1716 Algiers earthquake

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1716 Algiers earthquake
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Local date3 February–May 1716
MagnitudeMw  7.0
Epicenter 36°42′N3°06′E / 36.7°N 3.1°E / 36.7; 3.1 [1]
Areas affected Algeria
Max. intensity EMS-98 IX (Destructive) – EMS-98 X (Very destructive)
Casualties20,000 dead [1]

The 1716 Algiers earthquake was part of a seismic sequence which began in February and ended in May 1716. The largest and most destructive shock occurred on February 3 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.0. The earthquakes with an epicenter thought to be in the Algiers region had a maximum European macroseismic scale (EMS-98) intensity of IX (Destructive), killing approximately 20,000 people. [1] The earthquake was felt in Catania and Syracuse on the Italian island Sicily.

Contents

Tectonic setting

The nation of Algeria lie near a complex and poorly defined convergent plate boundary separating the African plate from the Eurasian plate. [2] The converging plates create a zone of compression in northern Algeria, which are accommodated by mainly thrust and reverse faults onshore and inland. Thrusting of strata due to compression formed the Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco. The tectonic situation of Algeria also makes the country vulnerable to large and deadly seismic events with magnitudes greater than 6.0. The offshore thrust faults also pose a tsunami threat to the Algerian coast during large earthquakes. [3]

Earthquake

A north-west dipping thrust fault known as the Sahel Fault which runs along the north coast of Algeria is thought to be the source of the quake. Paleoseismology studies along the approximately 60-km-long fault revealed evidence of a major earthquake(s) occurring at the same period as the destructive quake. Surface ruptures uncovered by trenching, and radiocarbon dating of charcoal led to the identification of two historical earthquakes before 1211 A.D., three between 778 A.D. and 1779 A.D., and three after 1727 A.D.. The 1716 earthquake, along with another event in 1365 fell within the range of paleoearthquakes and may correspond with activity on the Sahel Fault. [4]

In an earthquake catalog by Hamdache and other researchers, the moment magnitude was placed at 7.0 Mw  with an epicenter location at 36°42′N3°06′E / 36.7°N 3.1°E / 36.7; 3.1 . [5]

Impact

The first shock occurred on the morning of 3 February at 9:45 a.m. local time. It collapsed many poorly-constructed homes in Algiers. Well-constructed buildings including a mosque suffered extensive cracks throughout. Detailed documentation of damage to 204 homes and four mosques or palaces. Algiers was mostly destroyed after the earthquake. At the Dar Aziza, the upper floors experienced a collapse and walls cracked. Many homes up to 3 km away from Algiers were also damaged. The city was once again rocked by a second violent shock assigned IX (Destructive). The aftershock caused more damage and collapsed structures that were intact after the February 3 quake. [6]

See also

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The 1657 Concepción earthquake occurred on March 15 at 20:00 local time off the coast of Concepción, Biobío Region in the Spanish Empire. The earthquake caused severe damage along the coast, and generated a large tsunami in the Bay of Concepción. At least 40 people were killed, the majority due to drowning from the tsunami. The town of Concepción was the hardest hit, with the earthquake and tsunami totally destroying it.

The 1858 Prome earthquake occurred on August 24 at 15:38 local time in British Burma. The earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 7.6–8.3 on the moment magnitude scale. It had an epicenter in near the city of Pyay (Prome), Bago. The shock was felt with a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme) for about one minute. Severe damage was reported in Bago, and off the coast of Rakhine, an island sunk.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Significant Earthquake Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  2. ↑ A. Leprêtre; F. Klingelhoefer; D. Graindorge; P. Schnurle; M. O. Beslier; K. Yelles; J. Déverchère; R. Bracene (2013). "Multiphased tectonic evolution of the Central Algerian margin from combined wide-angle and reflection seismic data off Tipaza, Algeria". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (8): 3899–3916. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.3899L. doi: 10.1002/jgrb.50318 .
  3. ↑ Abdelkarim Yelles-Chaouche; Abdelaziz Kherroubi (2017). Hamoud Beldjoudi (ed.). "The large Algerian earthquakes (267 A.D.-2017)". Física de la tierra. 29. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. doi: 10.5209/FITE.57617 . ISSN   1988-2440.
  4. ↑ A. Heddar; C. Authemayou; H. Djellit; A.K. Yelles; J. Déverchère; S. Gharbi; A. Boudiaf; B. Van Vliet Lanoe (2013). "Preliminary results of a paleoseismological analysis along the Sahel fault (Algeria): New evidence for historical seismic events". Quaternary International. 302: 210–223. Bibcode:2013QuInt.302..210H. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.09.007.
  5. ↑ M. Hamdache; José A. Peláez; A. Talbi; C. López Casado (2010). "A Unified Catalog of Main Earthquakes for Northern Algeria from A.D. 856 to 2008". Seismological Research Letters. 81 (5): 732–739. Bibcode:2010SeiRL..81..732H. doi:10.1785/gssrl.81.5.732.
  6. ↑ Amina Abdessemed-Foufa; Djillali Benouar (2008). "Investigation of the 1716 Algiers (Algeria) earthquake from historical sources" (PDF). International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 4 (3): 270–293. doi:10.1080/15583050903161352. S2CID   110917875. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
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