UTC time | 1925-06-28 01:21:12 |
---|---|
ISC event | 910562 |
USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
Local date | 27 June 1925 |
Local time | 17:21:12 |
Magnitude | 6.9 Ms [1] |
Depth | 15 km (9 mi) |
Epicenter | 46°22′N111°25′W / 46.37°N 111.41°W |
Areas affected | Montana, United States |
Total damage | $150 thousand |
Max. intensity | MMI IX (Violent) |
Foreshocks | 1 possible, magnitude unknown |
Aftershocks | 75+ |
Casualties | 2 injured |
The 1925 Montana (Clarkston Valley) earthquake occurred at 17:21:12 MDT on 27 June in Montana, with the epicenter being located near Townsend. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.9 in the surface-wave magnitude scale. A maximum intensity of IX (Violent) was observed. Serious damage was reported near the epicenter. 3 hours after the mainshock, a strong aftershock was recorded with an unknown magnitude that also caused damage. [2]
The epicenter area, Clarkston Valley is a valley surrounded by mountains of severely folded Mesozoic and older rocks and floored with tertiary lake beds and recent alluvium. Physiographic evidences indicate that the Clarkston Valley is a structural depression on the east by a fault of post-Miocene age. Presumably the origin of the earthquake was on this fault at a considerable depth below the surface. In the neighborhood of Deer Lodge several faults of apparently small extent that trend northwestward are mapped by the geologists of the Anaconda Copper Mining. Their age and displacement are not known. In the hills west of Missouri River is an overthrust fault, called the Lombard overthrust, that extends from a point north of Three Forks northeastward for 13 miles. Its trace crosses Horseshoe Bend about a mile west of Lombard. [2]
The earthquake struck at evening in Montana local time with the epicenter being located right near Townsend. The earthquake had an intensity of IX (Violent), and was felt in Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Washington in the United States and British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta in Canada. [2] Despite the intensity, there were no deaths since back then the area was sparsely populated and the property damage didn't exceed US$ 150,000. [3]
A school in Manhattan was damaged beyond repair as well as other schools in Willow Creek, Bozeman and Radersburg being seriously damaged, along with many brick, stone and cement buildings including a church at Three Forks, Logan and a court house in White Sulphur Springs. [2] Many buildings were damaged, pavements were cracked, windows were broken and chimneys toppled as a result of the earthquake. [4] The shaking triggered landslides along the Missouri River which blocked railroad traffic for several weeks. [5]
Even though there were no deaths from the earthquake, at least two people were injured including a woman who broke her leg while rushing out of her home. [4]
The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at 18:57:22 local time with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened nearly three months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault.
The 1992 Landers earthquake occurred on Sunday, June 28 with an epicenter near the town of Landers, California, in San Bernardino County. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
The 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake occurred on 24 February at 02:27:47 local time near the coast of northern Morocco. The strike-slip earthquake measured 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Between 628 and 631 people were killed, 926 injured, and up to 15,000 people were rendered homeless in the Al Hoceima-Imzourene-Beni Abdallah area.
The 1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake occurred at 22:53:21 on October 2 in north-central Nevada. With a moment magnitude of 6.8, a surface wave magnitude of 7.7, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), it was the strongest earthquake ever recorded in the state.
The 1983 Borah Peak earthquake occurred on October 28, at 8:06:09 a.m. MDT in the western United States, in the Lost River Range at Borah Peak in central Idaho.
The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Iran-Turkmenistan border. More than 1,100 were injured.
In the early morning hours of August 16, 1931, a powerful earthquake occurred in West Texas with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Estimates of its magnitude range between 5.8 and 6.4 mb, making it the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Texas history. Its epicenter was near the town of Valentine, Texas; there, the earthquake caused damage to many homes and buildings. The earthquake may have been caused by movement along oblique-slip faulting in West Texas, the most seismically active region in the state. Shaking from the earthquake was perceptible within a 400 mi (640 km) radius of the epicenter, affecting four U.S. states and northern Mexico. Several foreshocks and aftershocks accompanied the primary temblor, with the aftershocks continuing until at least November 3, 1931. The main earthquake caused no fatalities, though several people sustained minor injuries; the damage in Valentine amounted to $50,000–$75,000.
The 2003 Bingöl earthquake hit eastern Turkey with a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) on 1 May at 03:27 local time. The epicenter of this strike-slip earthquake was in Bingöl Province, 15 km north of Bingöl. At least 177 people were killed, and 625 buildings collapsed or suffered heavy damage in the affected region. Eighty-four of the fatalities occurred when a dormitory block collapsed in a boarding school in Celtiksuyu.
The 1967 Mudurnu earthquake or more correctly, the 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquake occurred at about 18:57 local time on 22 July near Mudurnu, Bolu Province, north-western Turkey. The magnitude 7.4 Mw earthquake was one of a series of major and intermediate quakes that have occurred in modern times along the North Anatolian Fault since 1939.
The 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake occurred at 16:16 Pacific Daylight Time on 15 October just south of the Mexico–United States border. It affected Imperial Valley in Southern California and Mexicali Valley in northern Baja California. The earthquake had a relatively shallow hypocenter and caused property damage in the United States estimated at US$30 million. The irrigation systems in the Imperial Valley were badly affected, but no deaths occurred. It was the largest earthquake to occur in the contiguous United States since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake eight years earlier.
The 1935 Helena earthquake occurred at 22:48:02 MDT on October 18 in Montana, with an epicenter near Helena. It had a magnitude of 6.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The temblor on that date was the largest of a series of earthquakes that also included a large aftershock on October 31 of magnitude 6.0 and a maximum intensity of VIII. Two people died in the mainshock and two others died as a result of the October 31 aftershock. Property damage was over $4 million.
The 2000 Tottori earthquake occurred on 6 October 2000, at 13:30:20 local time with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The epicenter was near Yonago and Matsue. About $150 million in damage was caused and between 130 and 182 people were injured.
The 1898 Mare Island earthquake occurred in Northern California on March 30 at 23:43 local time with a moment magnitude of 5.8–6.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII–IX (Severe–Violent). Its area of perceptibility included much of northern and central California and western Nevada. Damage amounted to $350,000 and was most pronounced on Mare Island, a peninsula in northern San Francisco Bay. While relatively strong effects there were attributed to vulnerable buildings, moderate effects elsewhere in the San Francisco Bay Area consisted of damaged or partially collapsed structures, and there were media reports of a small tsunami and mostly mild aftershocks that followed.
The 1992 Murindó earthquake occurred on October 18 at 15:11 UTC with an epicenter in the Department of Chocó, northern Colombia. The shallow magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck northwest of the town of Murindó, killing ten and injured more than a hundred. Thirty-three municipalities were severely damaged.
In 1954, the state of Nevada was struck by a series of earthquakes that began with three magnitude 6.0+ events in July and August that preceded the Mw 7.1–7.3 mainshock and M 6.9 aftershock, both on December 12. All five earthquakes are among the largest in the state, and the largest since the Cedar Mountain earthquake of 1932 and Pleasant Valley event in 1915. The earthquake was felt throughout much of the western United States.
The 1909 Benavente earthquake occurred on 23 April at 17:39:36 local in the Santarém District of the Central Region, Portugal. The estimated moment magnitude 6.0–6.3 earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). It nearly destroyed the town of Benavente, killing 60 and injuring 75 people as a result.
The 1933 Sumatra earthquake or Liwa earthquake occurred in West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia on June 25. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 7.7 occurring at a shallow depth of 20 km. It had an epicenter onshore, devastating the city of Liwa. At least 788 people were reported killed, although the death toll may have been in the thousands. Aftershocks followed, including one which was strong enough to cause additional fatalities. The mainshock also triggered a nearby volcanic eruption two weeks later, killing some people.
The 2002 Au Sable Forks earthquake was an unusual and rare earthquake that struck North Country on April 20, 2002 at 06:50:45 local time. This earthquake had a moment magnitude of 5.1 and a Modified Mercalli Intensity of VII. There was damage near the epicenter however there were no injuries nor deaths. Shortly after, another earthquake measuring 3.7 struck the same area.
The 1977 Khurgu earthquake struck southern Iran near Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan province on the morning of March 22. The earthquake measuring moment magnitude (Mw ) 6.7 struck at a depth of 12.5 km (7.8 mi). Thirty five villages were heavily damaged including over 20 which were destroyed. There were 152–167 people killed and 556 injured.
The 1983 Kaoiki earthquake struck southern Hawaii Island on the morning of November 16, 1983. Measuring Mw 6.7, it was the largest to hit the island since 1975. The epicenter was located 50 km (30 mi) southeast of Hilo with an approximated depth of 12 km (7 mi). The shallow strike-slip earthquake was assigned a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli scale. 6 people were injured, widespread damage and landslides were reported across the island.