Tropical Storm Kai-tak

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Kai-tak were from a near-equatorial trough. [1] On December 10, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began to monitor a low-pressure area located about 130 kilometers (80 miles) to the east of Palau, growing with of warm seas and favorable environment. The warm seas expanded the storm, though the storm was offset by moderate vertical wind shear. [2] The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a weak tropical depression the next day, [3] and began issuing advisories on 00:00 UTC of December 12, also reporting the storm as stationary. [4] Nine hours later, the PAGASA declared that the system had intensified into a tropical depression and was immediately given the local name Urduja, [5] located 480 km (300 mi) northeast of Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur. [6]

The track of Kai-tak and Tembin in the Philippines with the affected provinces. MODIFIEDFINAL.png
The track of Kai-tak and Tembin in the Philippines with the affected provinces.

The system barely moved from the following days because of weak steering currents between a subtropical ridge over the western Pacific and another over the Bay of Bengal, plus another one to its south. [7] On December 13, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. [8] On 21:00 UTC of that same day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression and also began issuing advisories, giving the identifier 32W. [9] Despite the system being poorly organized with loose banding, the system also was located in an area of very low wind shear. [10] Three hours later, both the JTWC and JMA [11] upgraded the system to a tropical storm after better organization and deep banding, [12] assigning it the international name Kai-tak. [13] [14]

On December 14, the storm started expanding, with better convection and proper maintenance after the convective maximum, even with strong wind shear. [15] At approximately 12:00 UTC, Kai-tak reached its peak intensity, with 75 kilometres per hour (45 miles per hour) winds estimated by the JMA. [16] [17] A few hours later, the storm started moving towards Samar Island, going back east. The storm went back and forth over the following days in a circle-like manner, eventually moving back towards Northern Samar. [18] Later, all the convection was spotted to the west of the low-level circulation center, the storm also had unfavorable wind shear, strong poleward outflow, and weak equatorward outflow, though the system still was expected to intensify. [19] On December 15, Kai-tak later weakened [18] after reports of strong wind shear, limiting the ability to expand. [20] The storm remained stationary after subtropical ridges were spotted to the north and northeast. [21] Seven hours later, the system had undergone deep convective diurnal maximum, covering the low-level circulation center. The storm had a favorable environment, with an easterly vertical wind shear. [22]

On December 16, the storm weakened even more, turning into a tropical depression, later making landfalls in San Policarpo, Eastern Samar [23] on approximately 13:30 PHT (5:30 UTC) on December 16. The next day, landfalls were recorded in the northern part of the Visayas archipelago, on Mobo, Masbate on approximately 10:00 PHT (2:00 UTC), and then over Sibuyan Island on approximately 12:00 PHT (4:00 UTC), and then on Malay, Aklan on 18:00 PHT (10:00 UTC). The storm later made landfall on Cuyo, Palawan on 23:00 PHT (15:00 UTC) and on Taytay, Palawan the next day, leaving the Philippines. [24] : 26  The storm then made landfall over the Spratly Islands. [18] After a decrease in wind shear, the thunderstorms increased and Kai-tak became a tropical storm again on December 20. [25] However, stronger wind shear weakened it back to a depression on December 21. Despite weakening, the storm affected Malaysia and Brunei before dying out in the South China Sea on December 23. [18] [26] [27] [28]

Preparations

Philippines

Severe Weather Bulletin #9 issued for Kai-tak by PAGASA. SWBforTSKai-tak.png
Severe Weather Bulletin #9 issued for Kai-tak by PAGASA.

On December 12, cloudy skies and thunderstorms were predicted in the Mindanao region of the Philippines, with other closer regions having a possibility of flash floods and landslides. [5] On December 14, as soon as PAGASA upgraded Kai-tak (Urduja) to a tropical storm, Public Storm Warning Signal #2 [lower-alpha 2] was immediately raised in Eastern Samar, Samar and Biliran. [23] Public Storm Warning Signal #1 was also raised in the majority of Bicol Region (Region V) and much of Visayas while moderate to heavy rainfall were warned within a 400 km (250 mi) diameter of the storm. [23] [30] Residents were already advised to prepare against flooding as the moderate to heavy rainfall area was extended to within a 500 km (310 mi) diameter. On December 15, PAGASA also announced the possibility of a storm surge of 4.1–14 metres (4.5–15.3 yards) over in Samar. [31] Suspension of classes in the Bicol Region were also declared in all six levels. With all the Local Government Units in Mimaropa were placed on Red Alert. [32] On December 17, 17 areas were downgraded from Signal No. 2 to Signal No. 1. [lower-alpha 3] [33] The storm resulted in at least 728 families (1,418 individuals) brought to evacuation centers or schools, [34] The storm also created the suspension of classes in 14 provinces. [35]

Brunei and Malaysia

Warning issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for Kai-tak near Brunei and Malaysia. JTWC wp3217.gif
Warning issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for Kai-tak near Brunei and Malaysia.

Shortly before landfall, Brunei's government issued a red weather alert, warning residents about risk of flooding. [36] In Malaysia, the government closely monitored the storm, warning close villages. [37] The government later issued warnings to eight states, specifically Sabah, Sarawak, Kelantan, Perak, Perlis, Kedah, Penang Island, and Terengganu. [38]

Impact

Philippines

The NDRRMC noted at least 89,000 people fleeing to evacuation centers. [39] The NDRRMC confirmed a total of 83 people dead and calculated a total of Php3.747 billion (US74.3 million) worth of infrastructure and agricultural damages, [40] [41] affecting 44,500 farmers. [42] In a case study, an estimated amount of 35,286 homes were damaged, with 2,748 of them being totally destroyed and 32,538 being partially damaged, and the study also showed that 1,800,000 individuals were affected by the storm. [43] There were also affected families in Mimaropa, the Western Visayas, and Caraga, [26] and 11,000 people were stranded in ports around the country. [44] Power lines in 39 settlements toppled and some bridges fell to the ground. [45] The storm also affected the town of San Policarpo, Eastern Samar, prompting an immediate response by the Philippine Red Cross. [46] In a report by the DSWD, there were reported power outages in the provinces of Romblon and Marinduque. [32]

The city of Tacloban was placed under a state of calamity as decided by their local council as 80 of the 130 villages were flooded. [34] Tacloban also had flash floods up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The storm also destroyed 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) of rice fields, or about 90% of Tacloban's rice. [47] Sea travel near the affected areas were later cancelled because of the storm. [31] The storm later flooded some parts of the Philippines and caused some landslides, with 23 people dying in the sole province of Biliran, [48] which included a landslide killing 27 people in the Naval barangay of Lucso-on. [49] Two people also died in Mimaropa, and 78 people were injured from the storm. [50] Three people also died in the province of Leyte, with a boy who drowned in the town of Mahaplag, a woman buried by a landslide, and another person who drowned in Ormoc. Vice-Governor of Eastern Samar Marcelo Picardal also stated that half the towns in Eastern Samar was flooded. [51] Classrooms in Catbalogan were also used to evacuate families. [52] Because of the storm, 52 vessels and 1,322 cargoes were stranded. One port in Metro Manila was affected, nine ports in Eastern Visayas was affected, 11 ports in the Bicol region were affected, seven ports in Western Visayas were affected, five ports in Calabarzon were affected, and three ports in South Visayas were affected. [53] Because of the storm, 98% of Boracay was also flooded. [54] The mayor of Ormoc eventually put Ormoc in a state of calamity, stating in a post: “More work ahead. To the residents of this city Pls lend some of your valuable time to help our fellow Ormocanon”. [47]

Damage for the provinces of Eastern Samar, Masbate, and other closely affected areas amounted over Php543,000 (US9.5 thousand) and agricultural damage near the affected areas totaled over Php400 million (US6.9 million). [55] The flood also contaminated Tacloban City's supply of tap water. [51] After, other southern provinces were affected, including Cagayan de Oro, Lanao del Sur and Norte, and some parts of the Zamboanga Peninsula. [56] The total amount of rainfall amounted to 1,067 millimetres (42.0 inches) in Guiuan, 812 mm (32.0 in) in Borongan Airport, and 1,000 mm (39 in) outside of Eastern Visayas. [57]

Brunei and Malaysia

On December 19 and 20, heavy floods struck Brunei, displacing 94 people. The next day, government assistance gave supplies to the affected individuals. [58] In Kampong Ayer, a boat capsized, leaving one person dead. The flood affected 22 communities and damaged 137 houses. [36] On December 19, Kai-tak entered the South China sea, bringing additional rainfall in the eastern portion of Malaysia. [26] [45] As a response, two officials visited flood affected areas. [59] Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah provided assistance and donations to flood affected areas, including Temburong District. [60]

Animation of issued PSWS for Tropical Storm Kai-Tak (Urduja) when crossing the Philippines Urduja 17 Animation.gif
Animation of issued PSWS for Tropical Storm Kai-Tak (Urduja) when crossing the Philippines
A GIF showing the rainfall for Tropical Storm Kai-tak Kai-tak imerg 13-18 december 2017 animated.gif
A GIF showing the rainfall for Tropical Storm Kai-tak
Analysis of the rainfall of the tropical storm Analysis of Tropical Storm Kai-Tak.jpg
Analysis of the rainfall of the tropical storm

Retirement and aftermath

Response

National

The retrieval operations are still ongoing but we are not finding anyone alive. We only find dead bodies.

— Sofronio Dacillo [61]

After the storm, retrieval operations started, with over 40 people missing, mostly declared dead. In Biliran, bulldozers dug dirt in hopes of finding bodies. [61] [62] Military trucks also drove in flooded areas, trying to rescue trapped residents. [51] After the storm hit, president Rodrigo Duterte paid a visit to the storm-affected areas. [39] Affected people were brought to shelters, where tap water was donated by local charities. Some local government units initiated their response and distributed shelter materials and aid. The local Municipal Social Welfare and Development Offices (MSWD) offered 40 people to help aid projects and other needs. [43] Php184 million (US3 million) worth of aid was also given to affected residents, coming from the Department of Social Welfare and Development, local government units, and other charities. The DSWD also gave 1,050 meal packs in the Bicol Region. [32] In Eastern Visayas, the charity ACTED distributed 10,000 kits to the municipalities of Salcedo, Eastern Samar and Mercedes, Eastern Samar. [63] In Tacloban, SM Supermalls distributed 1,390 packs of relief goods, with the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO) giving relief goods to 5,035 families in Tacloban. [64] In Biliran, two of the main bridges were damaged, leading the president to order Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to immediately fix the bridges to help disaster response. [65] During the disaster response, New People's Army rebels attacked soldiers in Northern Samar, with two soldiers wounded in the attack. [66] The attack was controversial, with some alleging human right violations because of the attack. The attack also affected relations between the Philippine Government and the New People's Army, with the New People's Army later denied any wrongdoing. [67]

International

Because of the storm, China gave US100 thousand (Php5 million) dollars to the Philippines to help rebuilding efforts. The cash was given by Sun Yi of the Chinese Embassy in Manila representing the Chinese Red Cross. The Secretary-General of the Philippine Red Cross, Oscar Palabyab, stated “the Chinese side has always been the first to respond and extend helping hands whenever the Philippines and its people are in [state of] difficulties.” The storm also garnered a sympathetic response by the Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi to Foreign Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano. [68]

Rebuilding

In January 2018, the mayor of Cabucgayan, Mayor Edwin Masbang, encouraged tree-planting as a way of protection from storms, mainly Kai-tak. He later announced a forestation project assisted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. [69] Shortly after, a project was initiated for recovery efforts after the storm. the project required three phases, the planning, which was initiated in December and was finished in January, Implementation, which was deployed shortly after and ended in February, and the second phase, with whom a partner deploys another related project, which was deployed in April and ended in the end of the year. The project started when Shelter Projects had the idea to deploy a relief plan after the storm. Supplies were loaded in a warehouse, which were then given to the beneficiaries. In total, 900 kits, 57 tents, 1,914 solar lights, 1,800 mosquito nets, 1,795 water carriers, and 1,800 blankets were given to the beneficiaries. [43] House Representative Yedda Marie Romualdez passed a bill creating a national agency focusing on disaster response mainly because of the storm. [47]

Retirement

On December 21, 2017, the PAGASA announced that the name Urduja had been retired from their naming lists after causing more than Php1 billion (US17 million) worth of damage, also retiring within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). [55]

Due to the damage and high death toll in Visayas, the name Kai-tak was officially retired during the 50th annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in February 2018. In February 2019, the Typhoon Committee replaced it with the name Yun-yeung, [lower-alpha 4] which was first used at the 2023 season. [70]

Aftermath

A few days after the storm, another storm called Typhoon Tembin [lower-alpha 5] hit the Philippines, leading to 266 deaths. [71]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Based on 2017 US dollars.
  2. ↑ Public Storm Warning Signal #2 indicates that the storm has a wind speed of 60–120 km/h (37–75 mph). [29]
  3. ↑ This means that strong winds of up to 60 kph are expected within 36 hours. [29]
  4. ↑ Replacement name originally made by China.
  5. ↑ Known locally as Typhoon Vinta

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  12. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 04". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory TS 1726 Kai-Tak (1726) Upgraded from TD". Japan Meteorological Agency. 14 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024.
  14. ↑ "Tropical Depression 32W (Kai-tak), # 16 FINAL". Stars and Stripes. Stars and Stripes Management Systems. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  15. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32 Warning NR 02". JTWC. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  16. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  17. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32 Warning NR 03". JTWC. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "2017 Severe Tropical Storm KAI-TAK (2017347N11131)". IBTRACS. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  19. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 05". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  20. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 06". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  21. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 07". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  22. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  23. 1 2 3 Julius N. Leonen (December 14, 2017). "'Urduja' intensifies into tropical storm". Inquirer.
  24. ↑ "Annual Report on Philippine Tropical Cyclones (2017)" (PDF). 15 September 2024. PAGASA.
  25. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 32W (Kai-tak)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  26. 1 2 3 "AHA Centre Flash Update #5: Tropical Storms Kai-Tak (32W) and Tembin (33W) Countries: PH, MY, BN, ID, VN, KH and TH - Philippines | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. AHA Centre. 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  27. ↑ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 201726 (KAI-TAK) - Detailed Track Information". Kitamoto Laboratory. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  28. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 32W (Kai-tak) Warning NR 32". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  29. 1 2 Panela, Shaira (31 July 2012) [31 July 2012]. "The color of danger: PAGASA's new rainfall and flood warning system". GMA. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  30. ↑ "NDRRMC Update Sitrep No. 26 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "Urduja" (Kai Tak) as of 8:00 PM, 31 January 2018 - Philippines | ReliefWeb". Philippine Government. 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  31. 1 2 "Tropical Storm Urduja maintains strength, 'almost stationary' off Eastern Samar". GMA News. December 15, 2017.
  32. 1 2 3 "DSWD DROMIC Terminal Report on Tropical Depression "Urduja" (Kai-Tak) as of 06 April 2018, 6PM - Philippines | ReliefWeb". Philippine Government. 2018-04-07. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  33. ↑ "'Urduja' weakens into tropical depression; PAGASA monitors new storm". Philstar. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  34. 1 2 "Tacloban under state of calamity due to 'Urduja'". SunStar Philippines. December 15, 2017.
  35. ↑ Laude, Jaime. "3 dead as Urduja pummels Visayas". Philstar. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  36. 1 2 Bakar, Ain Bandial; Abu, Rasidah (2017-12-21). "Flash floods inundate Brunei, Temburong district worst-hit". The Scoop. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  37. ↑ Povera, Adib (2017-12-18). "Malaysian authorities keep wary eye on tropical storm Kai-Tak | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  38. ↑ "Information Bulletin n1". Red Crescent . Red Cross: 3. 22 December 2017.
  39. 1 2 "More Than 30 Dead After Tropical Depression Kai-Tak Brings Flooding Rain, Landslides to the Philippines". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  40. ↑ "SitRep_No_28_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm-URDUJA_KAI-TAK" (PDF). NDRRMC. February 7, 2018.
  41. ↑ "Companion Volume to Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight" (PDF). Aon Benfield. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  42. ↑ Master, Web (2017-12-29). "'Urduja' destroys P1.44-B agri products in E. Visayas". Leyte Samar Daily News. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  43. 1 2 3 "PHILIPPINES 2018 / TROPICAL STORM KAI-TAK" (PDF). Shelterprojects. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  44. ↑ "Tropical storm Kai-tak floods central Philippines". Reuters. 16 December 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  45. 1 2 "Storm Kai-Tak approaches Vietnam's waters after wreaking havoc in the Philippines". VnExpress. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  46. ↑ "Philippines: Tropical Storm Tembin (MDRPH026) Emergency Appeal Revision - Philippines | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Philippine Red Cross. 2018-04-24. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
  47. 1 2 3 Casas, Bill (2017-12-18). "'Urduja' landslide kills 26". Manila Standard. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  48. ↑ "Biliran in Urduja's aftermath". Biliran Blogs. 2018-01-05. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  49. ↑ "7 bodies 'buried' in Lucso-on landslide yet to be retrieved". Biliran Blogs. 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  50. ↑ "NDRRMC Update Sitrep No. 28 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "Urduja" (Kai-Tak) as of 8:00 AM, 07 February 2018 - Philippines | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Philippine Government. 2018-02-10. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  51. 1 2 3 "Three dead as tropical storm Kai Tak pounds Philippines". The Straits Times. 2017-12-16. ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 2024-08-09.
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  53. ↑ "LIST: Passengers, sea vehicles stranded due to Tropical Storm Urduja". Philstar. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  54. ↑ Aguirre, Jun (2018-01-29). "Govt addresses major problems in Boracay | Jun Aguirre". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  55. 1 2 "Urduja removed from PAGASA name list as damage exceeds P1 billion". GMA News. December 21, 2017.
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  57. ↑ Pydynoski, Kristina (18 December 2017). "Urduja unloads over 1,000 mm of rain on Philippines; Life-threatening flood risk continues into Monday". AccuWeather. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  58. ↑ "Brunei Darussalam, Flash flood". AHA Center. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  59. ↑ "Govt reaches out to flood victims, offers assistance". Borneo Bulletin. 22 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  60. ↑ "Yayasan contributes to flood victims in Temburong". Borneo Bulletin. 24 December 2017. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  61. 1 2 "Hopes fade for dozens missing after Tropical Storm Kai Tak pummels Philippines". The Straits Times. 2017-12-19. ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 2024-08-09.
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  66. ↑ Master, Web (2017-12-29). "NPA members attacked soldiers who were on their way to rescue flood victims in Northern Samar". Leyte Samar Daily News. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  67. ↑ Master, Web (2017-12-29). "CPP denies ambush incident against soldiers who were on a relief mission in Northern Samar". Leyte Samar Daily News. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
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  69. ↑ Master, Web (2018-01-05). "Biliran mayor encourages planting of trees as natural protection against landslides, floodings". Leyte Samar Daily News. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  70. ↑ "Replacement Names of TEMBIN, HATO and KAI-TAK in the Tropical Cyclone Name List" (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. February 19, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Philippines: Tropical Storm Tembin (MDRPH026) Emergency Appeal Final Report - Philippines | ReliefWeb". International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
Tropical Storm Kai-tak (Urduja)
Kai-tak 2017-12-16 0500Z.jpg
Tropical Storm Kai-tak making landfall in the Philippines on December 16
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