Zosima (plant)

Last updated

Zosima
Zosima absinthifolia.jpg
Zosima absinthifolia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Subfamily: Apioideae
Tribe: Tordylieae
Subtribe: Tordyliinae
Genus: Zosima
Hoffm.
Synonyms

PichleriaStapf & Wettst.

Zosima is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. [1]

Contents

Its native range stretches from Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Sinai, Syria and Turkey, (in western Asia); Saudi Arabia, to North Caucasus and Transcaucasus, (in the Caucasus Mountains); Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, (in Central Asia); Xinjiang (in China) and Pakistan (in tropical Asia). [1]

Description

They are herbaceous plants, biennial or monocarpic perennials. [2] They have thick, [3] yellow-red roots that are fusiform (rod-shaped). The stem is usually solitary, densely pubescent (has soft downy hairs), angled, corymbose-branched (branches arising at different points but reaching about the same height). The base of the stem is clothed in fibrous remnant sheaths. It has 1-2 leaves that are pinnatisect. [2] The upper leaves are narrowly elliptic. [3] The flower or inflorescence is compound umbels. [2] They have 10-25 rays. [3] The bracts and bracteoles are present, [2] and linear to lanceolate (in shape). [3] The flowers are hermaphrodite with calyx teeth minute. The petals are whitish, [3] obcordate (broad and notched at the tip), with a narrow apex, inflexed and the outer petals are slightly enlarged (radiant). The fruit (or seed capsule) is broadly ovate, strongly dorsally compressed, densely minute-pubescent. The dorsal ribs are filiform (thread-like) with the marginal ribs broadly thin-winged. The distal parts are inflated and corky. The outer mesocarp layer is parenchymatous (a versatile ground tissue composed of living primary cells) and the inner layer is sclerified (thick, lignified, cell wall that is shorter than a fiber cell). The vittae (resin canals) are large, 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. The seed face is plane with a carpophore 2-parted to base. [2]

The plants are close in form to Heracleum but the fruit differ. [3]

The plants can be affected by parasites such as Erysiphe heraclei (leaf), Acmaeoderella gibbosula and Acmaeoderella villosula (stem) and also Bruchophagus gibbus (affects the fruit). [4]

Known species

There are 4 accepted species, by Plants of the World Online and others, [2] including Y. Menemen and S.L. Jury; [5]

Taxonomy

The genus name of Zosima is in honour of Nikolaos Zosima (1758–1842), Anastasios Zosima (1754–1828) and Zois Zosima (1764–1828), all were Greek-Russian brothers and merchants in Moscow, who supported naturalists. [6] It was first described and published in Gen. Pl. Umbell. on page 145 in 1814. [1]

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they only list 1 known species, Zosima absinthiifolia. [7]

Uses

Zosima absinthiifolia (bara gwathak or gwathak) has been used in folk medicine in Pakistan, the stem and leaves are crushed into a powder and used to treat indigestion and stomach ache. [8] In 2011, it was anaylised by Bahadir, O.; Citoglu, G.S.; Ozbek, H.; Dall'Acqua, S.; Hosek, J.; Smejkal, K. Hepatoprotective and TNF-alpha inhibitory activity of Zoisma absinthiifolia extracts and coumarins. Fifoterapia 2011, 82, 454–459. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Redcurrant</span> Species of flowering plant in the gooseberry family Grossulariaceae

The redcurrant or red currant is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family. It is native to western Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions.

<i>Adonis</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Adonis is a genus of about 20–30 species of flowering plants of the crowfoot family, Ranunculaceae, native to Europe and Asia.

<i>Berberis</i> Genus of flowering plants representing the barberry family

Berberis, commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1–5 m (3.3–16.4 ft) tall, found throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known Berberis species is the European barberry, Berberis vulgaris, which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves.

<i>Althaea officinalis</i> Species of plant

Althaea officinalis, the marsh mallow or marshmallow, is a species of flowering plant indigenous to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, which is used in herbalism and as an ornamental plant. A confection made from the root since ancient Egyptian times evolved into today's marshmallow treat, but most modern marshmallow treats no longer contain any marsh-mallow root.

<i>Pseudocydonia</i> Genus of trees

Pseudocydonia sinensis or Chinese quince is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the family Rosaceae, native to southern and eastern China. It is the sole species in the genus Pseudocydonia. Its hard, astringent fruit is used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a food in East Asia. Trees are generally 10–18 metres (33–59 ft) tall.

<i>Kleinhovia</i> Genus of plants

Kleinhovia is a monotypic genus of plants in the cotton, hibiscus and cacao family Malvaceae. The sole species in the genus is Kleinhovia hospita, commonly known as guest tree, an evergreen tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia and the Pacific.

<i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> Species of flowering plant

Cotoneaster integerrimus, the common cotoneaster, is a species of Cotoneaster native to central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia, from southern Belgium and eastern France south to Italy, and east through Germany to the Balkans, northern Turkey, the Crimea, the Caucasus and northern Iran; plants in Spain may also belong in this species. In the past, it was treated in a wider sense, including plants from Wales now split off as Cotoneaster cambricus and plants from Scandinavia now treated as Cotoneaster scandinavicus, but differs from these in genetic profile and detail of foliage and fruit.

<i>Sium suave</i> Species of flowering plant

Sium suave, the water parsnip or hemlock waterparsnip, is a perennial wildflower in the family Apiaceae. It is native to many areas of both Asia and North America. The common name water parsnip is due to its similarity to parsnip and its wetland habitat. The alternate common name hemlock waterparsnip is due to its similarity to the highly poisonous spotted water hemlock.

This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names.

<i>Agrimonia parviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Agrimonia parviflora is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant. Small-flowered agrimony, harvestlice agrimony, swamp agrimony, and harvestlice are its most common names in the United States.

<i>Malva nicaeensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Malva nicaeensis is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names bull mallow and French mallow.

<i>Maerua angolensis</i> Species of tree

Maerua angolensis is a 10m tall, occasionally deciduous tree of the Capparaceae or caper family, often growing on termitaria and in thickets fringing seasonal watercourses, up to 1800m. Though never common, it is widespread in tropical Africa and arid regions, being absent from high-rainfall regions.

<i>Peucedanum japonicum</i> Species of flowering plant

Peucedanum japonicum, also known as coastal hog fennel, is a species of Peucedanum, a genus rich in medicinal species belonging to the parsley family, Apiaceae.

Rumex fascicularis is a plant from the family Polygonaceae. This specific plant species experiences perennial growth and is originally found in North Carolina. Rumex fascicularis is from the genus Rumex, which are herbs and it is commonly seen growing near swamps, shores of rivers and lakes.

<i>Iberis amara</i> Species of plant in the family Brassicaceae

Iberis amara, called wild candytuft, rocket candytuft and bitter candytuft, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. It has been introduced to numerous locations including Algeria, Sweden, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Iraq, Kazakhstan, the Indian Subcontinent, Korea, Far Eastern Russia, New Zealand, Argentina, Ecuador, Hispaniola, the United States, and Canada. It prefers to grow in warm and sunny conditions, in high-calcium soil.

Kandaharia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It only contains one known species, Kandaharia rechingerorum. It is in subfamily Apioideae and also tribe Tordylieae subtribe Tordyliinae.

Hedinia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It only contains one known species, Hedinia tibetica.

Zanthoxylum motuoense is a woody plant from the Rutaceae family and is native to Medog, Tibet.

<i>Scandia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plant

Scandia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is also in tribe Aciphylleae, with plants, Gingidia Dawson and Lignocarpa Dawson, with all three genera being native to New Zealand. They are scrambling shrubs with white flowers.

<i>Sandbergia</i> Genus of flowering plant

Sandbergia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. They are also in the Boechereae Tribe.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Zosima Hoffm. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Zosima in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Peter Davis Flora of Turkey, Volume 4 (2019) , p. 503, at Google Books
  4. "genus Zosima – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  5. Menemen, Y.; Jury, S.L. (2001). "Taxonomic studies on the genus Zosima Hoffm. (Umbelliferae)". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie. 103: 557–571.
  6. Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition [Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition](pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN   978-3-946292-26-5 . Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  7. "Species of Zosima Hoffm". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  8. Umberto Quattrocchi CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names ...(2016) , p. 4016, at Google Books
  9. Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak and Marco Landi (editors) Polyphenols in Crops, Medicinal and Wild Edible Plants: From Their ... (2020) , p. 92, at Google Books
  10. Mollaei, Saeed; Hazrati, Saeid; Lotfizadeh, Vahide; Dastan, Dara; Asgharian, Parina (2020). "Phytochemical variation and biological activities of Zosima absinthifolia during various stages of growth". International Journal of Food Properties. 23 (1): 1556–1567. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1818778 .