Yellowtail rockfish | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
Family: | Scorpaenidae |
Genus: | Sebastes |
Species: | S. flavidus |
Binomial name | |
Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862) | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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The yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus), or yellowtail seaperch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. This species lives mainly off the coast of western North America from California to Alaska.
The yellowtail rockfish was first formally described as Sebastodes flavidus in 1862 by the American ichthyologist William Orville Ayres with the type locality given as San Francisco, California. [2] Some authorities place this species in the subgenus Sebastosomus. The specific name flavidus means “yellowish”, thought to be a reference to the “yellowish green” colour on the flanks, which Ayres said easily differentiates this species “as they lie in heaps upon the fish-stalls” from the “closely allied” black rockfish (S. melanops) Some authorities suggest that the name refers to the “bright yellow tail,” but the tail was not described by Ayres. [3]
The yellowtail rock fish has an elongate and compressed body which has a depth of around one-third of its of standard length. The head is comparatively short with a small mouth, positioned terminally and large eyes. [4] It does not have robust spines on the head and those present are only the nasal spines while the preocular and parietal spines are typically absent and the supraocular, postocular, tympanic, coronal and nuchal spines are always absent. There are 13 spines and 14-16 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 7-9 soft rays in the anal fin. There may be an obvious knob on the symphysis of the lower jaw. This species attains a maximumtotal length of 66 cm (26 in) and a maximum total weight of 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). [1] The overall color of the body is dark brown or greenish-brown with some of pale or bright white blotches immediately underneath the dorsal fins, fading to white below the lateral line. The caudal fin is vivid yellow and the rest of the fins are dusky yellow. The body darkens and becomes uniformly olive green and the blotches fade following capture although some reddish-brown speckling is often still present on the rear margin of each scale. [5]
The yellowtail rockfish occurs from San Quintin, Baja California, [4] to Kodiak Island, Alaska. This species commonly occurs over deep reefs from the surface to depths of 549 m (1,801 ft). [6] The juveniles are often found around floats and pilings. [1]
Yellowtail rockfish attain sexual maturity when they are between three and five years old. and may live for up to 50 years. The females can produce between 50,000 and 600,000 eggs, larger females having greater fecundity. They are ovoviviparous, the eggs are fertilised internally and the females give birth to live larvae. The adults feed on shellfish, such as shrimp, and small forage fish, such as anchovies. A unique feature of this species is that it can release gas from its swimbladder and this means that when they are caught from deep they are able to avoid barotrauma that would be fatal to other fishes. [6]
A potential PCR-RFLP genetic sex marker developed for gopher rockfish [7] does not successfully distinguish male and female yellowtail rockfish. [8]
Separate stock assessments for yellowtail rockfish in the waters off British Columbia, and the West Coast of the United States north of Cape Mendocino have estimated the stock as healthy (above the management limits) with overfishing not occurring. [9] [10] Yellowtail rockfish in the Gulf of Alaska were included in an "Other Rockfish" stock complex which was also estimated as not experiencing overfishing. [11] The stock of yellowtail rockfish south of Cape Mendocino are estimated to be genetically distinct from those further north, but insufficient information was available to estimate the status of the stock in this area. [9]
Nutrition information for yellowtail rockfish is as follows. [12]
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The gopher rockfish, also known as the gopher sea perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the eastern Pacific, primarily off California.
The blue rockfish or blue seaperch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from northern Baja California to central Oregon.
The China rockfish, the yellowstripe rockfish or yellowspotted rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is native to the waters of the Pacific Ocean off western North America.
The canary rockfish, also known as the orange rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is native to the waters of the Pacific Ocean off western North America.
The shortraker rockfish is an offshore, demersal species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northern Pacific Ocean.
The bocaccio rockfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae, It is found in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
The shortspine thornyhead, also known as the channel rockcod, shortspine channel rockfish or spinycheek rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is sometimes referred to as the "idiot fish" or "idiot cod" due to its large oversized head and eyes. It is found in the northern and northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Sebastes levis, the cowcod or cow rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The widow rockfish, or brown bomber, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Sebastes goodei, the chilipepper rockfish and chilipepper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. This species lives mainly off the coast of western North America from Baja California to Vancouver.
The yelloweye rockfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae and one of the biggest members of the genus Sebastes. Its name derives from its coloration. It is also locally known as "red snapper", not to be confused with the warm-water Atlantic species Lutjanus campechanus that formally carries the name red snapper. The yelloweye is one of the world's longest-lived fish species, and is cited to live to a maximum of 114 to 120 years of age. As they grow older, they change in color, from reddish in youth, to bright orange in adulthood, to pale yellow in old age. Yelloweye live in rocky areas and feed on small fish and other rockfish. They reside in the East Pacific and range from Baja California to Dutch Harbor in Alaska.
The black rockfish, also known variously as the black seaperch, black bass, black rock cod, sea bass, black snapper and Pacific Ocean perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is sometimes misidentified as the "red snapper".
Sebastes chrysomelas, commonly known as the black-and-yellow rockfish, is a marine fish species of the family Sebastidae. It is found in rocky areas in the Pacific off California and Baja California. Although it is similar in appearance to the China rockfish, the black-and-yellow rockfish lacks the China's long yellow streak. The China rockfish has a continuous yellow band while the black-and-yellow rockfish only has scattered patches of yellow across its body.
Sebastes aurora, the aurora rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Sebastes diploproa, the splitnose rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Sebastes elongatus, the greenstriped rockfish, striped rockfish, strawberry rockfish, poinsettas, reina or serena, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Sebastes ovalis, the speckled rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in deep rocky areas of the Eastern Pacific.
Sebastes rubrivinctus, also known as the flag rockfish, Spanish flag, redbanded rockfish or barberpole, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the Eastern Pacific.
Sebastes serranoides, the olive rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the Eastern Pacific.
Sebastes melanostictus, the blackspotted rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northern Pacific Ocean.