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Mumbai controls several dams in Shahapur Taluka (Thane district) that deliver water to the City and Suburban areas. The Western Ghats trap most of the moisture laiden monsoon clouds which feed these dammed rivers. Currently, these dams/ lakes deliver approximately 3.4 billion litres of water to Mumbai City and Suburban areas daily. Here are the dams/ lakes supplying the city the water it needs to survive:
Dam [1] | Year [2] | Capacity (Million Litres) | Overflow Level (Metres) [3] |
---|---|---|---|
Vihar Lake | 1860 & 1872 | 25,698 | 80.42 |
Tulsi Lake | 1872 | 8,046 | 139.17 |
Tansa | 1892 (Stage-I) 1915 (Stage-II) 1925 (Stage-III) 1948 (Stage-IV) | 145,080 | 128.63 |
Modak Sagar (Lower Vaitarna) | 1954 & 1957 | 128,925 | 163.15 |
Upper Vaitarana | 1972 | 227,047 | 603.51 |
Bhatsa | 1980 to 2007 | 717,037 | 142.07 |
Middle Vaitarna [4] | 2014 | 193,530 | 285.00 |
Tansa and Vaitarna dams supply the Southern region of Mumbai, while the rest supply the suburbs. An underground tank in Malabar Hills is used to store the water.
Powai Lake is an artificial lake, situated in Mumbai, in the Powai valley, where a Powai village with a cluster of huts existed. The city suburb called Powai shares its name with the lake. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, one of the premier institutions of science and technology in India, is located to the east of the lake. Another famous institution, the National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), is also located close to the lake. Housing complexes and plush hotels are developed all around the lake periphery. Population around the lake has thus substantially increased over the years.
Powai is a residential suburb located in central Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is situated on the banks of Powai Lake, and is bound by the hills of Vikhroli Parksite to the south-east, Chandivali to the south-west, the L.B.S. Marg to the north-east and the Sanjay Gandhi National Park to the north beyond the lake. The Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road, one of the city's busiest thoroughfares linking the western and eastern suburbs, passes through Powai. The place also hosts thousands of devotees every year during the Ganesh Chaturthi festival for the visarjan processions.
Thane district is a district in the Konkan Division of Maharashtra, India. At the 2011 Census it was the most populated district in the country, with 11,060,148 inhabitants; however, in August 2014 the district was split into two with the creation of a new Palghar district, leaving the reduced Thane district with a 2011 census population of 8,070,032. The headquarters of the district is the city of Thane. Other major cities in the district are Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayander, Bhiwandi, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath, Badlapur, Murbad and Shahapur.
Tulsi Lake is a fresh water lake in northern Mumbai. It is stated to be the second largest lake in Mumbai and supplies part of the city's potable water. This is one of the three lakes located in the Salsette Island; the other two being Powai Lake and Vihar Lake. Both Tulsi lake and Vihar lake are located within the densely forested Sanjay Gandhi National Park or also known popularly as the Borivali National Park (BNP).
Vihar Lake is located near Vihar village on the Mithi River within the precincts of the Borivali National Park, also called the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, in North Mumbai. When built in 1860, it was considered as the largest lake in Mumbai in the Salsette group of islands. It is hemmed between the Tulsi Lake and the Powai Lake. It partly meets the drinking water needs of the Mumbai region. It supplies only 3% of the Mumbai city's water requirement, after filtration at Bhandup where the large water filtration plant is located.
Virar is a coastal city in Palghar district, Maharashtra. The northern third of the city of Vasai-Virar, it is administered by Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation. It lies in the south part of Palghar district, and north to the city of Mumbai. It is an important part of Palghar District because Palghar is the outermost part of northern side of Mumbai Metropolitan Region and comes under Police Jurisdiction of Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.
Lake Parramatta is a heritage-listed man-made reservoir and a recreational area located in North Parramatta, City of Parramatta, in the Western Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia. The masonry arch-walled dam across Hunts Creek was completed in 1856 to supply water for domestic purposes; and was operational until 1909. The dam has since been decommissioned and the lake and the surrounding nature reserve are a popular recreational area.
The Daman Ganga also called the Dawan River is a river in western India. The river's headwaters are on the western slope of the Western Ghats range, and it flows west into the Arabian Sea. The river flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat states, as well as the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The industrial towns of Vapi, Dadra and Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river, and the town of Daman occupies both banks of the river's mouth.
The Vaitarna River is a river in Nashik and Palghar district of Maharashtra. The Tansa is its left bank tributary and the Pinjal, Dehraja, and Surya are its right bank tributaries. Upper stretches of the Vaitarna are clean but in lower stretches it is polluted due to untreated industrial and civic waste. The Vaitarna is one of the most polluted rivers in India.
The word Maharashtra, the land of the mainly Marathi-speaking people, appears to be derived from Maharashtri, an old form of Prakrit. Some believe that the word indicates that it was the land of the Mahars and the Rattas, while others consider it to be a corruption of the term 'Maha Kantara', a synonym for 'Dandakaranya'. Maharashtra is the third largest state in India after Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It covers an area of 307,713 km2 and is bordered by the states of Madhya Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Telangana to the southeast, Karnataka to the south and Goa to the southwest. The state of Gujarat lies to the northwest, with the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli sandwiched between the borders. Maharashtra has coastline of 720 km.The Arabian Sea makes up Maharashtra's west coast. Maharashtra consists of two major relief divisions. The plateau is a part of the Deccan tableland and the Konkan coastal strip abutting on the Arabian Sea.
Khardi is a town in the Thane district, of Maharashtra. It is also a station on the Mumbai Suburban Railway system on the Central line route between Kalyan and Kasara.
Little Seneca Lake is a reservoir located near the Boyds community in Montgomery County, Maryland.
The Middle Vaitarna Dam is a notable dam located in Maharashtra, India. With a height of 84 metres (276 ft), it is the third tallest dam in the state and is constructed using roller compacted concrete.
Vasai-Virar is an agglomeration of four previously governed municipal councils: Vasai (Bassein), Virar, Nallasopara and Navghar-Manikpur, as well as a few towns to the east and west of the urban area. It lies in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India.The twin city of Vasai-Virar is a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) and Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.
Vaitarna Dam, also called Modaksagar Dam, is a Gravity dams on Vaitarna river which supplies water to Palghar, Mumbai, but located in Palghar & Nashik district in the state of Maharashtra in India. It was opened in 1957.
Upper Vaitarana Dam, is an earthfill and gravity dam on west flowing Vaitarna river near Igatpuri, Nashik district of Maharashtra state in India. The reservoir created by this dam spreads on both Vaitarna and Godavari rivers catchment area.
Modak Sagar is a lake located in Thane district on the Vaitarna River. It has an overflow level of 163.15 meters, making it the second largest of the lakes supplying water to the city of Mumbai.
Palghar District is a district in the state of Maharashtra in Konkan Division. The headquarters of the district is the town of Palghar. Other major cities in the district are Vasai-Virar, Talasari, Jawhar and Dahanu.
Tandulwadi Fort is located near Saphale, 104 km north of Mumbai. Tandulwadi is not a fully built up fort, but a series of structures spread over the top of the mountain. The fort dates back 800 years and was primarily used as a watch tower over the surrounding plains. At a height of 1524 feet, it has views of the surrounding towns of Saphale, the Zanzorli lake, and the confluence of the Surya and Vaitarna rivers.
The Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Shahapur and Bhiwandi taluka of Thane district and Wada taluka of Palghar district. The sanctuary is spread over an area of 320 square km. This sanctuary is spread around the catchment area of Tansa, Vaitarna and Modak Sagar lakes which are major source of water to the Mumbai, Thane and Bhiwandi cities. There are about 60 villages in the sanctuary area. The forest area is hilly with dense patches of forest.