List of earthquakes in 1929

Earthquakes in 1929

class=notpageimage| Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1929 4.0–5.9 magnitude 6.0–6.9 magnitude 7.0–7.9 magnitude 8.0+ magnitude
Strongest magnitude	United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands (Magnitude 8.1) June 27
Deadliest	Turkmen SSR, Ahal Province (Magnitude 7.2) May 1 3,800 deaths
Total fatalities	3,972
Number by magnitude
9.0+	0
←  1928 1930  →

This is a list of earthquakes in 1929. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Several large events occurred this year with the main focus of the activity being in Alaska with 4 magnitude 7.0 + events. The deadliest earthquake struck Turkmenistan in May with 3,800 of the years 3,972 deaths in this event. A rare earthquake struck the north Atlantic Ocean in November with the deaths of 28 in Canada being caused by a tsunami. Dutch East Indies was notably quiet this year.

Overall

By death toll

Rank	Death toll	Magnitude	Location	MMI	Depth (km)	Date
1	3,800	7.2	Turkmen SSR, Ahal Province	( )	10.0	May 1
2	64	6.5	Turkey, Sivas Province	VIII (Severe)	35.0	May 18
3	50	6.7	Venezuela, off the coast of Sucre (state)	IX (Violent)	10.0	January 17
4	28	7.2	Canada, south of Newfoundland	VI (Strong)	10.0	November 18
5	17	7.3	New Zealand, Tasman District, South Island	( )	20.0	June 16

• Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

Rank	Magnitude	Death toll	Location	MMI	Depth (km)	Date
1	8.1	0	United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands	( )	15.0	June 27
= 2	7.8	0	United States, south of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska	V (Moderate)	15.0	March 7
= 2	7.8	0	United States, Near Islands, Alaska	( )	20.0	December 17
3	7.7	0	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	VII (Very strong)	160.0	January 13
= 4	7.3	0	Canada, south of Haida Gwaii	( )	15.0	May 26
= 4	7.3	17	New Zealand, Tasman District, South Island	( )	20.0	June 16
= 4	7.3	0	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	( )	35.0	July 7
= 5	7.2	3,800	Turkmen SSR, Ahal Province	( )	10.0	May 1
= 5	7.2	0	Philippines, Mindanao	X (Extreme)	35.0	June 13
= 5	7.2	28	Canada, south of Newfoundland	VI (Strong)	10.0	November 18
= 6	7.1	0	Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province	( )	200.0	February 1
= 6	7.1	0	central Mid-Atlantic Ridge	( )	10.0	February 2
= 6	7.1	0	northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge	( )	10.0	February 22
= 6	7.1	0	Philippines, southern Mindanao	( )	35.0	June 4
= 6	7.1	0	United States, Federated States of Micronesia, State of Yap	( )	10.0	November 15
= 7	7.0	0	New Zealand, Canterbury, New Zealand	( )	20.0	March 9
= 7	7.0	0	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	( )	35.0	July 5
= 7	7.0	0	Philippines, off the southeast coast of Mindanao	( )	35.0	November 17

• Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

January

Strongest magnitude	7.7 Mw Russian SFSR
Deadliest	6.7 Mw   Venezuela 50 deaths
Total fatalities	52
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	1
6.0–6.9	6
5.0–5.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
13 [1] [2]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	7.7	160.0	VII
13 [3]	China, Inner Mongolia	6.0	0.0	VIII	2 people were killed and 100 homes were destroyed. Depth unknown.	2
16 [4]	Philippines, Luzon	6.2	25.0
17 [5] [6]	Venezuela, off the coast of Sucre (state)	6.7	10.0	IX	50 people were killed and 800 were injured during the 1929 Cumaná earthquake . Major damage was caused.	50	800
19 [7]	British Burma, Kachin State	5.5	0.0	IX	Some damage was caused. Depth unknown.
21 [8]	United States, central Alaska	6.2	35.0
22 [9]	Italian Somaliland, off the northwest coast	6.0	35.0
24 [10]	Guatemala, off the south coast	6.9	15.0

February

February

Strongest magnitude	7.1 Mw 3 events
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	3
6.0–6.9	4

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
1 [11] [12]	Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province	7.1	200.0		Fairly heavy damage was caused.
2 [13]	central Mid-Atlantic Ridge	7.1	10.0
6 [14]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	6.8	165.0
10 [15]	Guatemala, off the south coast	6.7	30.0
14 [16]	Japan, Ryukyu Islands	6.0	35.0
22 [17]	northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge	7.1	10.0
26 [18]	United States, Alaska Peninsula	6.4	30.0

March

March

Strongest magnitude	7.8 Mw   United States
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	3

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
3 [19]	Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province	6.2	250.0
7 [20] [21] [22]	United States, south of the Aleutian Islands	7.8	15.0	V	A tsunami was reported which caused some damage.
9 [23]	New Zealand, Canterbury, New Zealand	7.0	20.0		1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
10 [24]	United States, Northern Mariana Islands	6.6	200.0
21 [25]	Guatemala, off the south coast	6.4	35.0

April

April

Strongest magnitude	6.6 Mw   Philippines
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
8 [26]	Philippines, Mindanao	6.6	610.0
17 [27]	Japan, off the east coast of Honshu	6.0	100.0

May

May

Strongest magnitude	7.3 Mw   Canada
Deadliest	7.2 Mw Turkmen SSR 3,800 deaths
Total fatalities	3,864
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	6

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
1 [28] [29]	Turkmen SSR, Ahal Province	7.2	10.0		Major damage was caused in the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake. 3,800 people were killed.	3,800
7 [30]	Dutch East Indies, off the north coast of Papua (province)	6.5	25.0
18 [31]	Ethiopian Empire, Afar Region	6.0	35.0
18 [32] [33]	Turkey, Sivas Province	6.5	35.0	VIII	The 1929 Suşehri earthquake killed 64 people.	64
21 [34]	Japan, off the east coast of Kyushu	6.7	35.0
25 [35]	Peru, Ucayali Region	6.8	160.0
26 [36] [37] [38]	Canada, south of Haida Gwaii	7.3	15.0		Some damage was caused and a tsunami was observed.
30 [39]	Argentina, Mendoza Province	6.6	10.0

June

June

Strongest magnitude	8.1 Mw   United Kingdom
Deadliest	7.3 Mw   New Zealand 17 deaths
Total fatalities	17
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	1
7.0–7.9	3
6.0–6.9	9

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
2 [40]	Japan, off the south coast of Honshu	6.9	350.4
3 [41]	Kazakh ASSR, Kyzylorda Region	6.5	35.0
4 [42]	Philippines, Davao Gulf, Mindanao	7.1	200.0
9 [43]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	6.5	35.0		Foreshock to event on June 13.
12 [44]	New Guinea, East Sepik Province	6.6	120.0
13 [45]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	6.9	35.0
13 [46] [47]	Philippines, Mindanao	7.2	35.0	X	Many homes were destroyed.
13 [48]	Philippines, east of Mindanao	6.4	35.0		Aftershock.
16 [49] [50]	New Zealand, Tasman District	7.3	20.0		17 people died in the 1929 Murchison earthquake. Many homes were destroyed.	17
19 [51]	Philippines, east of Mindanao	6.4	35.0		Aftershock.
20 [52]	Dutch East Indies, East Java	6.2	60.0
27 [53]	United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands	8.1	15.0
30 [54]	Philippines, east of Mindanao	6.5	30.0		Aftershock.

July

July

Strongest magnitude	7.3 Mw   United States
Deadliest	6.2 Mw Iran 6 deaths
Total fatalities	11
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	6
5.0–5.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
3 [55]	United States, central Alaska	6.2	35.0
4 [56]	United States, central Alaska	6.5	20.0
5 [57]	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	7.0	35.0		Foreshock.
5 [58]	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	6.5	25.0		Foreshock.
7 [59]	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	7.3	35.0
13 [60]	Iran, North Khorasan Province	5.8	57.0		5 people were killed and some damage was caused.	5
15 [61] [62]	Iran, Khuzestan Province	6.2	35.0		6 people died and some damage was caused.	6
23 [63] [64]	Iceland, Reykjavík	6.2	10.0	X
26 [65]	Japan, Yamanashi Prefecture, Honshu	6.5	60.0

August

August

Strongest magnitude	6.6 Mw British Burma
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	4

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
1 [66]	India, Andaman Islands	6.5	35.0
3 [67]	Western Samoa Trust Territory, south of	6.5	35.0
8 [68]	British Burma, Magway Region	6.6	15.0
19 [69]	Taiwan, off the east coast	6.5	35.0

September

September

Strongest magnitude	6.5 Mw Iran
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	3

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
3 [70]	Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan Province	6.5	110.0
21 [71]	Philippines, south of Leyte	6.0	300.0
27 [72]	Mexico, Gulf of California	6.0	35.0

October

October

Strongest magnitude	6.8 Mw   Chile
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	7

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
5 [73]	Russian SFSR, eastern Kamchatka	6.3	50.0
6 [74]	United States, Hawaii (island)	6.4	10.0
8 [75]	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	6.5	35.0
16 [76]	British Burma, Kachin State	6.3	15.0
19 [77]	Chile, Antofagasta Region	6.8	65.0
19 [78]	Chile, Antofagasta Region	6.0	100.0		Aftershock.
24 [79]	Taiwan, southwest of	6.5	35.0

November

November

Strongest magnitude	7.2 Mw northern Atlantic Ocean
Deadliest	7.2 Mw northern Atlantic Ocean 28 deaths
Total fatalities	28
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	3
6.0–6.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
5 [80]	Philippines, off the east coast of Mindanao	6.2	35.0
15 [81]	United States, Federated States of Micronesia, State of Yap	7.1	10.0
17 [82]	Philippines, off the southeast coast of Mindanao	7.0	35.0
18 [83] [84] [85]	northern Atlantic Ocean	7.2	10.0	VI	The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake was one of the largest on record in this area. The earthquake generated a tsunami which affected Newfoundland, Canada. 28 people were killed and property damage costs were $1 million (1929 rate).	28
23 [86]	Dutch East Indies, Papua (province)	6.8	35.0

December

December

Strongest magnitude	7.8 Mw   United States
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	1
6.0–6.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
9 [87]	Dutch East Indies, off the west coast of Sumatra	6.7	25.0
17 [88]	United States, Near Islands, Alaska	7.8	20.0
27 [89]	Dutch East Indies, Ceram Sea	6.5	230.0

References

1. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 13, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
2. "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. January 13, 1929. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
3. "Significant Earthquake: CHINA: NEI MONGOL". National Geophysical Data Center. January 13, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
4. "M 6.2 - Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. January 16, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
5. "M 6.7 - offshore Sucre, Venezuela". United States Geological Survey. January 17, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
6. "Significant Earthquake: VENEZUELA: CUMANA". National Geophysical Data Center. January 17, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
7. "Significant Earthquake: MYANMAR (BURMA): HTAWGAW". National Geophysical Data Center. January 19, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
8. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 21, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
9. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 22, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
10. "M 6.9 - offshore Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. January 24, 1929. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
11. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 1, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
12. "Significant Earthquake: AFGHANISTAN: HINDU KUSH". National Geophysical Data Center. February 1, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
13. "M 7.1 - central Mid-Atlantic Ridge". United States Geological Survey. February 1, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
14. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 6, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
15. "M 6.7 - offshore Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. February 10, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
16. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 14, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
17. "M 7.1 - northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge". United States Geological Survey. February 22, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
18. "M 6.4 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. February 26, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
19. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 3, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
20. "M 7.8 - south of the Aleutian Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 7, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
21. "Significant Earthquake: ALASKA: ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: FOX ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. March 7, 1929. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
22. "Tsunami Event: FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, AK". National Geophysical Data Center. March 7, 1929. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
23. "M 7.0 - South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. March 9, 1929. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
24. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 10, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
25. "M 6.4 - offshore Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. March 21, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
26. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 8, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
27. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 17, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
28. "M 7.2 - Turkmenistan". United States Geological Survey. May 1, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
29. "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: KOPET-DAGH". National Geophysical Data Center. May 1, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
30. "M 6.5 - near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. May 7, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
31. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 18, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
32. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 18, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
33. "Significant Earthquake: TURKEY: SUSEHRI". National Geophysical Data Center. May 18, 1929. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
34. "M 6.7 - Kyushu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. May 21, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
35. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 25, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
36. "M 7.3 - Haida Gwaii Region, Canada". United States Geological Survey. May 26, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
37. "Significant Earthquake: CANADA: QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. May 26, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
38. "Tsunami Event: BRITISH COLUMBIA". National Geophysical Data Center. May 26, 1929. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
39. "M 6.6 - Mendoza, Argentina". United States Geological Survey. May 30, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
40. "M 6.9 - near the south coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 2, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
41. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 3, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
42. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 4, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
43. "M 6.5 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. June 9, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
44. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 12, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
45. "M 6.9 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. June 13, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
46. "M 7.2 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 13, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
47. "Significant Earthquake: PHILIPPINES: MINDANAO: HINATUAN,EBRO". National Geophysical Data Center. June 13, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
48. "M 6.4 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 13, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
49. "M 7.3 - South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
50. "Significant Earthquake: NEW ZEALAND: SOUTH ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. June 16, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
51. "M 6.4 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 19, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
52. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 20, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
53. "M 8.1 - South Sandwich Islands region". United States Geological Survey. June 27, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
54. "M 6.5 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 30, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
55. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 3, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
56. "M 6.5 - Central Alaska". United States Geological Survey. July 4, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
57. "M 7.0 - Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. July 5, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
58. "M 6.5 - Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. July 5, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
59. "M 7.3 - Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. July 7, 1929. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
60. "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: FARUJ". National Geophysical Data Center. July 13, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
61. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 15, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
62. "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: MASJED SOLEYMAN,ANDARKAH". National Geophysical Data Center. July 15, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
63. "M 6.2 - Iceland". United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
64. "Significant Earthquake: ICELAND". National Geophysical Data Center. July 23, 1929. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
65. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 26, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
66. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 1, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
67. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 3, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
68. "M 6.6 - Myanmar". United States Geological Survey. August 8, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
69. "M 6.5 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. August 19, 1929. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
70. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 3, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
71. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 21, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
72. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 27, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
73. "M 6.3 - near the east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". United States Geological Survey. October 5, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
74. "M 6.4 - Hawaii region, Hawaii". United States Geological Survey. October 6, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
75. "M 6.5 - Kermadec Islands region". United States Geological Survey. October 8, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
76. "M 6.3 - Myanmar-China border region". United States Geological Survey. October 16, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
77. "M 6.8 - Antofagasta, Chile". United States Geological Survey. October 19, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
78. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 19, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
79. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 24, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
80. "M 6.2 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
81. "M 7.1 - State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia". United States Geological Survey. November 15, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
82. "M 7.0 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. November 17, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
83. "M 7.2 - North Atlantic Ocean". United States Geological Survey. November 18, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
84. "Significant Earthquake: CANADA: GRAND BANKS". National Geophysical Data Center. November 18, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
85. "Tsunami Event: GRAND BANKS, NEWFOUNDLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. November 18, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
86. "M 6.8 - Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. November 23, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
87. "M 6.7 - off the west coast of northern Sumatra". United States Geological Survey. December 9, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
88. "M 7.8 - Near Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. December 17, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
89. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 27, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2016.