| Date | March 6, 2019 – ongoing [1] |
|---|---|
| Location | Eastern Metro Manila and Rizal, Philippines |
| Type | Water scarcity |
| Cause | Delay of implementation of water infrastructure projects, historic low level of the La Mesa Reservoir |
| Participants | Manila Water |
On early March 2019, numerous areas across Metro Manila, estimated to be 52,000 households by Manila Water, began to experience water scarcity.
Metropolitan Manila, officially the National Capital Region (NCR), is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan areas of the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities namely: the City of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality of Pateros.
The Manila Water Company, Inc. is the sole provider of water and wastewater services to more than six million people in the East Zone of Metro Manila. It is a subsidiary of the country's oldest conglomerate Ayala Corporation in partnership with British and Japanese investors.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand. It affects every continent and was listed in 2019 by the World Economic Forum as one of the largest global risks in terms of potential impact over the next decade. It is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes between users, irreversible depletion of groundwater, and negative impacts on the environment. One-third of the global population live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Half of the world’s largest cities experience water scarcity.
On March 6, 2019, about ten thousand households across Metro Manila began to lose water supplies. [1] On March 11, the water level in La Mesa Dam reached 68.93 masl, below its critical level of 69 masl. [2]
Manila Water COO Geodino Carpio cited the delay of water infrastructure projects, such as the constructions of a wastewater treatment plant in Cardona, Rizal and the Kaliwa Dam in Tanay, Rizal, for the issue. Manila Water also noted the critically low levels of the reservoir held by La Mesa Dam, its lowest level in 12 years, which the company relies on as their emergency supply of water source. [3] [1] The affected residents have to wait in queue and for the arrival of the fire truck to obtain water for basic needs. [4]
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. The latter is called water reclamation because treated wastewater can then be used for other purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), often referred to as a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) or a sewage treatment plant. Pollutants in municipal wastewater are removed or broken down.
Cardona, officially the Municipality of Cardona,, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 49,034 people.
Tanay, officially the Municipality of Tanay,, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 117,830 people.
On March 20, President Rodrigo Duterte threatens to terminate the contract with Manila Water and Maynilad amidst the water crisis. [5] On March 22, 2019, it was reported that the Manila "was finally able to improve water availability to 96 percent." [6]
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The La Mesa Dam and Reservoir is an earth dam whose reservoir can hold up to 50.5 million cubic meters and occupying an area of 27 square kilometers in Quezon City, Philippines. It was built in 1929 under the supervision of the construction firm Pedro Siochi and Company. It is part of the Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system, which supplies most of the water supply of Metro Manila.
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Maynilad Water Services, Inc., also known as Maynilad, is the water and wastewater services provider of cities and municipalities that form the West Zone of the Greater Manila Area in the Philippines. It is an agent and contractor of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS). Maynilad is one of two private water providers in Metro Manila, the other being Manila Water.
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The La Mesa Watershed Reservation is a protected area that preserves the only major watershed in Metro Manila, Philippines. Also known as the Novaliches Watershed, it contains the last remaining rainforest of its size in Metro Manila surrounding the La Mesa Dam and Reservoir, the primary source of potable drinking water for 12 million residents in the Manila metropolitan area. The park is under the joint administration, supervision and control of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. It was established in 2007 through Proclamation No. 1336 issued by President Gloria Arroyo.
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