List of earthquakes in 1930

Earthquakes in 1930

class=notpageimage| Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1930 4.0–5.9 magnitude 6.0–6.9 magnitude 7.0–7.9 magnitude 8.0+ magnitude
Strongest magnitude	Japan, off the east coast of Honshu (Magnitude 7.7) November 10
Deadliest	Italy, Province of Avellino (Magnitude 6.4) July 23 1,430 deaths
Total fatalities	4,254
Number by magnitude
9.0+	0
←  1929 1931  →

This is a list of earthquakes in 1930. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Many earthquakes caused deaths and destruction of property. Italy and Iran bore the brunt of the casualties. Several events occurred in Burma, Japan, China and Tajikistan among others.

Overall

By death toll

Rank	Death toll	Magnitude	Location	MMI	Depth (km)	Date
1	1,430	6.4	Italy, Campania	X (Extreme)	15.0	July 23
2	1,360	7.1	Iran, West Azerbaijan Province	( )	15.0	May 6
3	500	7.5	British Burma, Bago Region	IX (Violent)	35.0	May 5
4	259	6.9	Japan, Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu	( )	15.0	November 25
5	200	5.5	China, Sichuan Province	( )	0.0	August 24
6	175	6.3	Tajik SSR, Districts of Republican Subordination	( )	0.0	September 22
7	51	6.8	Greece, southern Aegean Sea	XI (Extreme)	130.0	February 14
8	50	0.0	British Burma, Ayeyarwady Region	( )	0.0	July 18
9	42	6.0	China, Yunnan Province	VIII (Severe)	0.0	May 14
10	39	6.0	Argentina, Salta Province	VIII (Severe)	35.0	December 24
11	36	7.4	British Burma, Bago Region	( )	10.0	December 3
12	35	6.0	Albanian Kingdom, Vlore County	XI (Extreme)	35.0	November 21
13	27	6.5	New Guinea, Bismarck Sea	( )	33.0	December 23
14	25	5.0	Albanian Kingdom, Vlore County	IX (Violent)	4.0	December 2
15	18	6.0	Italy off the east coast of Italy	IX (Violent)	35.0	October 30

• Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

Rank	Magnitude	Death toll	Location	MMI	Depth (km)	Date
1	7.7	0	Japan, off the east coast of Honshu	( )	30.0	November 10
2	7.5	500	British Burma, Bago Region	IX (Violent)	35.0	May 5
3	7.4	36	British Burma, Bago Region	( )	10.0	December 3
4	7.2	0	United States, Northern Mariana Islands	( )	25.0	October 24
= 5	7.1	1,360	Iran, West Azerbaijan Province	( )	15.0	May 6
= 5	7.1	0	India, Meghalaya	IX (Violent)	15.0	July 2
= 5	7.1	0	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	( )	110.0	July 22
= 6	7.0	0	Dutch East Indies, off the west coast of Wetar	( )	10.0	March 26
= 6	7.0	0	New Guinea, off the southwest coast of New Britain	( )	35.0	June 11
= 6	7.0	0	Dutch East Indies, Papua (province)	( )	25.0	November 9

• Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

January

Strongest magnitude	6.9 Mw Russian SFSR
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	2
5.0–5.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
3 [1]	China, Jiangsu Province	5.5	0.0	VII	At least 51 people were hurt and some damage was caused. The depth was unknown.		51+
5 [2]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	6.9	160.0
18 [3]	New Guinea, southeast of New Ireland (island)	6.5	35.0

February

February

Strongest magnitude	6.8 Mw Greece
Deadliest	6.8 Mw Greece 51+ deaths
Total fatalities	51+
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
14 [4] [5]	Greece, southern Aegean Sea	6.8	130.0	XI	At least 51 people were killed.	51+

March

March

Strongest magnitude	7.0 Mw   Dutch East Indies
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	1
6.0–6.9	4

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
6 [6]	Greece, south of Crete	6.0	100.0
8 [7]	Panama, north of	6.2	35.0
10 [8]	Russian SFSR, Sea of Okhotsk	6.5	620.0
26 [9]	Italy, Aeolian Islands	0.0	0.0	IX	Some damage was caused. The magnitude and depth was unknown.
26 [10]	Dutch East Indies, west of Wetar	7.0	10.0
30 [11]	Dutch East Indies, northern Wetar	6.5	10.0

April

April

Strongest magnitude	6.6 Mw   United States
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
26 [12]	United States, Rat Islands, Alaska	6.6	35.0
28 [13]	China, Yunnan Province	6.3	35.0

May

May

Strongest magnitude	7.5 Mw British Burma
Deadliest	7.1 Mw Iran 1,360
Total fatalities	1,902
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	7

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
1 [14]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	6.7	140.0
5 [15] [16]	British Burma, Bago Region	7.5	35.0	IX	The 1930 Bago earthquake killed 500 people and many homes were damaged or destroyed. A tsunami was triggered.	500
6 [17] [18]	Iran, West Azerbaijan Province	7.1	15.0		1,360 people were killed in the 1930 Salmas earthquake.	1,360
11 [19]	Iran, Hormozgan Province	6.0	35.0
14 [20]	China, Yunnan Province	6.0	0.0	VIII	42 people were killed and at least 51 were injured. Many homes were destroyed.	42	51+
19 [21]	Taiwan, south of	6.5	50.0
23 [22]	Japan, Izu Islands	6.8	115.0
29 [23]	Colombia, Antioquia Department	6.0	220.0
30 [24]	Dutch East Indies, Celebes Sea	6.2	300.0

June

June

Strongest magnitude	7.0 Mw   New Guinea
Total fatalities	0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	1
6.0–6.9	5

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
4 [25]	Dutch East Indies, Banda Sea	6.8	365.0
11 [26]	New Guinea, southwest of New Britain	7.0	35.0
19 [27]	Dutch East Indies, off the south coast of Sumatra	6.2	35.0
25 [28]	Peru, Ica Region	6.4	30.0		Foreshock.
25 [29]	United Kingdom, British Virgin Islands	6.2	35.0
25 [30]	Peru, off the coast of Ica Region	6.6	15.0

July

July

Strongest magnitude	7.1 Mw 2 events
Deadliest	6.4 Mw   Italy 1,430 deaths
Total fatalities	1,480
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	3
5.0–5.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
2 [31] [32]	India, Meghalaya	7.1	15.0	IX	The 1930 Dhubri earthquake caused major damage.
5 [33]	Spain, Andalusia	5.6	0.0		Some damage was caused. Depth unknown.
13 [34]	China, Qinghai Province	6.5	10.0
14 [35]	Guatemala, Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala	6.9	15.0
18 [36]	British Burma, Ayeyarwady Region	0.0	0.0		50 people were killed and some damage was reported. The magnitude and depth were unknown.	50
22 [37]	Russian SFSR, Kuril Islands	7.1	110.0
23 [38] [39]	Italy, Campania	6.4	15.0	X	1,430 deaths were caused by the 1930 Irpinia earthquake. 3,188 homes were destroyed.	1,430

August

August

Strongest magnitude	6.8 Mw Taiwan
Deadliest	5.5 Mw   China 200 deaths
Total fatalities	201
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	2
5.0–5.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
4 [40]	Brazil, Acre (state)	6.5	650.0
20 [41]	Taiwan, off the northeast coast	6.8	15.0
24 [42]	China, Sichuan Province	5.5	0.0		200 people were killed and some damage was reported. Depth unknown.	200
31 [43] [44]	United States, off the coast of Malibu, California	5.2	15.0	VII	1 person drowned due to large waves. Some damage was caused.	1

September

September

Strongest magnitude	6.9 Mw   China
Deadliest	6.3 Mw Tajik SSR 175 deaths
Total fatalities	175
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	0
6.0–6.9	7

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
11 [45]	Turkey, Antalya Province	6.0	35.0
14 [46]	New Hebrides	6.5	280.0
21 [47] [48]	China, Yunnan Province	6.9	15.0	VIII	Some homes were destroyed.
22 [49]	Tajik SSR, Districts of Republican Subordination	6.3	0.0		175 people died in the event. Depth unknown.	175
22 [50]	India, Manipur	6.2	35.0
23 [51]	Argentina, Salta Province	6.5	150.0
30 [52]	New Guinea, off the north coast	6.6	15.0

October

October

Strongest magnitude	7.2 Mw   United States
Deadliest	6.0 Mw   Italy 18 deaths
Total fatalities	19
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	1
6.0–6.9	5
5.0–5.9	1

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
2 [53]	Iran, Mazandaran Province	5.0	0.0		1 person was killed and some damage was caused.	1
3 [54]	Dutch East Indies, Papua (province)	6.0	35.0
8 [55]	New Hebrides	6.7	15.0
24 [56]	United States, Northern Mariana Islands	7.2	25.0
28 [57]	United States, Northern Mariana Islands	6.5	25.0		Aftershock.
30 [58] [59]	Italy, off the east coast	6.0	35.0	IX	The 1930 Senigallia earthquake caused 18 deaths and many homes to collapse.	18
31 [60]	British Solomon Islands	6.5	15.0

November

November

Strongest magnitude	7.7 Mw   Japan
Deadliest	6.9 Mw   Japan 259 deaths
Total fatalities	294
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	5

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
8 [61]	Celebes Sea	6.9	650.0
9 [62]	Dutch East Indies, Papua (province)	7.0	25.0
10 [63]	Japan, off the east coast of Honshu	7.7	30.0
10 [64]	Dutch East Indies, Papua (province)	6.9	30.0		Remotely triggered earthquake.
21 [65] [66]	Albanian Kingdom, Vlore County	6.0	35.0	XI	35 people died and a further 108 were injured. 980 homes were destroyed.	35	108
24 [67]	Ecuador, Pastaza Province	6.2	100.0
25 [68] [69]	Japan, Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu	6.9	15.0		259 people were killed in the 1930 North Izu earthquake. 1,285 were injured. 8,099 homes were destroyed.	259	1,285

December

December

Strongest magnitude	7.4 Mw British Burma
Deadliest	6.0 Mw   Argentina 39 deaths
Total fatalities	132
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.9	0
7.0–7.9	2
6.0–6.9	9
5.0–5.9	2

Date	Country and location	Mw	Depth (km)	MMI	Notes	Casualties
						Dead	Injured
2 [70]	Albanian Kingdom, Vlore County	5.0	4.0	IX	25 people were killed and some damage was caused.	25
2 [71]	British Burma, Kachin State	6.2	35.0
3 [72] [73]	British Burma, Bago Region	7.4	10.0		The 1930 Pyu earthquake left 36 people dead and at least 101 injured. Some homes were destroyed or damaged.	36	101+
6 [74]	United States, Andreanof Islands, Alaska	6.5	80.0
8 [75] [76]	Taiwan, Tainan	6.3	15.0		5 people were killed and at least 51 were injured. 297 homes were destroyed.	5	51+
13 [77]	Japan, Hokkaido	6.5	100.0
21 [78]	Philippines, Babuyan Islands	6.9	170.0
22 [79]	Taiwan, Tainan	5.5	0.0		Aftershock of December 8 event. 121 homes were destroyed. Depth unknown.
23 [80] [81]	New Guinea, Bismarck Sea	6.5	33.0		A tsunami struck the area with 27 deaths and 8 injuries being caused. 104 homes were washed away.	27	8
23 [82]	Japan, Hokkaido	6.0	150.0
24 [83] [84]	Argentina, Salta Province	6.0	35.0	VIII	39 people were killed and at least 101 were injured. Many homes were destroyed or damaged.	39	101+
29 [85]	Chile, Atacama Region	6.0	0.0		Depth unknown.

References

1. "Significant Earthquake: CHINA: JIANGSU PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. January 3, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
2. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 5, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
3. "M 6.5 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. January 18, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
4. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 14, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
5. "Significant Earthquake: GREECE: AITANIA-VATHIA (CRETE)". National Geophysical Data Center. February 14, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
6. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 6, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
7. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 8, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
8. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 10, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
9. "Significant Earthquake: ITALY: FILICUDI ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. March 26, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
10. "M 7.0 - Kepulauan Barat Daya, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. March 26, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
11. "M 6.5 - Kepulauan Barat Daya, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. March 30, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
12. "M 6.6 - Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. April 26, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
13. "M 6.3 - Myanmar-China border region". United States Geological Survey. April 28, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
14. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 1, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
15. "M 7.5 - Myanmar". United States Geological Survey. May 5, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
16. "Significant Earthquake: MYANMAR (BURMA): PEGU, RANGOON". National Geophysical Data Center. May 5, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
17. "M 7.1 - Turkey-Iran border region". United States Geological Survey. May 6, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
18. "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: SALMAS". National Geophysical Data Center. May 6, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
19. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 11, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
20. "Significant Earthquake: CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. May 14, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
21. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 19, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
22. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 23, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
23. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 29, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
24. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 30, 1930. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
25. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 4, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
26. "M 7.0 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. June 11, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
27. "M 6.2 - Sunda Strait, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. June 19, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
28. "M 6.4 - near the coast of central Peru". United States Geological Survey. June 25, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
29. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 25, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
30. "M 6.6 - near the coast of central Peru". United States Geological Survey. June 25, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
31. "M 7.1 - Meghalaya, India region". United States Geological Survey. July 2, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
32. "Significant Earthquake: BANGLADESH: DHUBRI,ASSAM". National Geophysical Data Center. July 2, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
33. "Significant Earthquake: SPAIN: MONTILLA". National Geophysical Data Center. July 5, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
34. "M 6.5 - northern Qinghai, China". United States Geological Survey. July 13, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
35. "M 6.9 - Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. July 14, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
36. "Significant Earthquake: MYANMAR (BURMA): THARRAWADDY". National Geophysical Data Center. July 18, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
37. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 22, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
38. "M 6.4 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
39. "Significant Earthquake: ITALY: IRPINIA". National Geophysical Data Center. July 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
40. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 4, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
41. "M 6.8 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. August 20, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
42. "Significant Earthquake: CHINA: SICHUAN PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. August 24, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
43. "Significant Earthquake: CALIFORNIA: SOUTHERN". National Geophysical Data Center. August 31, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
44. "Tsunami Event: S. CALIFORNIA". National Geophysical Data Center. August 31, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
45. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 11, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
46. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 14, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
47. "M 6.9 - Myanmar-China border region". United States Geological Survey. September 21, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
48. "Significant Earthquake: CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. September 21, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
49. "Significant Earthquake: TAJIKISTAN: DUSHANBE (STALINABAD)". National Geophysical Data Center. September 22, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
50. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 22, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
51. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
52. "M 6.6 - near the north coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. September 30, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
53. "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: AH,MOBARAKABAD,AB ALI,SARPURAK". National Geophysical Data Center. October 2, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
54. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 3, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
55. "M 6.7 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. October 8, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
56. "M 7.2 - Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 24, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
57. "M 6.5 - Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 28, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
58. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 30, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
59. "Significant Earthquake: ITALY: SENIGALLIA". National Geophysical Data Center. October 30, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
60. "M 6.5 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. October 31, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
61. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 8, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
62. "M 7.0 - near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. November 9, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
63. "M 7.7 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 10, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
64. "M 6.9 - Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. November 10, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
65. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 21, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
66. "Significant Earthquake: ALBANIA: VLORE, HIMARE, KUC". National Geophysical Data Center. November 21, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
67. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 24, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
68. "M 6.9 - near the south coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 25, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
69. "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: HONSHU: IDU". National Geophysical Data Center. November 25, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
70. "Significant Earthquake: ALBANIA: VLORE, TEPELENE". National Geophysical Data Center. December 2, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
71. "M 6.2 - Myanmar-China border region". United States Geological Survey. December 2, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
72. "M 7.4 - Myanmar". United States Geological Survey. December 3, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
73. "Significant Earthquake: MYANMAR (BURMA): PYU". National Geophysical Data Center. December 3, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
74. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 6, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
75. "M 6.3 - Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. December 8, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
76. "Significant Earthquake: TAIWAN: TAINAN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 8, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
77. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 13, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
78. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 21, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
79. "Significant Earthquake: TAIWAN: TAINAN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 22, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
80. "Significant Earthquake: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: BISMARCK SEA". National Geophysical Data Center. December 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
81. "Tsunami Event: BISMARCK SEA". National Geophysical Data Center. December 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
82. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 23, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
83. "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 24, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
84. "Significant Earthquake: ARGENTINA: LA POMA". National Geophysical Data Center. December 24, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
85. "Significant Earthquake: CHILE: NORTHERN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 29, 1930. Retrieved March 27, 2016.