Xanthomendoza oregana

Last updated

Xanthomendoza oregana
Xanthomendoza oregana - Flickr - pellaea.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Xanthomendoza
Species:
X. oregana
Binomial name
Xanthomendoza oregana
(Gyeln.) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Synonyms [1] [2]
  • Xanthoria oreganaGyeln. (1934)
  • Xanthomendoza poeltii(S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
  • Oxneria oregana(Gyeln.) S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt (2003)
  • Gallowayella oregona(Gyeln.) S.Y.Kondr., Fedorenko, S.Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A.Thell (2012)

Xanthomendoza oregana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [3] It forms an orange to bright-yellow thallus with ascending lobes that gives it the overall appearance of a tuft. The lichen occurs in western Europe and western North America.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first scientifically described in 1932 by the Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik, who classified it in the genus Xanthoria . The type specimen was collected in 1932 from Corvallis, Oregon, where it was found growing on maple. Frank Sipe, a botany professor in Oregon, had sent Gyelnik lichen specimens for study. [4] Ulrik Søchting, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Sergey Kondratyuk transferred the taxon to Xanthomendoza in 2003 as part of a revision of that genus. [5] It has also been proposed for inclusion in the genera Oxneria (in 2003) [6] and Gallowayella (in 2012). [7] In the latter instance, the proposed name "Gallowayella oregona" was not validly published because of errors with the citation of the basionym. [8]

Xanthomendoza poeltii, described by Kondratyuk and Kärnefelt as a new European species in 1997, [9] was synonymised with X. oregana in 2014 based on DNA analysis. [2]

Description

Xanthomendosa oregana has a bright yellow to orange upper surface. The lobes of this lichen, which are the leaf-like or flattened branches that make up its thallus, tend to lie flat against the surface they grow on but can also rise up slightly. These lobes are generally smooth, though they can sometimes have a slightly wrinkled appearance. A key characteristic of Xanthomendosa oregana is the formation of marginal or near the edge structures known as blastidia , which are involved in asexual reproduction. [2] Rhizines are scattered on the underside, either free or attached to the substrate . [10]

Apothecia (fruiting bodies), which are typically disc-shaped and produce spores, are not commonly found in this species. However, when they do occur, they can be quite numerous on certain individual lichens. Another feature of Xanthomendosa oregana is the frequent presence of pycnidia, which are tiny, flask-shaped structures that produce asexual spores (conidia). The conidia in these pycnidia vary in shape, ranging from ellipsoid to bacilliform (rod-like). [2] Its distribution of secondary metabolites (lichen products) corresponds to the chemosyndrome  A previously elaborated by Søchting. [11]

Habitat and distribution

Xanthomendoza oregana is part of a biogeographical group that is found in both western Europe and western North America, known as the western Europe–western North America disjunct biogeographical element. In the western regions of North America, particularly in the Pacific oceanic and suboceanic areas, Xanthomendoza oregana is quite widespread. In Europe, this species has been identified in several countries, though it was previously reported under a different name (X. poeltii). It has been observed in Hungary, Germany, Denmark, southern Sweden, and southern Norway. The full extent of its geographical distribution remains somewhat unclear. [2]

Unlike many other lichens and bryophytes that share this transatlantic distribution, Xanthomendoza oregana primarily inhabits lowland temperate areas. It typically grows on deciduous trees, often in open spaces. In southern Sweden, for example, it is commonly found on trees in parks and churchyards, indicating its preference for semi-urban environments where there is sufficient light and air circulation. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Rusavskia elegans</i> Species of lichenised fungus

Rusavskia elegans, commonly known as the elegant sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus Rusavskia, family Teloschistaceae. Recognized by its bright orange or red pigmentation, this species grows on rocks, often near bird or rodent perches. It has a circumpolar and alpine distribution. It was one of the first lichens to be used for the rock-face dating method known as lichenometry.

<i>Gallowayella</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gallowayella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Natalya Fedorenko, Soili Stenroos, Ingvar Kärnefelt, Jack Elix, and Arne Thell, with Gallowayella coppinsii assigned as the type species. The generic name honours New Zealand lichenologist David John Galloway (1942–2014).

Ovealmbornia is a monotypic genus of mostly foliose lichen species in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It now only contains one known species, Ovealmbornia reginae as others were classed as synonyms of other species in the same family.

Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.

<i>Gallowayella hasseana</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella hasseana, the poplar sunburst lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.

Jackelixia whinrayi is a lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described in 2007 by Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt as Xanthoria whinrayi, but was transferred to the genus Jackelixia in 2009 by Kondratyuk, Natalya M. Fedorenko, Soili Kristina Stenroos, Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

<i>Rusavskia</i> Genus of lichens

Rusavskia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species. It is a member of the subfamily Xanthorioideae. The thallus of Rusavskia is characterized by its foliose (leaf-like) structure with distinct and typically narrow lobes that curve outwards.

<i>Martinjahnsia</i> Species of lichen

Martinjahnsia is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the sole species Martinjahnsia resendei, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen.

<i>Gallowayella fulva</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella fulva is a species of foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first scientifically described in 1796 by German lichenologist Georg Franz Hoffmann, who classified it as a member of genus Lobaria. It has also been classified in the genera Oxneria, Xanthomendoza and Xanthoria in its taxonomic history. Sergey Kondratyuk and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Gallowayella in 2012, based on a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of some genera in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of family Teloschistaceae. In North America, one vernacular name for the species is the bare-bottomed sunburst lichen.

Xanthoria yorkensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in South Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen, collected along the Maitland road in Yorke Peninsula, was found growing on Melaleuca trees in mallee scrub. The species epithet refers to its type locality, the only place the lichen is known to occur. Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed to transfer the taxon to the newly circumscribed Jackelixia in 2009, but this genus has not been widely accepted by other authorities.

Xanthoria kangarooensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen was collected from East Kangaroo Island, where it was found growing on dead Lycium ferocissimum shrubs. Other associated lichens include species of Pyxine, Ramalina, and Rinodina. The species epithet kangarooensis refers to its type locality, the only place the lichen is known to occur. Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed to transfer the taxon to the newly circumscribed Jackelixia in 2009, but this genus has not been widely accepted by other authorities.

<i>Gallowayella montana</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella montana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Verrucoplaca is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the single species Verrucoplaca verruculifera, a widely distributed saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that grows on coastal rocks.

Xanthocarpia jerramungupensis is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and John Elix; they classified it in the genus Caloplaca. The type specimen was collected from Jerramungup, Western Australia, where it was found growing among scrub on sandy soil. The species epithet refers to the type locality, which, at the time of its original publication, was the only known location of this lichen. Kondratyuk and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Xanthocarpia in 2013, as part of comprehensive molecular phylogenetics-led restructuring of the Teloschistaceae.

<i>Gallowayella weberi</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella weberi is a species of corticolous and saxicolous, foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in the eastern United States, it is a small lichen with a smooth yellow to orange upper surface and a contrasting white lower surface.

Honeggeria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Honeggeria rosmarieae, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen found in the United States. Characteristic features of the lichen include its isidia-like soredia, rhizines that are relatively broad and short, slender ascospores, and a rudimentary true exciple with a textura intricata tissue structure.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Xanthomendoza oregana (Gyeln.) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.Y. Kondr., Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 30-32: 237 (2002)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lindblom, Louise; Blom, Hans H. (2014). "Xanthomendoza poeltii is a synonym of X. oregana (Teloschistaceae, lichen-forming ascomycetes)". The Lichenologist. 46 (6): 829–832. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000413.
  3. ↑ "Xanthomendoza". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  4. ↑ Gyelnik, V. (1934). "Lichenes Sipeani ex Oregon" (PDF). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (in German). 28: 278–284 [284].
  5. ↑ Søchting, U.; Kärnefelt, I.; Kondratyuk, S.Y. (2002). "Revision of Xanthomendoza (Teloschistaceae, Lecanorales) based on morphology, anatomy, secondary metabolites and molecular data". Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg. 30–32: 225–240.
  6. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2003). "Revision of three natural groups of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota)". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 60 (4): 427–437.
  7. ↑ Fedorenko, Natalya M.; Stenroos, Soili; Thell, Arne; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Hur, Jae-Seoun; Kondratyuk, Sergij Y. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), with notes on their morphology". In Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Thell, Arne (eds.). Systematics, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichens. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 108. J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 45–64. ISBN   978-3-443-58087-2.
  8. ↑ "Record Details: Gallowayella oregona (Gyeln.) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell [as 'oregana'], in Fedorenko, Stenroos, Thell, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & Kondratyuk, Biblthca Lichenol. 108: 57 (2012)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  9. ↑ Kondratyuk, Sergey; Kärnefelt, Ingvar (1997). "Notes on Xanthoria Th. Fr. II. Xanthoria poeltii, a new lichen species from europe". The Lichenologist. 29 (5): 425–430. doi:10.1006/lich.1997.0086.
  10. ↑ Lindblom, Louise; Blom, Hans H.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "The genus Xanthomendoza in Norway" (PDF). Graphis Scripta. 31 (7): 54–75.
  11. ↑ Søchting, Ulrik (1997). "Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 68: 135–144.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.