, the Orthodox and Catholics, Croats and Serbs, after the erection of this monument to the ethnic Serbs civilians who suffered in the 1991–1995 war, can motion away from these things so that they no longer divide us so that we can all feel a mutual-responsibility to ensure that these crimes never happen again." [44]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Storm</span> Military offensive and the last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence

Operation Storm was the last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence and a major factor in the outcome of the Bosnian War. It was a decisive victory for the Croatian Army (HV), which attacked across a 630-kilometre (390 mi) front against the self-declared proto-state Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK), and a strategic victory for the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH). The HV was supported by the Croatian special police advancing from the Velebit Mountain, and the ARBiH located in the Bihać pocket, in the Army of the Republic of Serbian Krajina's (ARSK) rear. The battle, launched to restore Croatian control of 10,400 square kilometres of territory, representing 18.4% of the territory it claimed, and Bosniak control of Western Bosnia, was the largest European land battle since World War II. Operation Storm commenced at dawn on 4 August 1995 and was declared complete on the evening of 7 August, despite significant mopping-up operations against pockets of resistance lasting until 14 August.

The Vukovar massacre, also known as the Vukovar hospital massacre or the Ovčara massacre, was the killing of Croatian prisoners of war and civilians by Serb paramilitaries, to whom they had been turned over by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), at the Ovčara farm southeast of Vukovar on 20 November 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The massacre occurred shortly after Vukovar's capture by the JNA, Territorial Defence (TO), and paramilitaries from neighbouring Serbia. It was the largest massacre of the Croatian War of Independence.

The Lovas killings involved the killing of 70 Croat civilian residents of the village of Lovas between 10 and 18 October 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The killings took place during and in the immediate aftermath of the occupation of the village by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) supported by Croatian Serb forces and Dušan the Mighty Forces. on 10 October, two days after Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The occupation occurred during the Battle of Vukovar, as the JNA sought to consolidate its control over the area surrounding the city of Vukovar. The killings and abuse of the civilian population continued until 18 October, when troops guarding a group of civilians forced them to walk into a minefield at gunpoint and then opened fire upon them.

The Škabrnja massacre was the killing of 62 Croatian civilians and five prisoners of war by Serbian Autonomous Oblast Krajina Territorial Defence troops and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in the villages of Škabrnja and Nadin east of Zadar on 18–19 November 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The massacre occurred shortly after an agreement to evacuate Zadar's JNA garrison following an increase in fighting between the Croatian National Guard and the JNA. Most of the killings were committed by SAO Krajina troops which followed the leading armoured JNA units fighting their way into Škabrnja on 18 November. During the initial attack, the attacking force employed a human shield of captured civilians forced to walk in front of armoured vehicles. Most of the civilian population fled the village and about 120–130 were captured by the JNA and detained in the village school and kindergarten. However, others who took shelter in basements were killed in or just outside their homes. A portion of those killed in the massacre were buried in a mass grave in Škabrnja, while dozens of bodies were turned over to Croatian authorities.

The Baćin massacre was the killing of 83 civilians just outside the village of Baćin, near Hrvatska Dubica, committed by Croatian Serb paramilitaries. The killings took place on 21 October 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. Most of the civilians were Croats, but they also included two ethnic Serbs, taken from Hrvatska Dubica, Baćin and the nearby village of Cerovljani. The civilians were killed in the area of Krečane, at the very bank of the Una River, and their bodies were left unburied for two weeks. Most of them were subsequently bulldozed into a shallow mass grave, while a number of the bodies were thrown into the river. Further killings of Croat civilians continued in Baćin and surrounding areas until February 1992.

The Battle of Zadar was a military engagement between the Yugoslav People's Army, supported by the Croatian Serb Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina, and the Croatian National Guard, supported by the Croatian Police. The battle was fought north and east of the city of Zadar, Croatia, in the second half of September and early October 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. Although the JNA's initial orders were to lift the Croatian siege of the JNA's barracks in the city and isolate the region of Dalmatia from the rest of Croatia, the orders were amended during the battle to include capturing the Port of Zadar in the city centre. The JNA's advance was supported by the Yugoslav Air Force and Navy.

The Saborsko massacre was the killing of 29 Croat residents of the village of Saborsko on 12 November 1991, following the seizure of the village in a Yugoslav People's Army and Croatian Serb offensive during the Croatian War of Independence. The fall of the town occurred as part of a JNA and Croatian Serb operation to capture a Croatian-held pocket centered on the town of Slunj, southeast of Karlovac. While the bulk of the civilian population fled with the surviving Croatian forces, those who remained in Saborsko were rounded up and either killed or expelled. The bodies of the victims were retrieved from two mass graves and several individual graves in 1995.

The Velepromet camp was a detention facility established in the final days of the Battle of Vukovar during the Croatian War of Independence. The camp was set up by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), which shared control of the facility with Croatian Serb rebels. The facility, originally an industrial storage site, was located on the southern outskirts of the city of Vukovar, in close proximity to the JNA barracks. It consisted of eight warehouses surrounded by a wire fence, and was established on 16 November 1991, when the first detainees were brought there.

The Dalj massacre was the killing of Croats in Dalj, Croatia from 1 August 1991 until June 1992, during the Croatian War of Independence. In addition to civilian victims, the figure includes 20 Croatian policemen, 15 Croatian National Guard troops and four civil defencemen who had been defending the police station and water supply building in the village on 1 August 1991. While some of the policemen and the ZNG troops died in combat, those who surrendered were killed after they became prisoners of war. They tried to fight off an attack by the Croatian Serb SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia Territorial Defence Forces, supported by the Yugoslav People's Army and the Serb Volunteer Guard paramilitaries. The SAO SBWS was declared an autonomous territory in eastern Croatia following the Battle of Borovo Selo just to the south of Dalj.

Operation Winter '94 was a joint military offensive of the Croatian Army (HV) and the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) fought in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 November and 24 December 1994. The operation formed part of the Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War fought between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and two unrecognized para-states proclaimed by Croatian Serbs and Bosnian Serbs. Both para-states were supported by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serbia. The JNA pulled out in 1992, but transferred much of its equipment to the Bosnian Serb and Croatian Serb forces as it withdrew.

The Pakrac clash, known in Croatia as the Battle of Pakrac, was a bloodless skirmish that took place in the Croatian town of Pakrac in March 1991. The clash was a result of increasing ethnic tensions in Croatia during the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was one of the first serious outbreaks of violence in what became the Croatian War of Independence.

The Erdut killings were a series of murders of 37 Hungarian and Croat civilians in the village of Erdut, Croatia committed by Croatian Serb forces and Serb Volunteer Guard paramilitaries between November 1991 and June 1992, during the Croatian War of Independence. Twenty-two Hungarians and 15 Croats were killed. The first killings occurred on 10 November 1991, when twelve civilians died. Eight more were killed over the following several days. Five more civilians were killed on 10 December, and another seven on 16 December. Four others were killed on 21 February 1992 and the final one was killed on 3 June. The bodies of these victims were either buried in mass graves or thrown into nearby wells.

The Trial of Gotovina et al. was a war crimes trial held from March 2008 until November 2012 before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), set up in 1993. The ICTY indicted Croatian Army (HV) generals Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak, and Mladen Markač for war crimes, specifically for their roles in Operation Storm, citing their participation in a joint criminal enterprise (JCE) aimed at the permanent removal of Serbs from the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) held part of Croatia.

The 1991 protest in Split was a street protest against the Yugoslav People's Army held in Split, Croatia on 6 May 1991. The protest was organised by the Croatian Trade Union Association in the Brodosplit Shipyard and joined in by workers from other companies in the city and other residents of Split after radio broadcast appeals for help while the protesters marched through the streets. Ultimately, the protest drew 100,000 supporters.

The 1991 siege of Kijevo was one of the earliest clashes of the Croatian War of Independence. The 9th Corps of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) led by Colonel Ratko Mladić and the forces of the Serbian Autonomous Oblast (region) of Krajina under Knin police chief Milan Martić besieged the Croat-inhabited village of Kijevo in late April and early May 1991. The initial siege was lifted after negotiations that followed major protests in Split against the JNA.

The Golubić killings was the mass murder of at least 18 Serb civilians from the village of Golubić in the county of Šibenik-Knin County on 6 August 1995, by members of the Croatian Army (HV) during Operation Storm.

The Gošić kllings refers to the mass murder of elderly Serb civilians from the village of Gošić in Šibenik-Knin County by members of the Croatian Army (HV) on 27 August 1995, approximately three weeks after Operation Storm.

The Uzdolje killings was the mass murder of at least ten Croatian Serb civilians from the village of Uzdolje, near Knin on 6 August 1995 by members of the Croatian Army (HV) in the aftermath of Operation Storm.

The Grubori massacre was the mass murder of six Serb civilians from the village of Grubori, near Knin, on 25 August 1995 by members of the Croatian Army (HV) in the aftermath of Operation Storm. The massacre was listed in the ICTY's indictment of Croatian wartime generals Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač.

References

  1. ↑ "Croats Leave Bloody Trail of Serbian Dead". The Chicago Tribune. 9 October 1995. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  2. ↑ "Croatia Admits Serb Civilians Were Killed". Los Angeles Times. 3 October 1995. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  3. ↑ Za ratne zločine nad Srbima u Oluji niko osuđen | Dosije | Novosti.rs
  4. 1 2 Chris Hedges (5 October 1995). "9 Aged Serbs Found Slain In Croat Town". New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  5. ↑ Hoare, Attila Hoare (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 117. ISBN   978-1-139-48750-4.
  6. ↑ Hoare, Attila Hoare (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. ISBN   978-1-139-48750-4.
  7. ↑ "Roads Sealed as Yugoslav Unrest Mounts". The New York Times. Reuters. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  8. ↑ "The Prosecutor vs. Milan Martic – Judgement" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 12 June 2007.
  9. ↑ Hoare, Attila Hoare (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge University Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN   978-1-139-48750-4.
  10. ↑ Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building And Legitimation, 1918–2006. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 384–385. ISBN   978-0-253-34656-8.
  11. 1 2 Hoare, Attila Hoare (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN   978-1-139-48750-4.
  12. ↑ Engelberg, Stephen (3 March 1991). "Belgrade Sends Troops to Croatia Town". The New York Times.
  13. ↑ Sudetic, Chuck (2 April 1991). "Rebel Serbs Complicate Rift on Yugoslav Unity". The New York Times.
  14. 1 2 Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. London, England: Routledge. 1999. pp. 272–278. ISBN   978-1-85743-058-5.
  15. ↑ Bellamy, Christopher (10 October 1992). "Croatia built 'web of contacts' to evade weapons embargo". The Independent .
  16. ↑ Ferrari, Franco (2009). The CISG and its Impact on National Legal Systems. Walter de Gruyter. p. 93. ISBN   978-3-86653-729-3.
  17. ↑ Bjelajac, Mile; Žunec, Ozren (2009). "The War in Croatia, 1991–1995". In Charles W. Ingrao; Thomas Allan Emmert (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 249–250. ISBN   978-1-55753-533-7.
  18. ↑ Sudetic, Chuck (18 November 1991). "Croats Concede Danube Town's Loss". The New York Times.
  19. ↑ Marlise Simons (10 October 2001). "Milosevic, Indicted Again, Is Charged With Crimes in Croatia". New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
  20. ↑ "Milosevic: Important New Charges on Croatia". Human Rights Watch. 21 October 2001. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  21. ↑ "Croatia human rights practices, 1993; Section 2, part d". United States Department of State. 31 January 1994.
  22. 1 2 Sudetic, Chuck (3 January 1992). "Yugoslav Factions Agree to U.N. Plan to Halt Civil War". The New York Times.
  23. ↑ Williams, Carol J. (29 January 1992). "Roadblock Stalls U.N.'s Yugoslavia Deployment". Los Angeles Times .
  24. ↑ Armatta, Judith (2010). Twilight of Impunity: The War Crimes Trial of Slobodan Milosevic. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 197. ISBN   978-0-8223-4746-0.
  25. ↑ Thompson, Wayne C. (2012). Nordic, Central & Southeastern Europe 2012. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 417. ISBN   978-1-61048-891-4.
  26. ↑ Neven Crvenkovic (5 August 2005). "Home again, 10 years after Croatia's Operation Storm". UNHCR. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  27. 1 2 3 Opacic, Tamara (4 August 2020). "No Justice for Elderly Serbs Executed in Croatian Villages". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
  28. 1 2 Christiane Amanpour (4 October 1995). "Croats accused of atrocities against Serb civilians". CNN. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  29. ↑ "Croat army shelled civilians, report says". CNN. 21 March 1999. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  30. 1 2 3 Vesti online / Vesti / Ex YU / Hrvatska priznala masakr nad devetoro Srba u Varivodama
  31. ↑ "Gotovina - Indictment". ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 21 May 2001.
  32. ↑ "Judgement Summary for Gotovina et al" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 15 April 2011.
  33. 1 2 "Gotovina and Markac, IT-06-90-A" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 16 November 2012.
  34. ↑ Vrhovni sud: Hrvatska je odgovorna za zločin u Varivodama! - Hrvatska / Novi list
  35. ↑ Zorana Deljanin (23 January 2013). "Pravda za Varivode: Država mora platiti 540 tisuća kuna odštete djeci ubijenih srpskih civila!". Novi List. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  36. ↑ "Knin: Za ubistvo Srba 72.000 evra". Večernje Novosti. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  37. ↑ "EU backs Croatia to join in July as 28th member state". BBC. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  38. ↑ "Srušen spomen-križ žrtvama zločina u Varivodama". Slobodna Dalmacija. 23 April 2010.
  39. ↑ "Otkrivanje spomenika srpskim civilima u Varivodama". Vesti-online. Tanjug. 5 October 2010.
  40. ↑ "Kosor condemns vandalization of Serb memorial". B92.net. 24 April 2010. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014.
  41. ↑ "Spomen-obilježje stradalim srpskim civilima". vijesti.hrt.hr. 5 October 2010.
  42. ↑ "Naši rukometaši jedva pobijedili "liliputance" iz Litve". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 31 October 2010.
  43. ↑ "Croat president honors Serb victims". B92.net. 6 October 2010.
  44. ↑ "Josipović otkrio spomenik ubijenim srpskim civilima". Vesti-online. Večernji list. 5 October 2010.

43°58′N15°53′E / 43.967°N 15.883°E / 43.967; 15.883

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.