A visitors' center is a building often near a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) where missionaries teach visitors about the tenets of their faith and other community events are held. [1] Visitors' centers often include a replica of Bertel Thorvaldsen's Christus statue, exhibits, musical performances, devotionals, and a Family History Center (FHC).
In a revelation he said was received on January 19, 1841, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, was commanded to build the Nauvoo House a waypoint for travelers and immigrants and a place for them to learn about the church. [2] [3] [4] To construct the project stock was sold but the ownership remained under the Smith family. [5] The project was not completed before the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith and the 1847 Exodus from Nauvoo. [2] In later years, Emma Smith and Lewis C. Bidamon would complete the building as the Riverside Mansion. In 1909, it was bought by the Community of Christ and currently is lodging for tourists to Nauvoo. [3] [5]
The LDS Church published essays in the 1850s to explain the doctrine and logic behind polygamy, but they were received poorly and by the 1870s the church did not try to explain itself to anyone not interested in becoming a member. [6] When railroad tourism began to become popular in the 1870s, Salt Lake City became a popular tourist destination because of the natural tourist attractions like the Great Salt Lake, combined with negative and mostly false publicity associated with polygamy and perceived anti-American sentiment. [6] Between 1869 and 1890, the population of Salt Lake City decreased from church members being 90-95% of the population to about 50%. The new residents who were not church members would take visitors on carriage tours from the train station where the drivers would point out houses built for polygamous families and tell "yarns" about what went on inside the temple. [6] [7] Some tourists would stop to look in the windows of Lion House and make guesses on how many wives were home. [6]
In 1860, James Townsend, a polygamist church member, built a bed and breakfast called the Townsend House and offered tours of the city. [6] In 1875, Charles J. Thomas was made the first official guide to Temple Square. He primarily performed groundskeeping, but also gave tours of the Salt Lake Temple's construction site. [6] [8] In 1877, The Salt Lake Tribune published an editorial criticizing tourists to Salt Lake and compared their visits to Temple Square and Brigham Young's house with a visit to a Brothel in any other city. [6]
In 1887, William. S. McCornick, Patrick Lanahan, and Heber J. Grant founded the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce. In 1888, the organization published an open letter stating that the negative press was hurting investment in the state, and in 1890 spent $4,000 to counter negative press in the East. [6]
In 1893, LeRoi Snow, son of Lorenzo Snow, a future church president, stopped a tour and invited the group to meet his father and tour their house. [8] [7] This is said to be the origin of the first official efforts to proselyte in and around Temple Square. Active organized proselyting efforts towards tourists tourists began in 1902. [6]
The bureau of information was established in 1902 because church leadership recognized the need for clear information about the church in and around Temple Square. [9] It was right next to the south gate of Temple Square. [7] Local youth were recruited to give tours and provide information from a small booth under the direction of Ben Goddard. [7] In 1904, the booth was replaced by a brick building and in 1918 there was another renovation including a museum and a gift shop. [9] Over time the bureau began to publish their own pamphlets and distribute church supplies as well. [9]
In 1893, the LDS Church participated in the Chicago World Columbian Exposition to counter the negative press it received. [8] The church also participated in World's fairs in Dresden (1930), Chicago (1933-34), San Diego (1935-36), San Francisco (1939-40), and others. [8]
George Stanley McAllister Jr (1900-1970; a missionary in the church's Eastern States Mission from 1920-1923) had the idea for an LDS Pavilion while reading an article in The New York Times on August 10, 1959 about the upcoming 1964 New York World's Fair. [10] As president of the New York Stake in 1961, he approached LDS Church leaders with his idea. This coincided with the creation of the church's publicity department, the Church Information Service (CIS) and a church deficit of $9 million. [10] The church saw it as a good opportunity to proselyte and went forward with the site selection where the church was able to get a place next to one of the entrances. The site was dedicated on March 27, 1963 by George Harding Mortimer JD (1903-1998) with Harold B. Lee, Richard L. Evans and Delbert L. Stapley of Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in attendance. [11] In a stroke of luck for the church, the adjoining site was left empty and Irvin T. Nelson was able to design a garden that later won an award from the American Association of Nurserymen. [10] Overall, 51,607,307 people visited the fair, 6 million visited the LDS Pavilion, and 100,000 copies of the Book of Mormon were sold. The church attributed 1,030 baptisms in 1965 to contacts made through the pavilion. [12]
This was the first time where several themes used in later visitors' centers were introduced including: Thorvaldsen's Christus, Man's Search for Happiness, and missionary tour-guides. [8] [10] [13]
The church had a pavilion modeled after the golden plates made for Expo '74. [14] The local congregation created what was later to be known as the Mormon Expo choir for the event. They performed many times a week for the duration of the Expo and released an album entitled I Love Life. [15] During this time, July 18-26 was designated Mormon Events Week, the Tabernacle Choir the performed in the coliseum on July 18-19 to sold out audiences. [15] There was a large celebration on July 24 to commemorate Pioneer Day. The program featured church president, Spencer W. Kimball, and various dance performances from local youth. [15] [16] A special edition of the Book of Mormon was printed with a gold cover for the event. [17]
After the positive reception at the 1964 New York World's Fair, the church began to mirror visitors' centers similar to the Mormon Pavilion. Aspects from the design were piloted on Temple Square and then later used in visitors' centers at the Los Angeles California, Mesa Arizona, and Laie Hawaii temples, as well as Liberty Jail in Liberty, Missouri, and the Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial in Sharon, Vermont. [18]
The LDS Church began its annual tradition of lighting Temple Square with Christmas lights in 1965. [19] The first years included life-size displays of the manger and the inn, performances of Gian Carlo Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors, and a one night performance of Handel's Messiah. [19] The tradition spread to other temples including the Washington D. C. Temple in 1978 and Los Angeles in 1979. [20] [21] Church meetinghouses around the world began to similar Christmas lighting programs around the same time. [22]
This section only deals with the Christus as used by the LDS Church. For a complete history see Christus (statue).
The LDS Church's first replica of Thorvaldsen's Christus was a gift to the church by Stephen L Richards and placed in the North Visitors' Center. [23] [13] [24] Richards first saw the statue in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California and later saw the original in Copenhagen, Denmark in September 1950. In meetings around the construction of a new bureau of information and creation of a tour of Temple Square, he suggested that a copy of the Christus would clearly show that church members believe in Jesus Christ. [23] The statue was originally planned to be left outdoors, but because of concerns that the marble would deteriorate the statue was moved to the rotunda of the North Visitors' Center. [23]
Richards worked with Hubert Lewright Eaton (1891-1966) at Forest Lawn Memorial Park to commission a replica made by the workshop of Rebechi Aldo & Gualtiero in Pietrasanta, Italy from white Torrone Marble. [23] The statue was finished in January 1959, Richards died on May 19, and the statue arrived in Salt Lake City in June. [23] The replica was 11 feet 1/4 inch tall, weighed 12,000 lbs., and cost $10,000. [23] The statue was the focal point in the design of Temple Square's North Visitors' Center. [23]
Before the North Visitors' Center was completed, the church considered incorporating the statue into the 1964 New York World's Fair Mormon Pavilion. However, because the costs were so similar, the church had Rebechi Aldo & Gualtiero create another copy. [23] Initially some people were concerned that the statue would be worshipped as an Icon, but the fears were assuaged by people's behavior during the world fair. [23] After the fair, the statue was slated to end up in Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial, but ended up in the Los Angeles California Temple's Visitors' Center. [23]
Another smaller statue was commissioned for Expo '70 and after the fair was shipped to the visitors' center at the Hamilton New Zealand Temple. [23] Between 1979 and 1988, four more copies were made for visitors' centers in temples in Laie, Hawaii, Mesa, Arizona, Mexico City, and Washington D.C. [23] In 1990, 3-D Art, a fiberglass company in Kearns, Utah was asked by the church's Missionary Department to make a lighter weight replica of the Christus. [23] The first was sent to the Oakland California Temple Visitors' Center in 1992. [23] The fiberglass process was then used to make a traveling model that is sent around the world for temple open houses. Over time the statue became a clear symbol of the LDS Church and is used frequently in its visitors' centers. [23]
On April 4, 2020, church president Russell M. Nelson announced the Christus would become a part of the church's official symbol to emphasize "the centrality of the Savior." [25] [26]
The first use of museum-like exhibits was in the 1964 New York World's Fair Mormon Pavilion. [18] After the end of the World's Fair, the exhibits were taken and modified to fit visitors centers in temples in Los Angeles, California, Laie, Hawaii, and Mesa, Arizona; along with Temple Square, Liberty Jail, and the Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial. [18] Outdoor signs and advertisements were also made. [18]
The first visitors' center with completely bilingual exhibits is at the Mesa Arizona Temple. [27]
The first film to be used in a visitors' center was Man's Search for Happiness. The proselyting film explains the doctrines around Plan of Salvation and seeks to provide answers to the questions, "Where do I come from?" "What is the purpose of life?" and "Where do I go after I die?"
Musical performances play a significant role in the culture of the church. Musical performances were held in every major place that the church had its members from its organization to the present day. [28] Musical performances were and are held in the Salt Lake Tabernacle. [28]
The visitors' center was closed in 2018 and replaced by the Church History Centre and Museum. [29] [30] Jacinda Ardern, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, grew up around the Hamilton Temple and visitors' center. [31]
The Idaho Falls Temple Visitors' Center was originally a repurposed tool shed where tours of the temple construction site were coordinated from 1945-1960. [32] The building was replaced by a bureau of information dedicated by Henry D. Moyle on May 15, 1960. [32] The visitors' center was remodeled and expanded in 1983 to add two new theaters and exhibit rooms to teach about the Book of Mormon and Solomon's Temple. [32]
The center hosts guided tours and was named a 2022 TripAdvisor Travelers’ Choice award winner. [33] The visitors center has replica of the Christus, an exhibit about the teachings of the church's presidents, an exhibit about the purpose of temples, an exhibit called Temple by the River explaining a gallery with rotating exhibits, and a movie theater. [32] [34] [35] [36] The visitors center was rededicated by L. Tom Perry March 21, 2008. [32] The center hosted the Reflections of Christ traveling exhibit in May 2011. [37]
The Los Angeles Temple Bureau of Information began operating in the spring of 1955. [21] It turned into a visitors' center after a remodel after May 1966 where museums style exhibits were added. [12] The artwork and displays added were estimated at the time to cost $260,000. [38] The visitors' center includes a replica of the Christus statue carved by Aldo Rebachi for the 1964 New York World's Fair Mormon Pavillion. [39]
On March 9, 2020, the visitors' center hosted the fourth annual Women-In-Diplomacy Day with Reyna I. Aburto as the keynote speaker. [40]
The London England Temple Visitors' Center was first dedicated in 1969 by John Longden. [29] The center was renovated and rededicated in 2008, and then subsequently changed to a waiting area at the end of 2017. [29]
The Mesa Arizona Temple Visitors' Center was most recently renovated in 2021. [41] [42] [43] This redesign was tailored to fit the needs of the young adults in the area using several surveys and focus groups. [43] [27] This is the first visitors' center where all of the exhibits are in English and Spanish. [27] The redesign includes kitchens, meditation pods, and gathering rooms. [43] The center has exhibits that show the growth of the church in the White, Native American, and Hispanic communities while following the story of one of several people who belong to those communities. [43] The center also has a scale model of the Mesa Arizona Temple, coloring walls, and a play area for children. [43]
The visitors' center offers tours by missionaries in 10 languages. [44] The temple and visitors' center is rated as Trip Advisor's best thing to do in Oakland. [45]
The Portland Oregon Temple Visitors' Center is the only one located in the Pacific Northwest. It is located in a former Distribution Center (which was closed due to the opening of a nearby Deseret Book). The center was opened in 2012 and features a small movie theater, a Christus statue replica, and four displays. It contains both interior and exterior restrooms. [46]
Every December, the center hosts multiple Christmas concerts throughout the month.
The Rome Italy Temple Visitors' Center sits on a 15 acre-lot that also includes the temple, meetinghouse, FHC, and gardens. [47] [48]
One of the focal points of the center is a life size replica of the Christus, with the accompanying statues of the original apostles carved out of Carrara marble. [49] This is the same marble used to create the Parthenon, Pietà, and David. [50] Behind the statues, Joseph Brickley painted a mural. [51]
The dedication of the temple and the visitors' center was the first time in history that all 15 members of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were in the same place outside of the United States. [52] [53]
The São Paulo Brazil Temple Visitors' Center was the first in South America. [54] It was converted from patron housing and opened in January 2019. [55] [54] There are several exhibits, including one which chronicles the history of the church in Brazil. [56] As in most temple visitors' centers there is a replica of Thorvaldsen's Christus. [56]
This is not a complete treatment of the Salt Lake Temple and Temple Square. For more information see those pages.
In 1968, the North Visitors' Center was dedicated as part of efforts to make the area more appealing to visitors. [24] It contained several murals and displays with its main attraction being a copy of Thorvaldsen's Christus in a rotunda painted with a mural of the universe by Sidney King. [57] Other murals included a reproduction and expansion of a mural depicting Christ's ministry from the New York World's Fair Mormon Pavilion by Sidney King. [57]
In 1978, the Bureau of Information building was replaced by the South Visitors' Center. [7] [9]
In 2019, the Salt Lake Temple was closed for renovations. The new design was made to incorporate Temple Square and the Church Office Building plaza. [58] The area adjacent to the Church Office Building was designed to be a "contemplative garden space." [59]
The St. George Utah Temple Visitors' Center is located to the southeast of the temple. [60]
The Tokyo Japan Temple Visitors' Center opened January 5, 2022 as part of the temple's renovation which began in 2017. [61] [62] [63] The visitors center has two floors. The first floor gallery shows pictures of the inside of the temple and the second floor gallery is focused on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. [63] The annex that houses the visitors' center also contains a chapel, a mission office, and FHC. [64]
The Washington D.C. Temple Visitors' Center has interactive exhibits and a scale model of the temple. [65]
This is a list of all the church historic site visitors' centers.
The Church History Centre and Museum was built as part of renovations during the closure of the Church College of New Zealand. [30]
The Hyde Park Chapel in London is a chapel that also features a visitors' center.
The Park City Family Tree Center was located on 531 Main St in Park City, Utah. It opened as an amenity for the 2002 Winter Olympics and stayed open to serve the community around the Sundance Film Festival every January. [29] It had a full-sized realistic tree with computer workstations. [29] The center closed in 2018. [29] [67] The church sold the property for $2.6 million in 2021. [68] [69]
Temple Square is a 10-acre (4.0 ha) complex, owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in the center of Salt Lake City, Utah. The usage of the name has gradually changed to include several other church facilities that are immediately adjacent to Temple Square. Contained within Temple Square are the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument, and two visitors' centers. The square was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1964, recognizing the Mormon achievement in the settlement of Utah.
The Nauvoo Illinois Temple is the 113th dedicated temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is the third such temple that has been built in Illinois.
The Salt Lake Tabernacle, also known as the Mormon Tabernacle, is located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, in the U.S. state of Utah. The Tabernacle was built from 1863 to 1875 to house meetings for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was the location of the church's semi-annual general conference until the meeting was moved to the new and larger LDS Conference Center in 2000. Now a historic building on Temple Square, the Salt Lake Tabernacle is still used for overflow crowds during general conference. It is renowned for its remarkable acoustics and iconic pipe organ. The Tabernacle Choir has performed there for over 100 years.
Deseret Management Corporation (DMC) is an American operating company, managing select global, for-profit entities affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was established in 1966 by church president David O. McKay to hold already-existing church media assets. DMC companies provide content, services, and information through a diverse portfolio of companies, with the majority being media and communications brands.
The Mesa Arizona Temple is the seventh operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Located in the city of Mesa, Arizona, it is the first of the church's six temples built or planned in the state.
The St. George Utah Temple, formerly known as the St. George Temple, is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in St. George, Utah. Completed in 1877, it was the third temple constructed by the church and the first in Utah, following the westward migration of members from Nauvoo, Illinois, after the death of church founder Joseph Smith.
The Portland Oregon Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located on 7 acres (28,000 m2) of land near the intersection of Highway 217 and I-5 in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The intent to build the temple was announced on April 7, 1984 by church president Spencer W. Kimball, during the church's general conference. Dedicated in 1989, the Portland Oregon Temple was the church's first temple in Oregon and the 42nd in the church. Prior to its dedication by Gordon B. Hinckley, over 314,000 people attended the public open house.
Symbolism in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the process whereby objects or actions have been invested with an inner meaning expressing church ideas. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its membership have adopted a number of symbols that differ from those typically used in Christianity.
Below is a chronological list of temples of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with sortable columns. In the LDS Church, a temple is a building dedicated to be a House of the Lord and considered by church members to be the most sacred struct ures on earth. Upon completion, temples are usually open to the public for a short period of time, and then each is dedicated as a "House of the Lord," after which only members with a current temple recommend are permitted to enter. Thus, they are not churches or meetinghouses, but rather specialized places of worship. The LDS Church has 350 temples in various phases, which includes 189 dedicated temples, 52 under construction, and 109 others announced. Within temples, members of the LDS Church make covenants, receive instructions, and perform rituals and ordinances. Additionally, members consider the temple a place to commune with God, seek God's aid, understand God's will, and receive personal revelation.
The Rome Italy Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Rome, Italy. The temple serves church members in Italy, as well as Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and parts of Romania. Thomas S. Monson, the LDS Church's president, initially announced the temple in 2008, a groundbreaking took place in 2010, and the temple opened after its dedication in 2019.
In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a temple is a building dedicated to be a House of the Lord. Temples are considered by church members to be the most sacred structures on earth.
The Provo City Center Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on the same site as the former Provo Tabernacle in Provo, Utah. Completed in 2016, the temple utilizes much of the external shell of the tabernacle, all that remained of the original building after a fire in December 2010.
Christus is an 1833 white Carrara marble statue of the resurrected Jesus by Bertel Thorvaldsen located in the Church of Our Lady, an Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was commissioned as part of a larger group, which includes 11 of the original 12 apostles and Paul the Apostle.
The Kanesville Tabernacle was a large, hastily constructed log building in Council Bluffs, Iowa that was created specifically for the event of the reorganization of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in late 1847.
The Layton Utah Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints under construction in Layton, Utah. The intent to construct the temple was announced by church president Russell M. Nelson on April 1, 2018, during the 188th annual general conference. The Layton Utah Temple was announced concurrently with 6 other temples. At the time, the number of total operating or announced temples was 189. When completed, it will be the 19th temple in Utah and the second temple in Davis County.
General Conference is a gathering of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, held biannually every April and October at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. During each conference, church members gather in a series of two-hour sessions to listen to the faith's leaders. It consists of five general sessions. From April 2018 to April 2021, the priesthood session was held during the April conference, with a General Women's Session held during October's conference. The Saturday evening session was changed to a general session in October 2021. The conference also generally includes training sessions for general and area leaders. Although each general conference originates from Salt Lake City, the conference is considered an international event for the church. The sessions are broadcast worldwide in over 90 languages, primarily through local and international media outlets, and over the Internet.
The Mormon Trail Center at Winter Quarters is a museum and visitors' center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in the Florence neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The museum interprets the story of the Mormon Trail along with the history of a temporary Mormon settlement known as Winter Quarters, which was located in the Florence area between 1846–1848.
The architecture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints includes the design and use of the church's temples, meetinghouses, historic sites, and other buildings and facilities. The LDS Church is known for its unique and often imposing architecture. The church's architecture differs based on the uses of individual buildings and varies in style throughout the world.
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