Xevioso (spider)

Xevioso
X. orthomeles
male X. amica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Phyxelididae
Genus:	Xevioso Lehtinen, 1967 [1]
Type species
X. tuberculata (Lawrence, 1939)
Species
11, see text

Xevioso is a genus of African araneomorph spiders in the family Phyxelididae, and was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. ^[2] The genus is named after Xevioso, a god of thunder in Ewe and Dahomean religion.

Description

See also: Glossary of spider terms

Xevioso spiders have a total length ranging from 3.5 to 11 mm. The body is densely covered with setae. The carapace is slightly longer than wide, with a long thoracic fovea that is usually deep and narrowed posteriorly. The anterior eye row is recurved while the posterior eye row is straight. The sternum is long with sides that are angled to sinuate, a narrowed base, and an apex that is blunt to a right angle rather than pointed. The labium length is usually greater than its width. ^[3]

The abdomen dorsum displays variable markings, while the venter has paired longitudinal bands that range from narrow to absent. The legs follow the formula 1423, with markings that are either uniform or have darkened metatarsi and tarsus on legs I and II. In males, metatarsus I is either unmodified or bears a median prodorsal process and prolateral concavity. Metatarsi III and IV, and usually II, possess apical pro- and retroventral preening combs. ^[3]

Habitat and ecology

Spiders in this genus construct ground retreat-webs and represents cryptic spiders that inhabit damp and dark environments. These are among the most common cribellate spiders found in coastal dune forests and swamp forests, where they are typically collected beneath rocks, logs, and tree bark. The genus is sampled from the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt and Savanna biomes. ^[3]

Species

As of September 2025 ^[update] it contains eleven species, found only in Africa: ^[1]

• Xevioso amica Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
• Xevioso aululata Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
• Xevioso cepfi Pett & Jocqué, 2020 – Mozambique
• Xevioso colobata Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
• Xevioso jocquei Griswold, 1990 – Malawi
• Xevioso kulufa Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
• Xevioso lichmadina Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
• Xevioso megcummingae Pett & Jocqué, 2020 – Malawi, Zimbabwe
• Xevioso orthomeles Griswold, 1990 – Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa
• Xevioso tuberculata (Lawrence, 1939) (type) – South Africa
• Xevioso zuluana (Lawrence, 1939) – South Africa

See also

• List of Phyxelididae species

References

1. "Gen. Xevioso Lehtinen, 1967". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2 . Retrieved 2025-09-24.
2. Lehtinen, P. T. (1967). "Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 4: 199–468.
3. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N. (2021). South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide: The Phyxelididae of South Africa 2021 version 1. p. 38. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5176739 . Retrieved 24 September 2025.  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

External links

• Citizen science observations for Xevioso at iNaturalist