Yuanzheng-1

Last updated
Yuanzheng-1 [1]
Manufacturer CALT
Country of origin China
Used on Long March 3B and Long March 3C fourth stage [1]
Associated stages
Comparable Fregat
Launch history
StatusActive
Total launches15
Successes
(stage only)		15
Failed0
Lower stage
failed		0
First flight2015-03-30
BDS I1-S Mission
Engine details
Engines1 × YF-50D [1] [2]
Thrust6.5 kN (1,500 lbf) [1]
Specific impulse 315.5 seconds [1]
Fuel N2O4 / UDMH [1]

The Yuanzheng-1 (YZ-1) (Chinese :远征一号; pinyin :Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào; literally: "Expedition One") is a restartable rocket upper stage developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) used as a fourth stage to enable the Long March 3B and Long March 3C launch vehicles to deploy payloads directly to high energy orbits like medium Earth orbit (MEO) and geostationary orbit (GSO). Since the Long March third stage cannot restart, it cannot circularize a GSO orbit from a geostationary transfer orbit. The YZ-1 was designed for restart capability, and to remain operational for more than 6 hours required to reach the transfer orbit apogee for the circularization burn. The YZ-1 enabled the deployment of satellite pairs for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and communications satellites directly to their orbits. This eliminates the need for the spacecraft to include a Liquid Apogee Engine or apogee kick motor. [3]

Chinese language family of languages

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases not mutually intelligible, language varieties, forming the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the Han majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language.

Hanyu Pinyin, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Mandarin Chinese, which is normally written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones. Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters.

The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) is the premier space launch vehicle manufacturer in China and one of the major launch service providers in the world. CALT is a subordinate of the larger China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). It was established in 1957 and is headquartered in the southern suburbs of Beijing.

Contents

The YZ-1 has a thrust of 6.5 kN (1,500 lbf) with a specific impulse of 315.5 seconds. It uses the storable hypergolic propellants unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), and can perform at least two burns within its rated life of 6.5 hours. [4]

Specific impulse is a measure of how effectively a rocket uses propellant or a jet engine uses fuel. By definition, it is the total impulse delivered per unit of propellant consumed and is dimensionally equivalent to the generated thrust divided by the propellant mass flow rate or weight flow rate. If mass is used as the unit of propellant, then specific impulse has units of velocity. If weight is used instead, then specific impulse has units of time (seconds). Multiplying flow rate by the standard gravity (g0) converts specific impulse from the mass basis to the weight basis.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2. It is a colorless liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammoniacal smell typical for organic amines. Samples turn yellowish on exposure to air and absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide. It mixes completely with water, ethanol, and kerosene. In concentration between 2.5% and 95% in air, its vapors are flammable. It is not sensitive to shock. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (CH3NHNHCH3) is also known but is not as useful.

Dinitrogen tetroxide chemical compound

Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide.

History

Little is known at the time regarding this stage. Besides the basic characteristics, it is known that there will be a second version specifically designed for the Long March 5 called Yuanzheng-2. It was presented in a 2013 paper. [3] And had its first flight on May 30th, 2015. The debut flight of the Long March 7 included an improved version of the small diameter version called Yuanzheng-1A. [5]

Long March 5 Chinese next-generation heavy lift launch system

Long March 5 is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~25,000 kilograms (55,000 lb) to LEO and ~14,000 kilograms (31,000 lb) to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy.

The Long March 7, or Chang Zheng 7 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed “Ice Arrow”（Chinese:冰箭）, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It made its inaugural flight on June 25, 2016.

Date (UTC)Carrier RocketStage ModelLaunch siteMissionResult
2015-03-30
13:52		 Long March 3C YZ-1 Xichang BDS I1-S Success
2015-07-25
12:29		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS M1-S / BDS M2-S Success
2016-02-01
07:29		 Long March 3C YZ-1 Xichang BDS M3-S Success
2016-06-25
12:00		 Long March 7 YZ-1A Wenchang Inaugural MissionSuccess
2016-11-3
12:43		 Long March 5 YZ-2 Wenchang Inaugural MissionSuccess
2017-11-5
11:45		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M1
BDS-3 M2 		Success
2018-01-11
23:18		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M7
BDS-3 M8 		Success
2018-02-12
05:03		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M3
BDS-3 M4 		Success
2018-03-29
17:56		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M9
BDS-3 M10 		Success
2018-07-29
01:48		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M5
BDS-3 M6 		Success
2018-08-24
23:52		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M11
BDS-3 M12 		Success
2018-09-19
14:07		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M13
BDS-3 M14 		Success
2018-10-09
02:43		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Jiuquan Yaogan 32A, 32BSuccess
2018-10-15
04:23		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M15
BDS-3 M16 		Success
2018-11-18
18:00		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Xichang BDS-3 M17
BDS-3 M18 		Success
2018-12-29
08:00		 Long March 2D YZ-3 Jiuquan Yunhai-2 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06
Hongyan-1		Success

Versions

Currently, there is known to be five versions:

The Long March 3, also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage.

Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and the first launch occurred on September 9, 1982. It is a two-stage launch vehicle with storable propellants, consisting of Nitrogen Tetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. The rocket was derived from the Long March 2A launch vehicle.

Long March 2D Chinese orbital carrier rocket

The Long March 2D, also known as the Chang Zheng 2D, CZ-2D and LM-2D, is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It is a 2-stage carrier rocket mainly used for launching LEO and SSO satellites.

Related Research Articles

A Long March rocket or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as "Chang Zheng" means "Long March" in Chinese pinyin. The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history.

Dongfanghong was a satellite program of the People's Republic of China. The program started in August 1965 as Project 651—a less ambitious successor to the earlier Project 581—with the goal of launching a satellite heavier than both Sputnik 1 and Explorer 1 into space, and developing all the necessary technologies to do so.

The Long March 3A, also known as the Chang Zheng 3A, CZ-3A and LM-3A, is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It is a 3-stage rocket, and is usually used to place communications satellites and Beidou navigation satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits.

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The Long March 4B, also known as the Chang Zheng 4B, CZ-4B and LM-4B is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. Launched from Launch Complex 1 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, it is a 3-stage rocket, used mostly to place satellites into low Earth and sun synchronous orbits. It was first launched on 10 May 1999, with the FY-1C weather satellite, which would later be used in the 2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test.

The Long March 3C, also known as the Changzheng 3C, CZ-3C and LM-3C, is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It is launched from Launch Complex 2 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. A 3-stage rocket with two strapon liquid rocket boosters, it is a member of the Long March 3 rocket family, and was derived from the Long March 3B. It was designed to fill a gap in payload capacities between the Long March 3A and 3B.

The Long March 4A, also known as the Changzheng 4A, CZ-4A and LM-4A, sometimes misidentified as the Long March 4 due to the lack of any such designated rocket, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 7 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It was a three-stage rocket, used for two launches in 1988 and 1990. On its maiden flight, on 6 September 1988, it placed the FY-1A weather satellite into orbit. On its second, and final, flight it launched another weather satellite, FY-1B.

Long March 6

The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, "high-speed response" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates 1,340 kilonewtons or 300,000 pounds-force of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser.

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The Long March 11, or Chang Zheng 11 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-11 for export or CZ-11 within China, is a Chinese solid-fueled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which is developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. Its maiden flight occurred on September 25, 2015. It was designed with the ability to launch on short notice and it can launch from road vehicles and ships.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norbert Bgügge. "Photo Gallery CZ-3CE". B14643.DE. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  2. ↑ "New Launch". www.casc11.com (in Chinese). Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. 2015-07-26. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  3. 1 2 Kun, Ma; Wu, Guo; Song, Guan; Zhibin, Ma; Tongyu, Li (2013). "上面级发展现状及趋势分析" [Development Status and Trend Analysis of Upper Stages]. MISSILES AND SPACE VEHICLES (in Chinese). No.6 2013 (329): 24–28. doi:10.7654/j.issn.1004-7182.20130606.
  4. ↑ Norbert Bgügge. "YZ-1 space tug". B14643.DE. Retrieved 2015-07-25.[ permanent dead link ]
  5. ↑ "长征七号首飞成功 空间实验室任务大幕拉开" [Successful maiden flight of the Long March 7 mission Damulakai]. www.spacechina.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-06-25.
  6. 1 2 "升级版的中国"太空摆渡车"将带来什么?" [What will enable the upgraded space bus?]. www.chinanews.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  7. ↑ "远征一号上面级" [Yuanzheng-1 Upper Stage]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-07. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  8. ↑ "远征一号甲上面级(YZ-1A)" [Yuanzheng-1A Upper Stage (YZ-1)]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-26. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  9. ↑ "远征二号上面级：今年发射的"长征五号"火箭将启用新研制上面级"远征二号"" [Yuanzheng-2 upper stage: this year's launch of the Long March 5 rocket upper stage will enable the development of new "Yuanzheng-2"]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-03-30. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
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