A tetrose is a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms. They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 (aldotetroses) or a ketone functional group in position 2 (ketotetroses).
Enoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8, also known as dodecenoyl-CoA- isomerase, 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, ∆3 ,∆2 -enoyl-CoA isomerase, or acetylene-allene isomerase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cis- or trans-double bonds of coenzyme A bound fatty acids at gamma-carbon to trans double bonds at beta-carbon as below:
In organic chemistry, alkenols are a type of reactive structure or intermediate in organic chemistry that is represented as an alkene (olefin) with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the alkene double bond. The terms enol and alkenol are portmanteaus deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and the "-ol" suffix indicating the hydroxyl group of alcohols, dropping the terminal "-e" of the first term. Generation of enols often involves deprotonation at the α position to the carbonyl group—H+. When this proton is not returned at the end of the stepwise process, the result is an anion termed an enolate. The enolate structures shown are schematic; a more modern representation considers the molecular orbitals that are formed and occupied by electrons in the enolate. Similarly, generation of the enol often is accompanied by "trapping" or masking of the hydroxy group as an ether, such as a silyl enol ether.
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the steroid progesterone from pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and androstenedione from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the adrenal gland. It is the only enzyme in the adrenal pathway of corticosteroid synthesis that is not a member of the cytochrome P450 family. It is also present in other steroid-producing tissues, including the ovary, testis and placenta. In humans, there are two 3β-HSD isozymes encoded by the HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 genes.
Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase or orotidylate decarboxylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine monophosphate (OMP) to form uridine monophosphate (UMP). The function of this enzyme is essential to the de novo biosynthesis of the pyrimidine nucleotides uridine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, and thymidine triphosphate. OMP decarboxylase has been a frequent target for scientific investigation because of its demonstrated extreme catalytic efficiency and its usefulness as a selection marker for yeast strain engineering.
2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase also known as DECR1 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DECR1 gene which resides on chromosome 8. This enzyme catalyzes the following reactions
4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase or 4-OT is an enzyme that converts 2-hydroxymuconate to the αβ-unsaturated ketone, 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate. This enzyme forms part of a bacterial metabolic pathway that oxidatively catabolizes toluene, o-xylene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene into intermediates of the citric acid cycle. With a monomer size of just 62 amino acid residues, the 4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase is one of the smallest enzyme subunits known. However, in solution, the enzyme forms a hexamer of six identical subunits, so the active site may be formed by amino acid residues from several subunits. This enzyme is also unusual in that it uses a proline residue at the amino terminus as an active site residue.
In enzymology, a manganese peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate Delta-isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an ascopyrone tautomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an oxaloacetate tautomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, phenylpyruvate tautomerase or Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase (EC 3.7.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.46) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme methylglyoxal synthase catalyzes the chemical reaction
Delta(3,5)-Delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ECH1 gene.
2-Hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.85, xylG [gene], praB [gene] ) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate hydrolase (EC 3.7.1.14, mhpC (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxona-2,4-dienedioate succinylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
- (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate + H2O (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + succinate
- (2Z,4E,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-triene-1,9-dioate + H2O (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate
2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.132, tesE (gene), hsaE (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate hydro-lyase ((2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol (2,4,6-TTBP) is a phenol symmetrically substituted with three tert-butyl groups and thus strongly sterically hindered. 2,4,6-TTBP is a readily oxidizable aromatic compound and a weak acid. It oxidizes to give the deep-blue 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy radical. 2,4,6-TTBP is related to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, which is widely used as an antioxidant in industrial applications. These compounds are colorless solids.
