Law enforcement in Croatia is the responsibility of the Croatian Police (Croatian: Hrvatska policija), which is the national police force of the country subordinated by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, carrying out certain tasks, the so-called, police activities, laid down by law.[3]
The Police deals with the following affairs: protection of individual life, rights, security and integrity, protection of property, prevention and detection of criminal offences, misdemeanors, search for perpetrators of criminal offences, violations and their bringing before competent authorities, control and management of road traffic, conducting affairs with aliens, control and security of state border, and other affairs defined by law.[4]
In the operative sense, police affairs are divided into affairs related to public peace and order, affairs related to security of public gatherings, affairs of the border police, affairs of safety of road traffic, affairs of counter-explosive protection, affairs of the criminal police, crime-technical affairs, crime-files affairs, administrative affairs, nationality-related affairs, status questions and asylum, affairs of protection and rescue, inspection affairs and technical affairs.[4]
Police powers are actually a set of rights that the police can, under the conditions prescribed by law, use in certain situations.
With regard to their meaning, police powers are prescribed by the Police Act, namely by the method of exhaustive standardization (enumeration) and they are:
checking and establishing the identity of persons and objects,
summoning,
bringing,
searching for persons and objects,
temporary restriction of freedom of movement,
giving warnings and orders,
temporary confiscation of objects,
polygraph testing,
inspection of premises, premises, facilities and documentation,
inspection of persons, objects and means of transport,
security and inspection of the scene,
receipt of reports,
public announcement of awards,
filming in public places,
use of means of coercion,
protection of victims of crime and other persons,
collection, processing and use of personal data.
There are four points or situations when the police are allowed to open fire. The police may discharge their firearm in:[6]
necessary defence (protection of one's own life or the life of another person)
last resort (elimination of an impending unculpable danger to one's own and others' lives that cannot be eliminated otherwise),
preventing the escape or arrest of the perpetrator of a serious crime (acts punishable by at least 10 years)
preventing the escape of a person who has escaped from serving a prison sentence for which a prison sentence of at least ten years is prescribed, and the escape cannot be prevented in any other way.
Organization
Flag of Croatian Police
The General Police Directorate (Croatian: Ravnateljstvo policije) is an administrative organization of the Ministry of the Interior constituted for conducting police affairs. The General Police Directorate is responsible for:[3]
screening and analysis of the state of security and developments leading to the emergence and development of crime;
harmonization, guidance and supervision over the work of Police Directorates and Police Administrations;
immediate participation in particular more complex operations of Police Directorates and Police Administrations;
providing for the implementation of the international agreements on police cooperation and other international acts under the competence of the General Police Directorate;
organizing and conducting of criminal forensics operations;
setting the prerequisites for the efficient work of the Police Academy;
adopting of standards for the equipment and technical means;
setting the prerequisites for the police readiness to act in the state of emergency.
General Police Directorate is headed by General Police Director (Croatian: glavni ravnatelj policije).
There are the following organization forms within General Police Directorate:[7][3]
Command of Special Police (Zapovjedništvo specijalne policije)
Operational Communication Centre (Operativno–komunikacijski centar policije)
Forensic Centre (Centar za kriminalistička vještačenja)
Police Academy (Policijska akademija)
Special Security Affairs Directorate (Uprava za posebne poslove sigurnosti)
For immediate conducting of police affairs there are 20 Police Administrations (policijske uprave) divided into four categories, which cover the territory of the Republic of Croatia according to the organization of units of local self-government (counties or županije).
Police stations are established for direct police and other affairs in each Police Administration.
Border control
Croatia has had an external border with the Schengen area since the accession of the country to the EU. As part of the major migration movements from 2015, Croatia became part of the so-called Balkan route. The European Border Agency Frontex has a small mission in Croatia to assist the police at various border crossings. In July 2018 Frontex organized the air reconnaissance of the border with Bosnia with a reconnaissance aircraft as part of the Frontex 'Multipurpose Aerial Surveillance (MAS). The aircraft transmit moving images of remote sensing cameras in real time to the Frontex Situation Center (FSC) in Warsaw, Poland.[8] In 2023, Croatia became a Schengen Zone member state.
Critics
For several times NGOs report, that the Croatian police illegally and arbitrarily deport refugees to Bosnia-Herzegovina, i.e. from the EU (push-backs). It would come again and again to attacks by the Croatian officials on the refugees.[9][10][11]
Ranks
Regular Police (Temeljna policija)
Regular Police members
Probationer with Secondary School
Police college Cadet
Police Officer
Senior Police Officer
Police Sergeant
Senior Police Sergeant
Police Inspector
Senior Police Inspector
Leading Police Inspector
Chief Police Inspector
Police Commissioner
Police Senior Commissioner
Deputy Police Director
Police Director
Policajac vježbenik SSS
Policajac vježbenik VŠS/VSS
Policajac
Viši policajac
Policijski narednik
Viši policijski narednik
Policijski inspektor
Viši policijski inspektor
Samostalni policijski inspektor
Glavni policijski inspektor
Policijski savjetnik
Glavni policijski savjetnik
Zamjenik ravnatelja policije
Ravnatelj policije
Intervention Police (Interventna policija)
Intervention Police members
Police officer in intervention group
Leader of intervention group
Commander of a section in intervention Police
Commander of platoon in Intervention Police - Instructor
Assistant Commander of troop in Intervention Police
Commander of troop in Intervention Police
Deputy/Assistant Commander of Intervention Police unit
Commander of Intervention Police unit
Instructor in headquarters of Intervention Police
Assistant Commander of Intervention Police
Commander of Intervention Police
Policajac u interventnoj policiji
Vođa grupe u interventnoj policiji
Zapovjednik odjeljenja
Zapovjednik voda – instruktor
Pomoćnik zapovjednika satnije interventne policije
Most vehicles in the Croatian police fleet are acquired through leasing agreements, which typically last three to five years. This approach allows the Ministry of the Interior to maintain a modern and technologically up-to-date fleet without large upfront expenditures. At the end of each lease term, vehicles are returned and replaced with new models, resulting in frequent rotation of patrol cars, vans, and motorcycles. Leasing also often includes maintenance and service provisions, reducing operational burdens. Consequently, the police fleet is regularly updated with vehicles such as Škoda Octavia patrol cars, Ford Focus sedans, BMW motorcycles, and Mercedes-Benz or Volkswagen transport vans, ensuring consistent operational readiness across all police units.[12][13]
Ministry of Interior also operates a large number of unmarked vehicles assigned to government officials and for other uses, all in black variant and they are mostly Audi A8, Audi A6, Volkswagen Caravelle, Toyota Land Cruiser.
According to human rights organizations, Croatian police has been accused of overt and, generally unpunished, brutality. Amnesty international has issued a detailed report on the allegations of torture of refugees and migrants,[27] while the Human Rights Watch has criticized the organization impunity of violence and unlawful pushbacks at their borders.[28]
In 2021, the Border Violence Monitoring Network published a report into the use of torture and inhuman treatment during pushbacks by Croatian police.[29] They assert that:
87% of pushbacks carried out by Croatian authorities contained one or more forms of violence and abuse that we assert amounts to torture or inhuman treatment
Unmuzzled police dogs were encouraged by Croatian officers to attack people who were detained
Croatian officers forcibly undressed people, setting fire to their clothes and pushed them back across international borders in a complete state of undress
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