List of historical earthquakes

This article is about historical earthquakes (before 1901). For 1901–2000 earthquakes, see Lists of 20th-century earthquakes. For earthquakes after 2000, see Lists of 21st-century earthquakes.

Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the early 20th century. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings – later followed by seismotomography imaging technique, ^[1] observations using space satellites from outer space, ^[2] artificial intelligence (AI)-based early earthquake warnings ^[3] – they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources, observations of shaking objects and/or animal behavior during earthquakes, ^[4] religious/traditional beliefs about earthquakes (e.g. "God's punishment", "God's rage", "Earth never quiet", "Earth's rage" or "Mother Nature's rage"). ^[5] There is often significant uncertainty and hypothesis in locations and magnitudes – sometimes dates for each earthquakes. The number of fatalities is also often highly uncertain and hypothetical, particularly for the older events.

Pre-11th century

Date	Time‡	Place	Lat	Long	Fatalities	Mag.	Comments	Sources
1920 BC		Qinghai Jishi Gorge outburst flood					Flood caused by landslide after earthquake	[6]
1740 BC		Fa of Xia Mount Tai earthquake	N 34.2705°	E 108.92512°	?	?	Listed in the Bamboo Annals	[7] [8]
479 BC		Aegean Sea 479 BC Potidaea earthquake	N 39.7°	E 23.3°	Many	7.0 (approx)	Oldest record of a tsunami. Saved Potidaea from an invasion by the Achaemenid Empire.	[9]
464 BC		Sparta, Greece 464 BC Sparta earthquake			?	7.2 (approx)	Ms Led to a helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that led to the Peloponnesian War	[10]
373 BC		Gulf of Corinth, Greece					Destroyed ancient city of Helike by Tsunami	[11]
226 BC		Rhodes, Greece 226 BC Rhodes earthquake			?	–	Destroyed Colossus of Rhodes and city of Kameiros	[12]
60 BC		Portugal and Galicia coasts			?	8.5	Caused a tsunami	[13]
17 AD	At night	Asia minor AD 17 Lydia earthquake	37.85	27.3	?		Destroyed 13 cities in Asia (minor)	Described by the historians Tacitus and Pliny the Elder
February 5, 62 AD		Bay of Naples, Italy AD 62 Pompeii earthquake			?	5–6	Brought down a large part of Pompeii, caused severe damage in Herculaneum and Nuceria.	Seneca describes it in his "Quaestiones Naturales VI" [14]
89 AD		Baekje, Seoul, Korea			Lots of people	6.7	Houses were broken and lots of people died.	[15]
110 AD		Dian Kingdom, Yunnan, southwestern China			probably thousands	–	Flooded administrative centre of the Dian Kingdom	[16]
December 13, 115 AD		Antioch 115 Antioch earthquake	36.1	36.1	260,000 (approx)	7.5	Ms	[17]
141 or 142 AD		Lycia, Caria, Dodecanese 141 Lycia earthquake	36.7	28.0	?	8	Triggered a severe tsunami that caused inundation at Rhodes	[18]
May 18, 363 AD		Syria 363 Galilee earthquake			"thousands"	7 (approx)	Destruction also in "The Holy Land", Petra	Ammianus Marcellinus [19] and numerous other late Antiquity writers. [20]
July 21, 365 AD		Crete (Greece) 365 Crete earthquake			"thousands"	8.5+	Destruction also in Cyrene & Alexandria (by tsunami). Uplifted Crete by 9 metres.	Ammianus Marcellinus [19] and numerous other late Antiquity writers [20]
382 AD		Cape St. Vincent, Portugal				7.5	According to Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, the earthquake and corresponding tsunami sank two islets that were situated near Cape St. Vincent.	Ammianus Marcellinus
May 19, 526 AD		Antioch, Turkey 526 Antioch earthquake			250,000	7.0	The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000.	Procopius, II.14.6; sources based on John of Ephesus
July 6, 551 AD		Beirut, Tyre, Tripoli 551 Beirut earthquake	33.9	35.5	30,000	7.5	Mw Triggered a devastating tsunami, all the cities of the Phoenician coast from Tyre to Tripoli were reduced to ruins	[21]
November 26, 684 AD		Shikoku, Japan 684 Hakuhō earthquake	32.8	134.3	101–1,000	8.4 MK (Kawasumi scale)	Various references estimate the quake's magnitude at 8.0 to 8.4, with damage being "severe". Other dates for the quake are: October 14 (incorrect date) and November 24. [22]	Described in the history book Nihon Shoki
January 18, 749 AD		The Levant 749 Galilee earthquake			"tens of thousands"	7.0–7.5 (approx)	The cities of Tiberias, Beit She'an, Hippos and Pella were largely destroyed while many other cities across the Levant region were heavily damaged.	[23] [24]
April 29, 801 AD		Central Italy 801 Apennine earthquake	41.896	12.482		5.4 Me	There was severe damage in Rome. The quake was also felt in Spoleto.	[25]
November 24, 847 AD		Damascus, Syria 847 Damascus earthquake	33.5	36.3	70,000	7.3		[21] [26]
December 856 AD		Corinth, Greece	37.9	22.9	45,000	–		[26] [27]
December 22, 856 AD (aftershocks for about a year)		Qumis, Iran. From Khuvar to Bustam and Gurgan. The town of Qumis (Hecatompylos) hardest hit. 856 Damghan earthquake	36.23	54.14	200,000	7.9 (approx)	The city of Qumis was half destroyed and had 45,096 casualties.	[26] [28]
July 13, 869 AD		Sendai, Japan 869 Jōgan earthquake	38.5	143.8	1,000 (approx)	8.6–9.0 Mw		[29] [30]
March 23, 893 AD		Ardabil, Iran 893 Ardabil earthquake	38.28	48.30	150,000	–	–	Regarded as a 'fake earthquake', due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event. [31] [32] [33] [34]
December 28, 893 AD		Dvin, Armenia 893 Dvin earthquake	40.0	44.6	30,000	6 (approx)	Mislocated in India	[35]

11th–16th centuries

Date	Time‡	Place	Lat	Long	Fatalities	Mag.	Comments	Sources
December 1033		Jordan Valley, Levant, Israel & the State of Palestine 1033 Jordan Valley earthquake	32.5	35.5	70,000	7.3	Mw . Triggered a tsunami.	[36]
December 1037		Taizhou, Jiangsu, China	32.0	119.0	22,391			[37] [38]
August 12, 1042		Palmyra, Baalbek, Syria, Lebanon	35.1	38.9	50,000	7.2 (>VIII)		[21] [26]
March 18, 1068		Near East 1068 Near East earthquake			20,000	≥7.0		[39] [40]
October 11, 1138		Aleppo, Syria 1138 Aleppo earthquake	36.1	36.8	230,000	7.1		[21] [41]
September 30, 1139		Ganja, Azerbaijan 1139 Ganja earthquake	40.3	46.2	230,000–300,000	7.7	Ms . Resulted in the total destruction of Ganja.	[42]
August 12, 1157	08:15	Hama, Syria 1157 Hama earthquake	35.1	36.3	8,000	7.2	Ms Largest in a sequence lasting from late 1156 to early 1159	[21] [41] [43]
February 4, 1169		Sicily 1169 Sicily earthquake	37.3	15.0	15,000	6.4–7.3		[44]
June 29, 1170	06:29	Eastern Mediterranean 1170 Syria earthquake	34.4	36.4	5,000–80,000 in Aleppo [45] 25,000 in Hama	7.3–7.5 [46] 7.7 [47]	Syria, Lebanon, central southern Turkey	Numerous sources from Crusader times. [41] [43]
July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202		Eastern Mediterranean; 1202 Syria earthquake			1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths)	7.6	Damage across a wide area from Syria to Upper Egypt	–
May 11, 1222	06:15	Cyprus 1222 Cyprus earthquake	34.7	32.6		7.0–7.5	Caused damage at Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia	[48]
1269		Cilicia, Anatolia (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) 1269 Cilicia earthquake	37.5	35.5	60,000	7 (approx)
September 27, 1290		Zhili (Hebei), China 1290 Zhili earthquake	41.5	119.3	100,000	6.8	Ms	[49]
May 26, 1293		Kamakura, (now in Kanagawa Prefecture, Kantō region,) Japan 1293 Kamakura earthquake	35.2	139.4	23,024	7.1		[50]
August 8, 1303	06:00	1303 Crete earthquake, Greece	35	27	up to 10,000	~8	Triggered a major tsunami that devastated Alexandria in Egypt	[51]
September 25, 1303		1303 Hongdong earthquake, China	36.3	111.7	270,000	Mw  7.2–7.6	Taiyuan and Pingyang (modern Linfen) were leveled.	[52]
January 1, 1341		Crimea, Ukraine			Not known	6		[53]
January 25, 1348	15:00	Friuli, Venice, Rome 1348 Friuli earthquake	46.37	13.58	10,000	6.9		[26]
August 24, 1356		Lisbon, Portugal 1356 Lisbon earthquake				8.5	Mw	[54] [55]
October 18, 1356		Basel, Switzerland 1356 Basel earthquake	47.5	07.6	1,000	6.2	Mw	[56]
May 21, 1382		Canterbury, UK 1382 Dover Straits earthquake			?	5.8	Struck during synod – later called "Earthquake Synod" – called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe – some saw as portentous	[57] [58]
February 2, 1428		Catalonia (now Spain) 1428 Catalonia earthquake	42.4	2.2	1,000s	6.7	Sometimes called the terratrèmol de la candelera because it took place during the Candlemas.	[26] [59] [60]
December 5, 1456		Province of Benevento, Kingdom of Naples (now Italy) 1456 Central Italy earthquakes	41.3	14.7	30,000–70,000	7.2	The largest and most widespread earthquake on the Italian Peninsula. Was followed by another Mw  7.0 shock on December 30.
May 3, 1481	03:00	Rhodes 1481 Rhodes earthquake	36.0	28.0	30,000	7.1	Largest of a series that lasted 10 months	[61]
September 20, 1498	08:00 local time	Honshu 1498 Meiō earthquake	34.0	138.1	31,000	8.6	Ms	[62]
June 6, 1505		Nepal 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake	29.5	83.0	30% of Nepalese population	8.2–8.8
September 10, 1509	22:00	Istanbul, Turkey 1509 Constantinople earthquake	40.9	28.7	10,000	7.2	Ms	[63]
January 26, 1531	04:30	Lisbon, Portugal 1531 Lisbon earthquake	38.9	−09.0	30,000	6.9		[64]
January 23, 1556		Shaanxi, China 1556 Shaanxi earthquake	34.5	109.7	830,000+	8.2–8.3	Deadliest earthquake in recorded history	USGS
November 16–17, 1570	19:10	Ferrara, Italy 1570 Ferrara earthquake	44.817	11.633	70–200	5.5		Azariah de Rossi's Kol Elohim [26] [65]
December 16, 1575	18:30	Valdivia, Chile 1575 Valdivia earthquake	−39.8	−73.2	?	8.5		[26] [66]
June 10–11, 1585	Unk	Aleutian Islands, Alaska 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake	Unk	Unk	Unk	9.25	Mw On June 11, 1585, a moderate tsunami struck the Sanriku coast of Japan. At the same time, a number of Hawaiian natives died after their settlements was struck by a tsunami-like event described in oral traditions. Paleotsunami evidence was also found in the Hawaiian Islands corresponding to a large tsunami in the 16th century. Modelling of a magnitude 9.25 earthquake in the Aleutian Islands matched the descriptions and geological evidences in Japan and Hawaii.	[67]
January 18, 1586	23:00	Chūbu region, Japan 1586 Tenshō earthquake	36.0	136.9	8,000	7.9	MJMA	[68]

17th century

Date	Time‡	Place	Lat	Long	Fatalities	Mag.	Comments	Sources
November 24, 1604	12:30 local time	Arica, Chile 1604 Arica earthquake	-18.500	-70.400	?	8.5	MI	[69]
February 3, 1605	20:00 local time	Shikoku, Honshu, Japan 1605 Keichō earthquake	33.5	138.5	thousands	7.9	Ms	[70]
July 13, 1605		Qiongshan, Hainan, China 1605 Guangdong earthquake	19.9	110.5	3,000	7.5 (X)		[71]
December 11, 1611	10:30	Sanriku, Japan 1611 Sanriku earthquake	39.0	144.4	~5,000	8.1	Ms	[72]
October 25, 1622		Ningxia, China 1622 North Guyuan earthquake	36.5	106.3	12,000	7.0	Ms	[73]
May 11, 1624	03:00–04:00	Fez, Morocco 1624 Fez earthquake	34.1	-5.1	thousands	6.0	Mw	[74]
August 1, 1629		Banda Sea, Indonesia 1629 Banda Sea earthquake	-4.6	129.9	0	8.2-8.8	Mw	[75]
March 27, 1638		Calabria, Kingdom of Sicily (present-day Italy) 1638 Calabrian earthquakes	38.64	15.78	9,581–30,000	7.1	A sequence of four earthquakes.	[76]
March 27, 1638	night	Tabriz, Iran 1641 Tabriz earthquake	37.9	46.1	12,613–30,000	6.8	Ms
February 5, 1663	17:30 local time	Quebec, Canada 1663 Charlevoix earthquake	47.6	70.1	0	7.3–7.9	Landslides were the primary feature.	[77]
April 6, 1667		Dubrovnik, Croatia 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake	42.3	18.1	3,000	7.2		[78]
November 25, 1667		Shamakhi, Azerbaijan 1667 Shamakhi earthquake	40.6	48.6	80,000	6.9	Ms	[49]
July 25, 1668		Shandong, China 1668 Shandong earthquake	35.3	118.6	42,578	8.5	Largest earthquake in East China.	[79]
August 17, 1668		Anatolia, Turkey 1668 North Anatolia earthquake	40	36	8,000	8	Largest earthquake in Turkey.	USGS
February 17, 1674	19:30	Ambon, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) 1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami	3.75	127.75	2,347	6.8	Major tsunami up to 100 meters high. First and largest ever documented tsunami in Indonesia.
November 4, 1677	20:00	Bōsō Peninsula, Japan 1677 Bōsō earthquake	35.0	141.5	569	8.3–8.6	Mw	[80]
October 20, 1687	11:30	Lima, Peru 1687 Peru earthquake	−15.2	−75.9	5,000	8.2		[26]
June 5, 1688		Province of Benevento, Italy 1688 Sannio earthquake	41.3	14.6	est. 10,000	7	Completely destroyed Cerreto Sannita and Guardia Sanframondi, heavily damaged Benevento.	[81]
September 13, 1692	11:00	Salta Province, Argentina 1692 Salta earthquake	−25.40	−64.80	~13	7.0	The small village of Talavera del Esteco was completely destroyed.	[82]
June 7, 1692	11:43 local time	Port Royal, Jamaica 1692 Jamaica earthquake	17.9	−76.8	2,000+	7 (approx) (X)		[83] [84]
January 11, 1693		Catania Province, Sicily 1693 Sicily earthquake			60,000	7.5
September 5, 1694	11:40	Irpinia, Italy 1694 Irpinia–Basilicata earthquake	40.88	15.35	6,000	6.9	Mw	[85]
May 18, 1695	12:00	Shanxi, Qing dynasty 1695 Linfen earthquake	36.0	111.5	52,600–176,365	7.8	Mw	[86]
January 5, 1699		Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia) 1699 Java earthquake	6.078	105.913	128	7.4–8.0	Mw

18th century

Date	Time‡	Place	Lat	Long	Fatalities	Mag.	Comments	Sources
January 26, 1700	~21:00	Cascadia subduction zone 1700 Cascadia earthquake Source of "Orphan Tsunami," which struck Japan hours later. The Japanese were caught off-guard, not knowing the origin of the wave, until geologist Brian Atwater's research confirmed it.				9.0	M (Satake et al., 1996)	USGS
January 14, 1703	18:00	Norcia, Italy 1703 Apennine earthquakes	42.7	13.07	6,240–9,761	6.7	Mw	[26] [87]
February 2, 1703	11:05	L'Aquila, Italy 1703 Apennine earthquakes	42.43	13.3	2,500–5,000	6.7	Mw	[26] [87]
December 31, 1703	17:00	Kantō region, Japan 1703 Genroku earthquake	35.0	140.0	10,000	8.2	Ms	[88]
November 3, 1706	13:00	Abruzzo, Italy 1706 Abruzzo earthquake	42.1	14.1	2,400	6.8	Mw	[88]
October 28, 1707	14:00 local time	Japan 1707 Hōei earthquake	33.0	136.0	5,000+	8.6		[89]
October 14, 1709		Zhongwei, China 1709 Zhongwei earthquake	37.4	105.3	2,000+	7.5	Mw	[90] [91]
February 3, 1716		Algiers, Algeria 1716 Algiers earthquake	36.8	3.0	20,000		IX–X European macroseismic scale
June 19, 1718		Gansu, China 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake	35.0	105.2	73,000	7.5	Ms	[92]
April 26, 1721		Tabriz, Iran 1721 Tabriz earthquake	37.9	46.7	~80,000	7.7		[88]
July 8, 1730	08:45	Valparaíso, Chile 1730 Valparaíso earthquake	−32.5	−71.5	?	8.7		[93]
September 30, 1730	10:00 local time	Beijing, China	40.0	116.2	100s	6.5		[94] [95]
November 29, 1732	8:40 local time	Irpinia, Italy 1732 Irpinia earthquake	41.0727	15.0623		6.6	Ms	[96]
October 16, 1737	15:30 local time	Kamchatka, Russia 1737 Kamchatka earthquake	51.1	158.0		8.3	Ms	[97] [98]
January 4, 1739	18:00 UTC	Ningxia, China 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake	38.9	106.5	>50,000	8.0
October 28, 1746	22:30 local time	Lima & Callao, Peru 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake	−11.35	−77.28	4,000–5,000	8.6–8.8	Mw	[99]
May 25, 1751	1:00 local time	Concepción, Chile 1751 Concepción earthquake	−36.830	−73.030		8.5	MI	USGS
June 7, 1755		Northern Persia	34.0	51.5	1,200 40,000 [100]	5.9		[95] [101]
November 1, 1755	10:16	Lisbon, Portugal 1755 Lisbon earthquake	36	−11	80,000	8.5	Caused a huge tsunami	USGS
November 18, 1755	09:11	Boston, Massachusetts, United States 1755 Cape Ann earthquake	42.7	−70.2	0	5.9	Mw	[102] [103]
November 27, 1755		Fez and Meknes, Morocco 1755 Meknes earthquake	34	−5	15,000	6.5–7.0	Mw	[104] [105]
November 25, 1759	19:23 local time	Eastern Mediterranean 1759 Near East earthquakes	33.7	35.9	1,000s	7.4	Ms Earthquake in same area on October 30 considered to be a foreshock.	[21]
March 31, 1761	13:01 local time	Lisbon, Portugal 1761 Lisbon earthquake	34.5	13.0	Unknown	8.5	Ms Second major earthquake in Europe in six years.
April 2, 1762		Northeastern Bay of Bengal [106] 1762 Arakan earthquake	22.0	92.0	200	up to 8.8	Mw	[107]
June 28, 1763	05:28	Komárom, Kingdom of Hungary 1763 Komárom earthquake	47.73	18.15	83	6.2–6.5	Mw	[108]
May 22, 1766	05:10	Istanbul, Turkey 1766 Istanbul earthquake	40.8	29.0	4,000	7.1	Ms	[109]
October 21, 1766	04:30 local time	Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 1766 Southeastern Caribbean earthquake	11.0	−62.5		6.5–7.5	Ms  Destroyed Spanish colonial capital of San Jose, Trinidad (now St. Joseph).	[110] [111]
June 3, 1770	19:15 local time	Port-au-Prince, Haiti 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake	18.7	−72.63	200+	7.5	Mw	[112]
July 29, 1773		Guatemala 1773 Guatemala earthquake	14.6	-90.7	5–600	7.5
January 8, 1780		Tabriz, Iran 1780 Tabriz earthquake	38.0	46.2	40,000–200,000	7.4	Ms	[113] [114]
February 4–5, 1783; March 28, 1783	12:00	Calabria, Italy 1783 Calabrian earthquakes	38.15	15.70	35,000	6.9	Mw First in a sequence of five earthquakes Mw ≥ 5.9 to hit Calabria in less than two months.	[115]
June 1, 1786	04:00 local time	Sichuan, China 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake	29.9	102.0	~100,000	7.75	Mw Triggered a landslide that blocked the Dadu river – the collapse of the dam during an aftershock and subsequent flood caused most of the casualties.	[116]
March 28, 1787	11:30 local time	Oaxaca, Mexico 1787 New Spain earthquake	16.5	-98.5	11+	8.6	Mw
February 4, 1797	12:30	Quito, Ecuador & Cuzco, Peru 1797 Riobamba earthquake			41,000	7.3	Mw	[117]
February 10, 1797		Sumatra, East Indies (now Indonesia) 1797 Sumatra earthquake	−1.0	99.0	300	8.4		[118] [119] [120]

19th century

Date	Time‡	Place	Lat	Long	Fatalities	Mag.	Comments	Sources
October 26, 1802	10:55	Vrancea region, Moldavia, now Romania 1802 Vrancea earthquake	45.7	26.6	3 in Bucharest	7.9	Serious damage in the area. All church steeples in Bucharest collapsed, as well as many houses and Colţea bell tower.	[121] [122]
February 16, 1810	22:15	Crete, Heraklion 1810 Crete earthquake	35.5	25.6	2,000	7.5	Mw	[123]
December 16, 1811	08:00	New Madrid, Missouri, United States 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes	36.6	−89.6		8.1	MI	USGS
January 23, 1812	15:00	New Madrid, Missouri, United States 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes	36.6	−89.6		7.8	MI	USGS
February 7, 1812	09:45	New Madrid, Missouri, United States 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes	36.6	−89.6		8	MI (Johnston, 1996)	USGS
March 26, 1812	16:37	Caracas, La Guaira, El Tocuyo, San Felipe, Barquisimeto, Mérida, La Victoria, Valencia, Venezuela 1812 Caracas earthquake			15,000–20,000	7.7–8.0
December 8, 1812	7:00 a.m. local time	Alta California 1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake			40	6.9–7.5	Destroyed the "Great Stone Church" at Mission San Juan Capistrano
December 21, 1812	11:00 a.m. local time	Santa Barbara Channel, California, United States 1812 Ventura earthquake	34.12	−119.54	1–2	7.1–7.5	Destroyed the church at Mission Santa Barbara, caused near-total destruction at Mission La Purísima Concepción, and considerable damage at Mission Santa Inés	Southern California Earthquake Data Center
June 16, 1819	18:45–18:50 local time	Gujarat, India 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake	23.0	71.0	>1,543	7.7–8.2	Mw Formed an 80 km long ridge, the Allah Bund ('Dam of God')	[124]
June 2, 1823	08:00	south flank of Kīlauea, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii	19.3	−155		7	MI (Klein and Wright, 2000)	USGS
August 26, 1833		Himalayas, Nepal–India–Tibet region 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake	28.3	85.5	~500	7.7–7.9	Mw	[125]
November 25, 1833		Sumatra, East Indies (now Indonesia) 1833 Sumatra earthquake	−2.5	100.5	"numerous victims"	8.8–9.2	Mw Huge tsunami flooded all southern part of western Sumatra	[118] [120] [126]
June 10, 1836	15:30	south San Francisco Bay region, California, Mexico (now United States)	36.9	−121.5		6.5	MI (Bakun, 1999) Reports probably refer to the 1838 San Andreas earthquake, misreported in 1868 following the Hayward earthquake of that year	USGS, [127]
January 1, 1837	16:00 local time	Galilee, Palestine 1837 Galilee earthquake	33.0	35.5	6,000–7,000	>7.0	Ms	[21] [128]
June 1838		San Francisco Peninsula, California, Mexico (now United States) 1838 San Andreas earthquake	37.3	−123.2		6.8	MI (Bakun, 1999)	USGS
January 11, 1839	06:00 local time	Offshore Martinique, France 1839 Martinique earthquake	14.5	–60.5	700–4,000	7.8–8.0	Severe damage in Martinique, and felt throughout most of the Lesser Antilles
March 23, 1839	04:00	Inwa, Kingdom of Burma (present day Myanmar) 1839 Ava earthquake	21.9	96.0	300–500	8.1–8.2	Destroyed the city of Amarapura, Mandalay and the former capital Inwa.	[129]
January 5, 1843	02:45	Marked Tree, Arkansas, United States	35.5	−90.5		6.3	MI (Johnston, 1996)	USGS
February 8, 1843	10:37 local time	Guadeloupe, France 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake	16.5	62.2	1,500–5,000	8.5
May 8, 1847		Around Zenkō-ji Temple, (now in Nagano Prefecture, Chūbu region,) Japan 1847 Zenkoji earthquake	36.7	138.2	>8,600	7.4	2,094 houses lost by fire with quake at Nagano.	[130]
November 26, 1852		Banda Sea, Dutch East Indies 1852 Banda Sea earthquake	5.24	129.75	60+	7.5–8.8	Mw  Major tsunami.
December 23, 1854	09:00	Honshu, Japan 1854 Tōkai earthquake	34.0	137.8	2,000	8.4	Major tsunami.	[131]
December 24, 1854	16:00	Honshu, Japan 1854 Nankai earthquake	33.0	135.0	thousands	8.4	Major tsunami	[131]
January 23, 1855	21:11 local time	Wairarapa, New Zealand 1855 Wairarapa earthquake	−41.4	174.5	4	8.0 (approx)	Raised sections of Wellington coastline by 2 metres.	–
November 11, 1855	22:00 local time	Edo (now Tokyo, Kantō region), Japan 1855 Edo earthquake	35.65	139.8	~ 7,000	7.0	Ms 10,000 houses destroyed in Edo.	安政の大地震 in Japanese
October 12, 1856	02:38 or 02:24 local time	Crete-Rhodes, Greece (then the Ottoman Empire) 1856 Heraklion earthquake	35.5	26.0	600+	7.7–8.3 Mw	Widespread damage to Greece, Malta, Anatolia and the Middle East.
January 9, 1857	16:24	Fort Tejon, California, United States (San Andreas Fault from Parkfield to Wrightwood) 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake			1	7.9	M (Grant and Sieh, 1993; Stein and Hanks, 1998)	USGS
December 16, 1857	21:00	Naples, Italy 1857 Basilicata earthquake	40.3	16	11,000	6.9	MI	USGS
February 16, 1861		Sumatra, East Indies (now Indonesia) 1861 Sumatra earthquake	1.0	97,5	905	8.5	Caused a major tsunami.	[132] [133]
March 20, 1861	20:36	Mendoza Province, Argentina 1861 Mendoza earthquake	-32.9	-68.9	5,235	7.2	Strongest earthquake in Mendoza Province and proportional most deadly in Argentinean history.	INPRES
October 8, 1865	20:46	San Jose, California, United States	37.2	−121.9		6.5	MI (Bakun, 1999)	USGS
April 14, 1867	14:30	Manhattan, Riley County, Kansas 1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake	39.2	–96.3		5.1	Mfa
June 10, 1867	21:09	Central Java, Dutch East Indies 1867 Java earthquake	-8.7	110.6	700	7.8	Mw
November 18, 1867	18:45	Anegada Passage, between the British Virgin Islands and Danish West Indies (present-day US Virgin Islands) 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami	18.2	–65.0	~30	7.3–7.5		NGDC
December 18, 1867	09:00	New Taipei City, Taiwan 1867 Keelung earthquake	25.34	121.91	580	7.0	Mw . Thought to be the only destructive tsunami (15 meters) in Taiwan.
April 3, 1868	02:25	Kau, southeast Hawaii, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii 1868 Hawaii earthquake	19.2	−155.5	77	7.9	MI (Klein and Wright, 2000)	USGS
August 13, 1868	16:45 local time	Arica, Chile 1868 Arica earthquake	−18.500	−70.350	25,000	8.5-9.3	Mw, Okal et al. (2006) gives upper end magnitude	USGS
October 21, 1868	15:53	Hayward, California, United States, Hayward Fault Zone 1868 Hayward earthquake	37.7	−122.1	30	6.8	MI (Bakun, 1999)	USGS
February 20, 1871	08:42	Molokai, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii 1871 Lānaʻi earthquake	21.2	−156.9		6.8	MI (Klein and Wright, 2000)	USGS
March 26, 1872	10:30	Owens Valley, California, United States 1872 Owens Valley earthquake	36.5	−118	27	7.6	M (Beanland and Clark, 1994)	USGS
December 15, 1872	05:40	North Cascades, Washington, United States 1872 North Cascades earthquake	47.9	−120.3		7.3	MI (Malone and Bor, 1979; Rogers et al., 1983)	USGS
May 10, 1877	21:16 local time	Iquique, Chile 1877 Iquique earthquake	−19.600	−70.230	2,541	8.8	Mw	USGS
November 9, 1880	7:04 local time	Zagreb, Croatia 1880 Zagreb earthquake	45.9	16.1	1	6.2	Ms	[134]
April 3, 1881	11:30	Chios, Çeşme, Alaçatı 1881 Chios earthquake	38.25	26.25	7,866	6.5	Mw	[135]
December 31, 1881	01:49	India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake	8.52	92.43	0	7.9	Mw	[136]
September 7, 1882	3:50 local time	San Blas Islands, Panama 1882 Panama earthquake	10.0	79.0	250	8.3	Ms Largest earthquake in Panamanian history	[137]
December 25, 1884	09:18	Andalusia, Spain 1884 Andalusian earthquake	-36.96	4.07	1,200	6.5	Mw
August 27, 1886	21:32	Filiatra, western Peloponnese, Greece 1886 Peloponnese earthquake	37.1	21.5	600	7.5	unknown	[138]
August 31, 1886	02:51	Charleston, South Carolina, United States 1886 Charleston earthquake	32.9	−80	60	7.3	MI (Johnston, 1996) Believed to be the largest earthquake ever to strike the east coast.	USGS
February 23, 1887	06:30 local time	Liguria, Italy 1887 Liguria earthquake	43.78	8.07	600–3,000	6.3–7.5	Mw  The earthquake caused severe damage along the Ligurian coast and caused the town of Bussana Vecchia to be abandoned.	[139] [140]
September 1, 1888	04:10 local time	North Canterbury, New Zealand 1888 North Canterbury earthquake	−42.6	172.4		7.0–7.3	First earthquake observed to be associated with mainly horizontal fault displacement.	–
July 28, 1889	23:40	Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan 1889 Kumamoto earthquake	32.8	130.7	20	6.3		[26]
October 27, 1891	21:38	Mino-Owari (Gifu-Aichi Prefectures), Tōkai region, Japan 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake	35.6	136.6	7,273	8	MS	USGS
April 19, 1892	10:50	Vacaville, California, United States 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes	38.5	−121.8	1	6.4	MI (Bakun, 1999)	USGS
April 21, 1892	17:43	Winters, California, United States 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes	38.6	−122		6.4	MI (Bakun, 1999)	USGS
November 17, 1893	15:06	Quchan, Iran 1893 Quchan earthquake	37.2	58.4	18,000	6.6	Ms	[141]
October 31, 1895	11:08	Charleston, Missouri, United States 1895 Charleston earthquake	37	−89.4		6.6	MI (Johnston, 1996)	USGS
June 15, 1896	19:32	Off the Pacific coast of Sanriku, Iwate Prefecture, Tōhoku region, Japan 1896 Sanriku earthquake	39.5	144	22,000+	8.0–8.1 (approx)	Mw	USGS
June 12, 1897	11:06	Assam, India 1897 Assam earthquake	26	91	1,500	8.3		USGS
September 21, 1897	05:12	Mindanao, Philippines 1897 Mindanao earthquakes	6.0	122.0	13	7.5	MS	[142] [143]
September 4, 1899	00:22	Cape Yakataga, Alaska, United States 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes	60	-142		7.9	MS	USGS
September 10, 1899	21:41	Yakutat Bay, Alaska, United States 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes	60	−142		8	MS	USGS
September 20, 1899	04:00	Ottoman Empire 1899 Aydın–Denizli earthquake	37.9	28.1	1,117	7.1	Mw	NGDC
October 9, 1900	12:28	Kodiak Island, Alaska, United States	57.1	−153.5		7.7	MS	USGS
October 28, 1900	09:11	offshore Miranda, Venezuela 1900 San Narciso earthquake	11.0	−66.0	140	7.7	Ms	USGS

Source for all events with 'USGS' labelled as the source United States Geological Survey (USGS) Note: Magnitudes are generally estimations from intensity data. When no magnitude was available, the maximum intensity, written as a Roman numeral from I to XII, is given.

See also

• Archaeoseismology
• Lists of 20th-century earthquakes
• Lists of 21st-century earthquakes
• List of tsunamis
• Lists of earthquakes
• List of megathrust earthquakes

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External links

• Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
• Earthquakes Canada
• Historical earthquakes in Europe
• IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
• Recent New Zealand earthquakes
• SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
• USGS list of current earthquakes
• USGS list of earthquakes magnitude 6.0 and greater sorted by magnitude
• Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to present – National Geophysical Data Center
• Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006 – Building Research Institute (Japan)