1512 Oulu

Last updated

1512 Oulu
1512 Oulu Hubble.jpg
Hubble Space Telescope image of Oulu taken in 2012
Discovery [1]
Discovered by H. Alikoski
Discovery site Turku Obs.
Discovery date18 March 1939
Designations
(1512) Oulu
Named after
 Oulu (Finnish town) [2]
1939 FE ·1938 CU
1957 TA ·1958 XS
main-belt  · Hilda [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 78.06 yr (28,510 days)
Aphelion 4.5541 AU
Perihelion 3.3892 AU
3.9717 AU
Eccentricity 0.1466
7.92 yr (2,891 days)
333.83°
0° 7m 28.2s / day
Inclination 6.4785°
10.168°
238.20°
Jupiter  MOID 0.6287 AU
Physical characteristics
Dimensions65.0 km [4]
65.000±4.137 km [5]
79.222±0.241 km [6]
82.72±2.5 km (IRAS:38) [7]
91.05±2.20 km [8]
132.3±0.1 h [9]
0.031±0.001 [8]
0.0366±0.002(IRAS:38) [7]
0.038±0.005 [6]
0.0536±0.0061 [5]
0.0594 [4]
0.06±0.03 [10]
Tholen = P [1]  · X [11]  · P [3]
B–V = 0.715 [1]
U–B = 0.190 [1]
9.62 [1] [3] [5] [4] [7] [8]  ·9.92±0.40 [11]

    1512 Oulu, provisional designation 1939 FE, is a dark Hildian asteroid, slow rotator and possibly the largest known tumbler orbiting in the outermost region of the asteroid belt. With a diameter of approximately 80 kilometers, it belongs to the fifty largest asteroids in the outer main-belt. The body was discovered on 18 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Heikki Alikoski at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland and named for the Finnish town Oulu. [2] [12]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Located in the outermost part of the main-belt, Oulu is a member of the Hilda family, a large orbital group of asteroids that are thought to have originated from the Kuiper belt. They orbit in a 3:2 orbital resonance with the gas giant Jupiter, meaning that for every 2 orbits Jupiter completes around the Sun, a Hildian asteroid will complete 3 orbits. [1] As it does not cross the path of any of the planets, it will not be pulled out of orbit by Jupiter's gravitational field, and will likely remain in a stable orbit for thousands of years.

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.4–4.6  AU once every 7 years and 11 months (2,891 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 6° concerning the ecliptic. [1] In 1938, Oulu was first identified as 1938 CU at Bergedorf Observatory. Its observation arc, however, begins one month after its official discovery observation. [12]

    Physical characteristics

    Oulu is characterized as a dark and reddish P-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomy, of which only a few dozen bodies are currently known. [13]

    Slow rotator and likely tumbler

    In May 2009, a rotational light curve of Oulu was obtained from photometric observations by Slovak astronomer Adrián Galád at Modra Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 132.3 hours with a brightness variation of 0.33 in magnitude ( U=2+ ). [9] It is among the top few hundred slow rotators.

    Oulu is likely in a state of non-principal axis rotation, which is commonly known as tumbling. It is the largest such object ever observed (also see List of tumblers). [3] [9] [14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Oulu measures between 65.00 and 91.05 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.031 and 0.06. [5] [6] [7] [8] [10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0366 and a diameter of 82.72 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 9.62. [3] In May 2002, Vasilij Shevchenko and Edward Tedesco observed an occultation by Oulu, that gave a diameter of 65.0 kilometers with an occultation albedo of 0.0594. [4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for the northern Finnish town Oulu, the birthplace of the discoverer. [2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 January 1964 ( M.P.C. 2278). [15]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">220 Stephania</span> Dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt

    Stephania is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 km (20 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1881, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.2 hours. It was named after Princess Stéphanie of Belgium.

    Lagrangea, provisional designation 1923 OU, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 September 1923, by Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Italian mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

    1018 Arnolda, provisional designation 1924 QM, is a stony asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after physicist Arnold Berliner.

    1113 Katja, provisional designation 1928 QC, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 39 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory in 1928, and named after Ekaterina Iosko, a staff member at the discovering observatory.

    1124 Stroobantia, provisional designation 1928 TB, is a metallic asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 October 1928, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It is named for astronomer Paul Stroobant.

    1149 Volga, provisional designation 1929 PF, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Evgenij Skvorcov at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the Volga River.

    1154 Astronomia, provisional designation 1927 CB, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 8 February 1927. The asteroid was named for the natural science of astronomy.

    2067 Aksnes, provisional designation 1936 DD, is a rare-type Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 23 February 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was named after astronomer Kaare Aksnes.

    3724 Annenskij, provisional designation 1979 YN8, is a stony Gefionian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers (9 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 23 December 1979, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.97 hours. It was named for Russian poet Innokenty Annensky.

    1295 Deflotte, provisional designation 1933 WD, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 November 1933, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa. The asteroid was named after the discoverer's nephew.

    1960 Guisan, provisional designation 1973 UA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1283 Komsomolia</span>

    1283 Komsomolia is a metallic background asteroid and potentially slow rotator from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. Discovered by Vladimir Albitsky in 1925, it was later named after Komsomol, a political youth organization of the former Soviet Union. The M-type asteroid has roughly a rotation period 96 hours of and measures approximately 30 kilometers in diameter.

    1264 Letaba, provisional designation 1933 HG, is a carbonaceous asteroid and possible tumbler from the background population of the outer asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 April 1933, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named for the Letaba River in eastern South Africa.

    1300 Marcelle, provisional designation 1934 CL, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 February 1934, by French astronomer Guy Reiss at the North African Algiers Observatory in Algeria.

    1174 Marmara, provisional designation 1930 UC, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was later named after the Sea of Marmara, located between Europe and Asia.

    5592 Oshima, provisional designation 1990 VB4, is a Veritasian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 14 November 1990, by astronomers Kenzo Suzuki and Takeshi Urata at the Toyota Observatory, and later named after Japanese astronomer Yoshiaki Oshima. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 12.5 hours.

    1243 Pamela, provisional designation 1932 JE, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 May 1932, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johnannesburg. The asteroid was named for Pamela Jackson, daughter of the discoverer.

    1258 Sicilia, provisional designation 1932 PG, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Italian island of Sicily.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1336 Zeelandia</span> Stony Koronian asteroid

    1336 Zeelandia, provisional designation 1934 RW, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 September 1934, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named for the Dutch province of Zeeland.

    1461 Jean-Jacques, provisional designation 1937 YL, is a metallic asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1937, by French astronomer Marguerite Laugier at Nice Observatory in southern France, who named it after her son Jean-Jacques Laugier.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1512 Oulu (1939 FE)" (2017-05-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 5 June 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1512) Oulu". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 120. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1513. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 "LCDB Data for (1512) Oulu". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 January 2017.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Shevchenko, Vasilij G.; Tedesco, Edward F. (September 2006). "Asteroid albedos deduced from stellar occultations". Icarus. 184 (1): 211–220. Bibcode:2006Icar..184..211S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.006 . Retrieved 4 January 2017.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID   35447010.
    6. 1 2 3 Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J.; Masiero, J.; Spahr, T.; McMillan, R. S.; et al. (January 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Hilda Population: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 744 (2): 15. arXiv: 1110.0283 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...744..197G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/197. S2CID   44000310 . Retrieved 31 December 2016.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    8. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. 1 2 3 Galad, Adrian; Kornos, Leonard; Vilagi, Jozef (January 2010). "An Ensemble of Lightcurves from Modra". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (1): 9–15. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37....9G. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 4 January 2017.
    10. 1 2 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Wright, E.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (August 2011). "Thermal Model Calibration for Minor Planets Observed with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer/NEOWISE". The Astrophysical Journal. 736 (2): 9. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736..100M. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.472.4936 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/100. S2CID   50794389 . Retrieved 6 December 2015.
    11. 1 2 Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID   53493339 . Retrieved 4 January 2017.
    12. 1 2 "1512 Oulu (1939 FE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
    13. ↑ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: spec. type = P (Tholen)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
    14. ↑ Pravec, P.; Scheirich, P.; Durech, J.; Pollock, J.; Kusnirák, P.; Hornoch, K.; et al. (May 2014). "The tumbling spin state of (99942) Apophis". Icarus. 233: 48–60. Bibcode:2014Icar..233...48P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.026 . Retrieved 23 November 2017.
    15. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) . Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.  221. Bibcode:2009dmpn.book.....S. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN   978-3-642-01964-7.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.