Zingiber

Last updated

Zingiber
Koeh-146-no text.jpg
Zingiber officinale
1896 illustration [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Zingiberoideae
Tribe: Zingibereae
Genus: Zingiber
Mill., 1754
Synonyms [2]
  • AmomumL., rejected name
  • PacoserocaAdans.
  • ThumungJ.Koenig in A.J.Retzius
  • DieterichiaGiseke
  • JaegeraGiseke
  • CassumunarColla
  • ZerumbetT.Lestib. 1841, illegitimate homonym, not Garsault 1764 nor J.C. Wendl. 1798
  • DymczewicziaHoran.

Zingiber is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. It is native to China, the Indian subcontinent, New Guinea, and Southeast Asia, especially Thailand. [2] [3] [4] [5] It contains the true gingers, plants grown the world over for their culinary value. The most well known species are Z. officinale and Z. mioga , two garden gingers. The genus name comes from Latin borrowing the Tamil name for the first species. [6]

Contents

Culinary

Each ginger species has a different culinary usage; for example, myoga is valued for the stem and flowers. Garden ginger's rhizome is the classic spice "ginger", and may be used whole, candied (known commonly as crystallized ginger), or dried and powdered. Other popular gingers used in cooking include cardamom and turmeric, [7] though neither of these examples is a "true ginger" – they belong to different genera in the family Zingiberaceae.

Species

Zingiber cernuum Zingiber cernuum at Kadavoor.jpg
Zingiber cernuum
Zingiber officinale GingerPlant.JPG
Zingiber officinale
Zingiber ottensii Gardenology.org-IMG 7531 qsbg11mar.jpg
Zingiber ottensii
Zingiber macradenium Zingiber macradenium3.jpg
Zingiber macradenium
Zingiber spectabile Zingiber spec.jpg
Zingiber spectabile
Zingiber wrayi Jcs-zingiber-wrayii-46973.jpg
Zingiber wrayi
Zingiber zerumbet Zingiber zerumbet2.jpg
Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber montanum Zingiber montanum Blanco2.370.jpg
Zingiber montanum
Zingiber parishii Zingiber parishii Curtis 99 6019.jpg
Zingiber parishii

Plants of the World Online currently includes: [8]

  1. Zingiber acuminatum Valeton
  2. Zingiber aguingayae Docot
  3. Zingiber albiflorum R.M.Sm.
  4. Zingiber album Nurainas
  5. Zingiber anamalayanum Sujanapal & Sasidh.
  6. Zingiber angustifolium C.K.Lim & Meekiong
  7. Zingiber apoense Elmer
  8. Zingiber argenteum Mood & Theilade
  9. Zingiber arunachalensis A.Joe, T.Jayakr., Hareesh & M.Sabu
  10. Zingiber atroporphyreum Škornick. & Q.B.Nguyen
  11. Zingiber atrorubens Gagnep.
  12. Zingiber aurantiacum (Holttum) Theilade
  13. Zingiber banhaoense Mood & Theilade
  14. Zingiber barbatum Wall.
  15. Zingiber belumense C.K.Lim & Meekiong
  16. Zingiber bipinianum D.K.Roy, D.Verma, Talukdar & Dutta Choud.
  17. Zingiber bisectum D.Fang
  18. Zingiber brachystachys Triboun & K.Larsen [9]
  19. Zingiber bradleyanum Craib
  20. Zingiber brevifolium N.E.Br.
  21. Zingiber bulusanense Elmer
  22. Zingiber callianthus Triboun & K.Larsen
  23. Zingiber capitatum Roxb.
  24. Zingiber cardiocheilum Škornick. & Q.B.Nguyen
  25. Zingiber castaneum Škornick. & Q.B.Nguyen
  26. Zingiber caudatum Biseshwori & Bipin
  27. Zingiber cernuum Dalzell
  28. Zingiber chantaranothaii Triboun & K.Larsen
  29. Zingiber chengii Y.H.Tseng, C.M.Wang & Y.C.Lin
  30. Zingiber chlorobracteatum Mood & Theilade
  31. Zingiber chrysanthum Roscoe
  32. Zingiber chrysostachys Ridl.
  33. Zingiber citriodorum Theilade & Mood
  34. Zingiber clarkei King ex Baker
  35. Zingiber cochleariforme D.Fang
  36. Zingiber collinsii Mood & Theilade
  37. Zingiber coloratum N.E.Br.
  38. Zingiber corallinum Hance
  39. Zingiber cornubracteatum Triboun & K.Larsen
  40. Zingiber curtisii Holttum
  41. Zingiber cylindricum Thwaites
  42. Zingiber densissimum S.Q.Tong & Y.M.Xia
  43. Zingiber discolor Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Rybková
  44. Zingiber diwakarianum R.Kr.Singh
  45. Zingiber eberhardtii Gagnep.
  46. Zingiber eborinum Mood & Theilade
  47. Zingiber elatius (Ridl.) Theilade
  48. Zingiber elatum Roxb.
  49. Zingiber ellipticum (S.Q.Tong & Y.M.Xia) Q.G.Wu & T.L.Wu
  50. Zingiber engganoense Ardiyani
  51. Zingiber fallax (Loes.) L.Bai, Juan Chen & N.H.Xia
  52. Zingiber flagelliforme Mood & Theilade
  53. Zingiber flammeum Theilade & Mood
  54. Zingiber flaviflorum C.K.Lim & Meekiong
  55. Zingiber flavofusiforme M.M.Aung & Nob.Tanaka
  56. Zingiber flavomaculosum S.Q.Tong
  57. Zingiber flavovirens Theilade
  58. Zingiber fragile S.Q.Tong
  59. Zingiber fraseri Theilade
  60. Zingiber georgeae Mood & Theilade
  61. Zingiber gracile Jack
  62. Zingiber gramineum Noronha ex Blume
  63. Zingiber griffithii Baker
  64. Zingiber guangxiense D.Fang
  65. Zingiber gulinense Y.M.Xia
  66. Zingiber hainanense Y.S.Ye, L.Bai & N.H.Xia
  67. Zingiber idae Triboun & K.Larsen
  68. Zingiber incomptum B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.
  69. Zingiber inflexum Blume
  70. Zingiber integrilabrum Hance
  71. Zingiber integrum S.Q.Tong
  72. Zingiber intermedium Baker
  73. Zingiber isanense Triboun & K.Larsen
  74. Zingiber jiewhoei Škornick.
  75. Zingiber junceum Gagnep.
  76. Zingiber kangleipakense Kishor & Škornick.
  77. Zingiber kawagoii Hayata
  78. Zingiber kelabitianum Theilade & H.Chr.
  79. Zingiber kerrii Craib
  80. Zingiber kunstleri King ex Ridl.
  81. Zingiber lambii Mood & Theilade
  82. Zingiber laoticum Gagnep.
  83. Zingiber larsenii Theilade
  84. Zingiber latifolium Theilade & Mood
  85. Zingiber lecongkietii Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
  86. Zingiber leptorrhizum D.Fang
  87. Zingiber leptostachyum Valeton
  88. Zingiber leucochilum L.Bai, Skornick. & N.H.Xia
  89. Zingiber ligulatum Roxb.
  90. Zingiber limianum Meekiong
  91. Zingiber lingyunense D.Fang
  92. Zingiber loerzingii Valeton
  93. Zingiber longibracteatum Theilade
  94. Zingiber longiglande D.Fang & D.H.Qin
  95. Zingiber longiligulatum S.Q.Tong
  96. Zingiber longipedunculatum Ridl.
  97. Zingiber longyanjiang Z.Y.Zhu
  98. Zingiber macradenium K.Schum.
  99. Zingiber macrocephalum (Zoll.) K.Schum.
  100. Zingiber macroglossum Valeton
  101. Zingiber macrorrhynchus K.Schum.
  102. Zingiber malaysianum C.K.Lim : black ginger
  103. Zingiber marginatum Roxb.
  104. Zingiber martini R.M.Sm.
  105. Zingiber matangense Noor Ain, Tawan & Meekiong
  106. Zingiber matupiense M.M.Aung & Nob.Tanaka
  107. Zingiber matutumense Mood & Theilade
  108. Zingiber mawangense Noor Ain & Meekiong
  109. Zingiber meghalayense Sushil K.Singh, Ram.Kumar & Mood
  110. Zingiber mekongense Gagnep.
  111. Zingiber mellis Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Sída f.
  112. Zingiber microcheilum Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Sída f.
  113. Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe
  114. Zingiber mizoramense Ram.Kumar, Sushil K.Singh & S.Sharma
  115. Zingiber molle Ridl.
  116. Zingiber monglaense S.J.Chen & Z.Y.Chen
  117. Zingiber monophyllum Gagnep.
  118. Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. (synonyms: Z. cassumunar ; Z. purpureum)
  119. Zingiber multibracteatum Holttum
  120. Zingiber murlenica Ram.Kumar, Sushil K.Singh & S.Sharma
  121. Zingiber nanlingense Lin Chen, A.Q.Dong & F.W.Xing
  122. Zingiber natmataungense S.S.Zhou & R.Li
  123. Zingiber nazrinii C.K.Lim & Meekiong
  124. Zingiber neesanum (J.Graham) Ramamoorthy
  125. Zingiber neglectum Valeton
  126. Zingiber negrosense Elmer
  127. Zingiber neotruncatum T.L.Wu, K.Larsen & Turland
  128. Zingiber nigrimaculatum S.Q.Tong
  129. Zingiber nimmonii (J.Graham) Dalzell
  130. Zingiber nitens M.F.Newman
  131. Zingiber niveum Mood & Theilade
  132. Zingiber odoriferum Blume
  133. Zingiber officinale Roscoe
  134. Zingiber oligophyllum K.Schum.
  135. Zingiber olivaceum Mood & Theilade
  136. Zingiber orbiculatum S.Q.Tong
  137. Zingiber ottensii Valeton
  138. Zingiber pachysiphon B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.
  139. Zingiber panduratum Roxb.
  140. Zingiber papuanum Valeton
  141. Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. ex Baker
  142. Zingiber parishii Hook.f.
  143. Zingiber pauciflorum L.Bai, Skornick., D.Z.Li & N.H.Xia
  144. Zingiber pellitum Gagnep.
  145. Zingiber pendulum Mood & Theilade
  146. Zingiber petiolatum (Holttum) Theilade
  147. Zingiber pherimaense Biseshwori & Bipin
  148. Zingiber phillippsiae Mood & Theilade
  149. Zingiber phumiangense Chaveer. & Mokkamul
  150. Zingiber pleiostachyum K.Schum.
  151. Zingiber plicatum Škornick. & Q.B.Nguyen
  152. Zingiber popaense Nob.Tanaka
  153. Zingiber porphyrochilum Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding [10]
  154. Zingiber porphyrosphaerum K.Schum.
  155. Zingiber pseudopungens R.M.Sm.
  156. Zingiber pseudosquarrosum L.J.Singh & P.Singh
  157. Zingiber puberulum Ridl.
  158. Zingiber purpureum Roscoe
  159. Zingiber pyroglossum Triboun & K.Larsen
  160. Zingiber raja C.K.Lim & Kharuk.
  161. Zingiber recurvatum S.Q.Tong & Y.M.Xia
  162. Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe
  163. Zingiber rubens Roxb.
  164. Zingiber rufopilosum Gagnep.
  165. Zingiber sabuanum K.M.P.Kumar & A.Joe
  166. Zingiber sabun C.K.Lim
  167. Zingiber sadakornii Triboun & K.Larsen [9]
  168. Zingiber salarkhanii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
  169. Zingiber shuanglongense C.L.Yeh & S.W.Chung
  170. Zingiber simaoense Y.Y.Qian
  171. Zingiber singapurense Škornick.
  172. Zingiber skornickovae N.S.Lý
  173. Zingiber smilesianum Craib
  174. Zingiber spectabile Griff.
  175. Zingiber squarrosum Roxb.
  176. Zingiber stenostachys K.Schum.
  177. Zingiber striolatum Diels
  178. Zingiber subroseum Docot
  179. Zingiber sulphureum Burkill ex Theilade
  180. Zingiber tenuifolium L.Bai, Škornick. & N.H.Xia
  181. Zingiber tenuiscapus Triboun & K.Larsen
  182. Zingiber thorelii Gagnep.
  183. Zingiber tuanjuum Z.Y.Zhu
  184. Zingiber ultralimitale Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen
  185. Zingiber vanlithianum Koord.
  186. Zingiber velutinum Mood & Theilade
  187. Zingiber ventricosum L.Bai, Škornick., N.H.Xia & Y.S.Ye
  188. Zingiber vinosum Mood & Theilade
  189. Zingiber viridiflavum Mood & Theilade
  190. Zingiber vittacheilum Triboun & K.Larsen
  191. Zingiber vuquangense N.S.Lý, T.H.Lê, T.H.Trinh, V.H.Nguyen & N.D.Do
  192. Zingiber wandingense S.Q.Tong
  193. Zingiber wightianum Thwaites
  194. Zingiber wrayi Prain ex Ridl.
  195. Zingiber yersinii Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Rybková
  196. Zingiber yingjiangense S.Q.Tong
  197. Zingiber yunnanense S.Q.Tong & X.Z.Liu
  198. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. : shampoo ginger

References

  1. ↑ Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. 1 2 "Zingiber Mill". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  3. ↑ "Zingiber Miller,". Gardener's Dictionary Abridged . Vol. 3 (4th ed.). p. 1754 – via Flora of China.
  4. ↑ Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. ↑ Tripathi, S.; Singh, K.K. (2006). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Zingiber Boehm. in North-East India". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany. 30: 520–532.
  6. ↑ Ravindran, P. N. (28 December 2017). The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices. CABI. p. 398. ISBN   978-1-78064-315-1.
  7. ↑ "Flower notebook: Zingiber". Kalani Tropicals. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  8. ↑ Plants of the World Online: Zingiber Mill. (retrieved 11 September 2021)
  9. 1 2 "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2014] A Key to the Genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand with Descriptions of 10 New Taxa | พรรณพฤกษชาติ สกุลขิง ในประเทศไทย". 2014-07-24.
  10. ↑ Ding, Hong-Bo; Yang, Bin; Lu, Xiao-Qiang; Tan, Yun-Hong (2020). "Zingiber porphyrochilum (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from Yunnan, China". Annales Botanici Fennici. 57 (4–6): 197–201. doi:10.5735/085.057.0401. ISSN   0003-3847. S2CID   225966485.
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