1231 Auricula

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1231 Auricula
001231-asteroid shape model (1231) Auricula.png
Modelled shape of Auricula from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered by K. Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date10 October 1931
Designations
(1231) Auricula
Pronunciation /ɔːˈrɪkjʊlə/ [2]
Named after
 Primula auricula [3]
(flowering plant)
1931 TE2
main-belt [1] [4]  ·(middle)
background [5] [6]
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 87.02 yr (31,785 d)
Aphelion 2.8988 AU
Perihelion 2.4388 AU
2.6688 AU
Eccentricity 0.0862
4.36 yr (1,593 d)
171.27°
0° 13m 33.96s / day
Inclination 11.483°
342.04°
245.60°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
13.43±4.67  km [7]
15.10±3.67 km [8]
18.71±0.65 km [9] [10]
21.44±0.81 km [11]
22.52±1.8 km [12]
3.9816±0.0006  h [13]
0.066 [9] [10]
0.0798 [12]
0.089 [11]
0.11 [8] [7]
C (SDSS-MOC) [14]
11.60 [11]
12.2 [1] [4] [8] [9] [10]
12.29 [7]

    1231 Auricula (prov. designation: 1931 TE2) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory. [1] The likely elongated C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.98 hours. [15] It was named after the flowering plant auricula and indirectly honors astronomer Gustav Stracke. [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Based on recent HCM-analyses, Auricula is a non-family asteroid that belongs to the main belt's background population. [5] [6] On its osculating Keplerian orbital elements, it is located in the Eunomia region ( 502 ), where the prominent family of stony asteroids is located. [15]

    It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–2.9  AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,593 days; semi-major axis of 2.67 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. [4] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in October 1931. [1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the yellow flowered Alpine primrose, primula auricula. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 113 ). [3] It honors German astronomer and diligent orbit computer Gustav Stracke (1887–1943), who had asked that no asteroid be named after him. The initials of the asteroids (1227) through (1234), all discovered by Karl Reinmuth, spell out "G. Stracke". In this manner, Reinmuth was able to circumvent Stracke's desire and honor him nevertheless. The asteroid 1019 Strackea was later named after Stracke directly. [16] In the 1990s, astronomer Brian Marsden was also honored by this method, see asteroids 5694 to 5699. The consecutive initial letters of these minor-planet names spell out "MarsdenB". [17]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants). [18]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Auricula is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. [5] [14]

    Rotation period and poles

    In April 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Auricula was obtained from photometric observations by Colin Bembrick at the Mount Tarana Observatory ( 431 ) and other observers from Australia and New Zealand. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.9816±0.0006 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.75 magnitude ( U=3 ), indicative of a non-spherical, elongated shape. [13] A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database was published in 2016. It gave a concurring sidereal period of 3.981580±0.000001 hours, as well as two spin axes at (57.0°, −57.0°) and (225.0°, −85.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β). [19]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Auricula measures between 13.43 and 22.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.066 and 0.11. [7] [8] [10] [9] [11] [12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0465 and a diameter of 22.37 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.2. [15]

    Related Research Articles

    997 Priska, provisional designation 1923 NR, is a carbonaceous Adeonian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 July 1923, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid's name is a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries.

    1019 Strackea, provisional designation 1924 QN, is a stony Hungaria asteroid of the inner asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1924, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. It is named for German astronomer Gustav Stracke.

    1049 Gotho, provisional designation 1925 RB, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 53 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 September 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. Although the name of the asteroid is a masculine German name, it is not known to refer to a particular individual.

    1070 Tunica, provisional designation 1926 RB, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after Petrorhagia, a flowering plant also known as "Tunica".

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1077 Campanula</span>

    1077 Campanula, provisional designation 1926 TK, is a presumed Erigonian asteroid, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter, located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 6 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the bellflower Campanula.

    1078 Mentha, provisional designation 1926 XB, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 December 1926, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. Only in 1958, it was realized that this object was a rediscovery of an already numbered but lost asteroid.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1080 Orchis</span>

    1080 Orchis, provisional designation 1927 QB, is an dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 August 1927, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous F-type asteroid has a rotation period of 16.1 hours and measures approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was named after the flowering plant Orchis.

    1085 Amaryllis, provisional designation 1927 QH, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 69 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 August 1927, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the flowering planet Amaryllis.

    1092 Lilium, provisional designation 1924 PN, is a dark, carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 January 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the flower Lilium.

    1106 Cydonia, provisional designation 1929 CW, is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 February 1929, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named for the fruit-bearing tree Cydonia (quince). The S-type asteroid has a relatively short rotation period of 2.7 hours.

    1232 Cortusa, provisional designation 1931 TF2, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 25.2 hours. It was named after the plant Cortusa and indirectly honors astronomer Gustav Stracke.

    1234 Elyna, provisional designation 1931 UF, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Elyna.

    1250 Galanthus, provisional designation 1933 BD, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 January 1933, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory. The asteroid was named for the herbaceous plant Galanthus, also known as "snowdrop".

    1227 Geranium, provisional designation 1931 TD, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid was named for the flowering plant Geranium (cranesbills).

    2012 Guo Shou-Jing, provisional designation 1964 TE2, is a carbonaceous asteroid and Florian interloper from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1964, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanking, China. The asteroid was named after Chinese astronomer Guo Shoujing.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1182 Ilona</span>

    1182 Ilona, provisional designation 1927 EA, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 3 March 1927, and later named Ilona. Any reference to its name is unknown.

    1183 Jutta, provisional designation 1930 DC, is a dark Nysian asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 22 February 1930. Any reference of its name to a person is unknown.

    1233 Kobresia, provisional designation 1931 TG2, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the grass-like flowering plant Kobresia, a genus in the sedge family.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1230 Riceia</span>

    1230 Riceia, provisional designation 1931 TX1, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid was named after Hugh Rice, amateur astronomer of New York and director of the Museum of Natural Sciences.

    1229 Tilia is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and given the provisional designation 1931 TP1. The asteroid was named for the genus of trees, Tilia (lime tree, linden, basswood).

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 "1231 Auricula (1931 TE2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    2. ↑ "auricula" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1231) Auricula". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.  102. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1232. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1231 Auricula (1931 TE2)" (2018-10-18 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    5. 1 2 3 "Asteroid 1231 Auricula". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    6. 1 2 "Asteroid (1231) Auricula – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv: 1606.08923 . Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 .
    8. 1 2 3 4 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv: 1509.02522 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. S2CID   9341381.
    9. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M . Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. S2CID   46350317.
    11. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    12. 1 2 3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    13. 1 2 Bembrick, Colin; Crawford, Greg; Allen, Bill (October 2008). "The Rotation Period of 1231 Auricula". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 185–186. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..185B. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    14. 1 2 Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 . Retrieved 30 October 2019. (PDS data set)
    15. 1 2 3 "LCDB Data for (1231) Auricula". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 17 December 2018.
    16. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1234) Elyna". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp.  102–103. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1235. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    17. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(5699) Munch". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.  483. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5391. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    18. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.  90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    19. ↑ Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv: 1601.02909 . Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. S2CID   118427201 . Retrieved 17 December 2018.
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