2015 Sabah earthquake

Last updated

2015 Sabah earthquake
Malaysia relief location map.jpg
Bullseye1.png
UTC  time2015-06-04 23:15:43
ISC  event 610635042
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date5 June 2015 (2015-06-05)
Local time07:15:43 MST (UTC+08:00) [1]
Duration30 seconds
Magnitude6.0 (Mw) (USGS)
5.9 (Mw) (MetMalaysia)
Depth18.1 km (11.2 mi) [2]
Epicentre 5°58′48″N116°31′30″E / 5.980°N 116.525°E / 5.980; 116.525 [1]
Type Dip-slip (normal)
Areas affected West Coast & Interior Division (Mount Kinabalu area), Sabah, East Malaysia
Total damageBuilding and infrastructure damage, landslides & geological changes, $2.84 billion (USD)
Max. intensity MMI VI (Strong) [1]
LandslidesYes
Aftershocks130 (As of 1 April 2016) [3]
Casualties18 deaths
11 wounded

The 2015 Sabah earthquake (Malay : Gempa Bumi Sabah 2015) struck Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia with a moment magnitude of 6.0 on 5 June, [1] which lasted for 30 seconds. [4] The earthquake was the strongest to affect Malaysia since the 1976 Sabah earthquake. [5]

Contents

Tremors were also felt in Tambunan, Tuaran, Kota Kinabalu, Inanam, Kota Belud, Kota Marudu, Kudat, Likas, Penampang, Putatan, Kinarut, Papar, Beaufort, Keningau, Beluran, Sandakan, Kunak, Tawau in Sabah and as far afield as Federal Territory of Labuan, Lawas, Limbang and Miri in Sarawak as well as Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Eighteen fatalities were reported, all occurring on Mount Kinabalu, [11] including ten Singaporeans, six Malaysians, and two from both China and Japan. About 137 climbers were stranded on the mountain but were subsequently rescued. [12]

As a result of the earthquake, most areas in the Kinabalu Park have been closed temporarily until the situation is cleared and undergoing repairs and rehabilitation. [13] [14]

Tectonic setting

Sabah lies within the Sunda plate away from any plate boundaries. It was the location of a convergent plate boundary until some time during the Early Miocene. Since then Sabah has been massively uplifted, with the Kinabalu Granite, which was emplaced during the early Late Miocene (between 7.8 and 7.2 million years ago), being exhumed at a rate of 7 mm per year during Late Miocene–Early Pliocene (~ 8–3 Ma ago). [15] the region continues to rise at a long term rate of about 0.5 mm each year. [16] The uplift is thought to be a result of either break-off of the subducted slab or delamination of the lithosphere. Despite not being at a plate boundary, GPS measurements show that the coastal part of Sabah is moving towards the north-west. The uplift is thought to be driving gravitational collapse with sliding of the northwestern part of Sabah being accommodated by extension. This is consistent with the focal mechanism of earlier earthquakes in the onshore area. [17]

Earthquake

The earthquake occurred on 5 June 2015 at MST (23:15:43 UTC) at a depth of approximately 18.1 km (11.2 mi), [2] with its epicentre approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Ranau and lasting for thirty seconds. [4] [18] The earthquake was initially reported as 6.0 Mw by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) while the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) reported the earthquake's magnitude to be 5.9 Ms. [1] [19]

Cause

USGS ShakeMap for the event 2015 June 4, Sabah Malaysia Earthquake ShakeMap.jpg
USGS ShakeMap for the event

The earthquake was caused by movement on a SW-NE trending normal fault. [20] As the epicentre of the earthquake was near to Mount Kinabalu, the shaking caused massive landslides around the mountain. [21]

Local native beliefs

According to the claims of local natives, the earthquake was caused by "aki" (the mountain protectors) who had become angered over the acts of ten western tourists (comprising six men and four women from Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) [22] who "stripped and urinated at the mountain (which is believed by local natives as a sacred place) on 30 May", six days before the earthquake happened. [23] The tourists also shouted vulgarities when they were told to desist by their mountain guide. [24] [25] The acts provoked outrage among Sabahan natives who want all of the alleged offenders charged in native court and forced to pay the "sogit", a type of compensation, given in the form of money or livestock, to appease the aggrieved party according to local Kadazan-Dusun native customs. It is imposed on wrongdoers for the purpose of appeasing "the aggrieved", thus placating the native community. [26] However, as most of the detained tourists have been released from Malaysia's prison and escaping native court, the local villagers had performed their own rituals. [27] The misconduct was also condemned by the Science Adviser to the Malaysian Prime Minister who said:

Science has no answer to that (the sacred mountain). If the mountain is sacred, we have to respect that. It is part of the traditional and local knowledge that are increasingly recognised by the international community. [28]

The brother of one of the deceased mountain guides also criticised the behaviour of the tourists, saying:

It is not about laws or superstition, but about having mutual respect among human beings. As a Christian, I too do not believe in superstition, but I adhere to the advice and beliefs of the elders out of respect. It is part of being humans, we don't do things that will offend our fellow-human beings whether they are Muslims, Christian or Animists. This is something we taught here, but I guess a person like him (one of the bad nudists) doesn't have this in him. [29]

Following the incident, some of the tourists and their family members have expressed their apologies to all involved parties with the United Kingdom government beginning to review their travelling advice to Malaysia. [30] [31]

Aftershocks

In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake that evening, three aftershocks occurred, with the first and second at 21:10 MST and 23:13 MST respectively, each measuring 4.3 magnitude, while a third at 23:32 MST was 2.8 Mw. [32] By 23 June 90 aftershocks had been reported at Ranau by the Malaysian Meteorological Department, ranging in magnitudes from 1.6 to 5.2. [3] [33]

Casualties

Casualties by country [11] [34]
CountryDeathsRef.
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore [n 1] 10 [32] [36] [37]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 6 [32] [36]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1 [38]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1 [39] [40]
Total18

187 climbers were impacted, according to Sabah official sources, with most of them from Malaysia and Singapore, and others from Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States. [36] [41] 137 of them were stranded but subsequently rescued. [12]

The majority of fatalities were teachers and students from a Singaporean climbing group from the Tanjong Katong Primary School; initially reportedly missing, the Singaporeans were later officially confirmed dead by the Singaporean Ministry of Education with an official statement released on 10 June. [11] Malaysian nationals accounted for the second most number of deaths, including two climbers (revised downwards from three initially reported missing) [36] and four mountain guides. Subsequent investigation and witness by other climbers found that the four mountain guides died while protecting climbers. [42] [43] The four guides were identified as Robbi Sapinggi, [44] Valerian Joannes, Ricky Masirin and Joseph Solungin. [43] [45] A Japanese climber also died while protecting one of the Singaporean school students as revealed by the owner of the accommodation where the climber stayed. [40] [46] [47]

Damage

Donkey Ear's Peak, prior to earthquake damage which reduced the size of the prominences Mount Kinabalu View (7113338961).jpg
Donkey Ear's Peak, prior to earthquake damage which reduced the size of the prominences

During the earthquake, one of the peaks on Mount Kinabalu (called the Donkey's Ears) was broken off. [12] The source of the Poring Hot Springs a popular tourist area near Ranau, turned murky and black [48] for a few hours due to the earthquake, which disrupted a clay deposit that interrupts the fault gap that heats up the rainwater. [21] Some infrastructure was reported damaged with around 23 schools in six different districts affected, and Ranau Mosque was also damaged due to the tremor. [49] [50]

Serious damage occurred to the hostels and resthouse near the summit of Mount Kinabalu. Buildings were similarly affected by the earthquake in Kota Belud and Tuaran. [51] The areas around Kundasang and Ranau suffered water supply disruption when the main water drainage pipe burst, and several plants in both regions were damaged with a leakage in the deposition tank. [52]

Response

Sabah local mountain guides became the first rescuers during the situation, as reported by an Australian climber. [53] [54] Government agencies like the Fire and Rescue Department, [55] Royal Malaysia Police and Malaysian Armed Forces provided equipment during the rescue missions as was reported by the mountain guides. [56] Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu was turned into a disaster centre. [57] The National Security Council (NSC) dispatched 25 members of the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) – paramedics, engineers and rescuers. [58]

Prime Minister Najib Razak ordered efforts to rescue victims stuck on Mount Kinabalu, with the army troops put on standby, as well as a 24-hour helpline being opened. [6] [59] [60] Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin ordered the NSC to introduce an early warning system for earthquakes including for school buildings as well the setting up of a seismic centre to monitor earthquake activities in the state. [61] [62]

Sabah State Government together with the Federal Government donated MYR5,000 (U$1,000+) each for Malaysians who died on the quake while MYR2,000 (U$300+) for injured victims. [63] The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) has launched an impromptu donation drive for victims of the Sabah earthquake at the party's muktamar on 5 June and raised a total of MYR19,800 (around U$5,000+) from delegates. [64] The Barisan Nasional Women's Wing together with the Sabah Community Services Council has also launched a fund, starting with MYR20,000 (US$5,300). [65] The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) Sabah branch donated a total of MYR50,000 (US$13,558). [66] An amount of MYR10,000 (US$2,711) also being raised by Democratic Action Party (DAP) Sabah branch to the Kinabalu Mountain Guide Association with another MYR10,000 are given to each family of the four mountain guides who perished during the earthquake. [67]

AirAsia has collaborating with the Malaysia Volunteer Fire and Rescue Association (MVFRA) to transport relief items to Sabah. [68] The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) together with local telecommunications companies have started a public fund. [69] The Malaysian Islamic Development Department (JAKIM) has hold a special prayers for the well-being of the people in Sabah and that the earthquake tragedy does not recur. [70] While the Sarawak State Government and Johor Sultan Ibrahim has donated a total MYR1 million (around US$200,000+) respectively. [71] [72]

Apart from funds and donations granted by government bodies and big corporations, soon after the heroic Robbi Sapinggi [73] [74] was identified as one of the first two victims on the very first day of the earthquake, [75] Robbi's employer, Amazing Borneo, started a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo [76] [77] to let people donate to his family especially his newlywed wife and six-month-old son. Many people responded to the campaign to honour his sacrifice and act of bravery. [78]

The Taiwanese Tzu Chi Foundation in Malaysia through its volunteers in Kota Kinabalu conducted a survey to the earthquake site on 6 June for a disaster survey and visiting currently warded victims in local hospital to providing support with the volunteers also accompanied family members of seven victims and handed out cash relief to each of the family. [79]

International reactions

Memorials

On 5 June 2016, a monument in the form of brass plaque etched with the names of the 18 victims was erected near the base of Mount Kinabalu. [87] [88]

Notes

  1. ↑ Including:
    • 1 Filipino-Singaporean. [35]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabah</span> State of Malaysia in Borneo

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalimantan province to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital and the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah State government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state. It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Kinabalu</span> Highest mountain in Malaysia

Mount Kinabalu is the highest mountain in Borneo and Malaysia. With an elevation of 4,095 metres (13,435 ft), it is the third-highest peak of an island on Earth, the 28th highest peak in Southeast Asia, and 20th most prominent mountain in the world. The mountain is located in Ranau district, West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is protected as Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kota Kinabalu</span> State capital city and district capital in Sabah, Malaysia

Kota Kinabalu, colloquially referred to as KK, is the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia. It is also the capital of the Kota Kinabalu District as well as the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies to its west and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city its name, is located to its east. Kota Kinabalu has a population of 452,058 according to the 2010 census; when the adjacent Penampang and Tuaran districts are included, the metro area has a combined population of 628,725. The 2020 Census revealed an increase in the municipal population to 500,421, while the wider area including the Penampang and Putatan districts had a population of 731,406.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinabalu Park</span> National park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Malaysia

Kinabalu Park, established as one of the first national parks of Malaysia in 1964, is Malaysia's first World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO in December 2000 for its "outstanding universal values" and the role as one of the most important biological sites in the world with more than 4,500 species of flora and fauna, including 326 bird and around 100 mammal species, and over 110 land snail species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranau District</span> District in Sabah, Malaysia

The Ranau District is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Ranau Town. The landlocked district bordering the Sandakan Division to the east until it meets the Interior Division border. Ranau sits 108 km (67 mi) east of Kota Kinabalu and 227 km (141 mi) west of Sandakan. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the district was 94,092, an almost entirely Dusun ethnic community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Coast Division</span> Administrative division in Sabah, Malaysia

West Coast Division is an administrative division of Sabah, Malaysia. It occupies the northwest portion of Sabah. With an area of 7,588 square kilometres, it occupies 10.3% of Sabah's territory. It also has approximately 30% of Sabah's total population, with the main indigenous inhabitants comprising the Bajau, Bisaya, Bruneian Malay, Dusun, Illanun, Kadazan and Kedayan, as well with a significant numbers of Chinese. The division is divided into the districts of Ranau, Kota Belud, Tuaran, Penampang, Papar, and the state capital Kota Kinabalu. The main towns are as in the names of the districts, plus other towns including Putatan, Inanam, Telipok, Tamparuli, Tenghilan and Kinarut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Tambuyukon</span> Mountain in Sabah, Malaysia

Mount Tambuyukon or Tamboyukon is a mountain located at the West Coast and Kudat divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. It is considered the third-highest mountain in the country with height at 2,579 metres (8,461 ft), lying north of the highest Mount Kinabalu.

<i>Nepenthes macrovulgaris</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo

Nepenthes macrovulgaris, or the serpentine pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is a lowland plant that typically grows at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1200 m in sub-montane forest clearings and mossy forest. Its range is restricted to ultramafic habitats, including Mount Kinabalu, Mount Tambuyukon, the Danum Valley, the Tawai Range, the Meliau Range and Mount Silam, all in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Pitchers grow to around 25 cm high and range in colour from green to brown, with the speckled form being the most common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crocker Mountains</span> Mountain range in Sabah, Malaysia

The Crocker Mountains form a range that separates the West Coast and Interior divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. At an average height of 1,800 metres (5,906 ft), it is the highest mountain range in the state. It is named after a 19th century British administrator of North Borneo, William Maunder Crocker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabah State Railway</span> Railway system in Sabah, Malaysia

Sabah State Railway is a railway system and operator in the state of Sabah in Malaysia. It is the only rail transport system operating on the island of Borneo. The railway consists of a single 134-kilometre line from Tanjung Aru, Kota Kinabalu in West Coast Division to the town of Tenom, in the Interior Division. It was formerly known as North Borneo Railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysia Federal Route 22</span> Road in Malaysia

Federal Route 22, Asian Highway Route AH150, is a 310-kilometre (193 mi) federal highway in Sabah, Malaysia, which is also a component of the larger Pan Borneo Highway network. It starts from Tamparuli and ends at Sandakan. The section running from Tamparuli to Ranau, which is known as Tamparuli-Ranau Highway, crosses the Crocker Range just to the south of Mount Kinabalu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borneo thrush</span> Subspecies of bird

The Borneo thrush, also known as the mountain blackbird or locally in Dusun as Luhui tana, is a bird in the thrush family. It is a subspecies of the island thrush endemic to the island of Borneo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Kota Kinabalu</span> Metropolitan area in Sabah, Malaysia

Greater Kota Kinabalu refers to the dense clusters of regional populated areas surrounding the city of Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia. It comprises the districts of Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Tuaran and Papar. These districts are also part of the West Coast Division. It was forecasted that in 2019, the combined population of these districts was 1.1 million people, in a combined area of 3,277 km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinabalu Tower</span> Office in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Kinabalu Tower, also known as Sabah State Administrative Centre is a 33-storey, 182-meter-tall, government office complex building in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. It is Kota Kinabalu and Borneo's second tallest building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kundasang War Memorial</span> World War II memorial in Malaysia

The Kundasang War Memorial is a memorial located in Kundasang in the Malaysian state of Sabah, which is dedicated to the British and Australian soldiers who died in the Sandakan POW camp during their death marches to Ranau. Besides that, it also recognises the suffering and sacrifice of the native population of Sabah.

The Mengalum Island boat accident is occurred on 28 January 2017, when a catamaran passenger ferry sank in the South China Sea off Mengalum Island in Sabah, Malaysia. The boat was carrying 27 Chinese tourists, of whom 22 were rescued, four confirmed dead, and five still missing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sugut River</span> River in Sabah, Malaysia

The Sugut River is a river located in the northeastern part of Sabah, Malaysia, between the tripoint of the West Coast, Sandakan as well as a portion of the Kudat division. It has a total length of 178 km from its headwaters in the mountains of northwest Sabah to its outlet at the Sulu Sea, northeastern of Beluran town. Its source is originated from the mountains in the eastern slopes of Mount Kinabalu National Park in Ranau District, which part of the Mount Kinabalu system.

Abdul Ghani bin Gilong was a Malaysian politician. He was a federal cabinet minister in various portfolios from 1968 to 1978.

Datuk Julius Dusin Gitom is a Malaysian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving as the first bishop of the Diocese of Sandakan since 2007.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "M6.0 – 12 km WNW of Ranau, Malaysia". United States Geological Survey. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom.[Event  610635042 ].
  3. 1 2 "List of Earthquake in June 2015". Malaysian Meteorological Department . Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  4. 1 2 "6.0 trembler rattles Sabah west coast". The Borneo Post . 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Shedding new light on recent Sabah earthquake". Nanyang Technological University . June 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Najib: All efforts taken to rescue victims of the quake in Sabah". Bernama . 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015– via The Sun.
  7. ↑ Sokial, Sandra (5 June 2015). "Early morning tremors rock parts of Sabah". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  8. ↑ "Sabah earthquake causes tremor in Labuan". The Malay Mail . 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  9. ↑ "Tremors felt in Miri, Lawas and Limbang". The Borneo Post. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  10. ↑ Hajar, Siti (6 June 2015). "Tremors felt in heart of capital". Borneo Bulletin . Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 "Sabah quake: Death toll rises to 18; Malaysia to end search and rescue ops". The Straits Times . 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 "Malaysia mountain quake: Eleven dead and eight missing". BBC News. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  13. ↑ "Kinabalu Park temporarily off limits to visitors". Daily Express . 9 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "RM10m to rebuild Kinabalu Park". Daily Express. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  15. ↑ Cottam M.A.; Hall R.; Sperber C.; Kohn B.P.; Forster M.A.; Batt G.E. (2011). "Neogene rock uplift and erosion in northern Borneo: evidence from the Kinabalu granite, Mount Kinabalu" . Journal of the Geological Society. 170 (5): 805–816. doi:10.1144/jgs2011-130. S2CID   128754527.
  16. ↑ Hall, R., Cottam, M.A., Suggate, S., Tongkul, F., Sperber, C. & Batt, G. 2009. The Geology of Mount Kinabalu. Sabah Parks Publication, 13. (in pg. 16)
  17. ↑ Sapin F.; Hermawan I.; Pubellier M.; Vigny C.; Ringenbach J.-C. (2013). "The recent convergence on the NW Borneo Wedge—a crustal-scale gravity gliding evidenced from GPS". Geophysical Journal International. 193 (2): 549–556. Bibcode:2013GeoJI.193..549S. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggt054 . hdl: 10356/144213 .
  18. ↑ "Sabah's west coast rocked by 6.0 magnitude earthquake (VIDEO)". The Malay Mail. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  19. ↑ Mengjie (5 June 2015). "5.9 magnitude earthquake hits Malaysia's Sabah state". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  20. ↑ "NTU's Earth Observatory of Singapore sheds new light on recent earthquake in Sabah". Nanyang Technological University. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  21. 1 2 Tongkul, Felix (7 June 2015). "Sabah quake: A geologist's perspective". The Star . Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  22. ↑ Strange, Hannah (10 June 2015). "British woman arrested in Malaysia over nude photos in Mount Kinabalu". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  23. ↑ Tam, Michelle; Lee, Stephanie (5 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Mount Kinabalu may be "angry" with nudists, say locals". The Star. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  24. ↑ Chan, Julia (2 June 2015). "Warned not to strip, naked tourists allegedly told guide to 'go to hell'". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  25. ↑ Joibi, Natasha (8 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Nude tourists shouted vulgarities at mountain guide". The Star. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  26. ↑ "Sabahans want 10 foreign stripper tourists charged in native court". Daily Express. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "Five villages perform own rituals: Chief After unable to impose 'sogit' on nudists". Daily Express. 20 June 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  28. ↑ "Science buffs warned not to transgress local belief". Daily Express. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  29. ↑ M. Khairul, Arnaz (9 June 2015). "Sabah Quake: Guide's brother hits out at 'nudist' Emil". New Straits Times. Retrieved 11 June 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  30. ↑ Weaver, Matthew; Lih Yi, Beh (11 June 2015). "Mount Kinabalu 'naked prank': UK reviews advice for travellers to Malaysia". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  31. ↑ "Sask. siblings apologize for posing naked on Malaysia mountain". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . 16 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  32. 1 2 3 FarhN Darwis, Mohd (6 June 2015). "11 bodies found at Mt Kinabalu, says Sabah minister". The Malaysian Insider . Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  33. ↑ "M5.2 – 28 km N of Ranau, Malaysia". United States Geological Survey. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  34. ↑ Vanar, Muguntan; Sario, Ruben; Lee, Stephanie; Joibi, Natasha (7 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Full list of victims". The Star. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  35. ↑ Joseph Hegina, Aries (7 June 2015). "Filipino-Singaporean girl killed in magnitude 6.0 Sabah quake". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  36. 1 2 3 4 Sokial, Sandra (7 June 2015). "Authorities release names of Mount Kinabalu quake victims". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  37. ↑ "Sabah quake update: 8 Singaporeans dead, 2 more missing". Channel News Asia . 7 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  38. ↑ 一名携带中国护照的登山者在马来西亚地震中遇难 [A mountain climber carrying a Chinese passport was killed in the earthquake in Malaysia]. Phoenix Television (in Chinese). 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  39. ↑ マレーシア地震、不明邦人の遺体確認 [Malaysian earthquake: body of missing Japanese identified]. The Nikkei (in Japanese). 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  40. 1 2 子供助けようとして犠牲か／キナバル山でオザキさん [Sacrifice to help a child / Mr. Ozaki at Mount Kinabalu]. Shikoku Shimbun (in Japanese). 9 June 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  41. ↑ Wong, Phyllis; Sibon, Peter; Cheng, Lian (6 June 2015). "9 bodies found, death toll now up to 11". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  42. ↑ "Sabah quake: Mountain guide dies while shielding guests from falling rocks". Astro Awani . 8 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  43. 1 2 Lee, Amanda (9 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Mountain guides' bravery, selflessness hailed". Today Online . Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  44. ↑ Botelho, Greg; Chan, Wilfred (6 June 2015). "13 confirmed dead, search ongoing for 6 missing on Malaysian mountain". CNN. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  45. ↑ Shushan, Lam (12 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Families, loved ones remember fallen Kinabalu staff". Channel News Asia. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  46. ↑ ボルネオ地震で死亡したとされる日本人男性オザキさん 子供助けようとして犠牲か [Ozaki, a Japanese male who died in Borneo earthquake]. Goo Japan (in Japanese). 9 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019. Japanese male Ozaki Masahiro (29) who died on the earthquake at Mount Kinabalu (4095m) on Borneo, Malaysia, helped Singaporean elementary school students who were about to suffer from falling rocks.
  47. ↑ ボルネオ島地震で犠牲になった日本人男性 現地の子供助けようと犠牲か [Japanese man sacrifice in the Borneo earthquake [A sacrifice to help local children]]. Livedoor News (in Japanese). 9 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  48. ↑ Brown, Victoria (5 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Water at hot spring turns black". The Star. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  49. ↑ "Sabah quake: Muhyiddin visits damaged school and mosque". The Star. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  50. ↑ Zolkepli, Farik (6 June 2015). "Sabah quake: 23 schools in six districts affected, says Muhyiddin". The Star. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  51. ↑ "Hostels, buildings in 11 Sabah districts damaged in 6.0-magnitude quake". The Malay Mail. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  52. ↑ "Sabah quake: Kundasang region suffers water disruption". The Star. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  53. ↑ "Sabah quake: Local mountain guides hailed as unsung heroes in aftermath". Today Online. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  54. ↑ Tam, Michelle (7 June 2015). "Sabah quake: Mountain guides the true heroes, says Australian climber". The Star. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  55. ↑ "Sabah Fire and Rescue kick-starts operation to save climbers". Astro Awani. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  56. ↑ "We work together: Guides". Daily Express. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  57. ↑ Miwil, Olivia (5 June 2015). "Sabah Quake: Queen Elizabeth hospital ready as disaster centre". New Straits Times . Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  58. ↑ "NSC mobilises SMART team to Sabah". Bernama. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015– via The Sun.
  59. ↑ "Army troops ready to be deployed in rescue efforts". The Star/Asia News Network . 5 June 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015– via AsiaOne.
  60. ↑ "Sabah quake: Wisma Putra opens 24-hour helpline". The Star. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  61. ↑ "Muhyiddin orders NSC to introduce earthquake early warning system". Bernama. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015– via The Sun.
  62. ↑ "Seismic centre to be set up in Sabah". The Borneo Post. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  63. ↑ "RM10,000 each for families of Kinabalu victims". Free Malaysia Today . 7 June 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  64. ↑ "Sabah earthquake prompts PAS to launch impromptu donation drive". The Rakyat Post. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  65. ↑ Ismail, Saifulbahri (7 June 2015). "Fund launched in Sabah to help those affected by quake". Channel News Asia. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  66. ↑ "Sabah MCA contributes RM50,000 to quake victims". Daily Express. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  67. ↑ "Sabah DAP to go public on quake donations received". Daily Express. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  68. ↑ Morris, Jennifer (8 June 2015). "AirAsia takes part in Sabah relief effort after earthquake". Travel Weekly (UK). Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  69. ↑ "MCMC and telcos set up fundraiser for Sabah quake victims". Marketing Interactive. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  70. ↑ "All Mosques in Federal Territory To Perform Special Prayers For Well-being of Sabahans". Bernama. 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  71. ↑ Povera, Adib (8 June 2015). "Sabah Quake: Sarawak donates RM1m to help victims". New Straits Times. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  72. ↑ "Johor sultan donates RM1 million to Sabah quake victims". Bernama. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015– via The Malaysian Insider.
  73. ↑ "Mountain guide laid to rest". Daily Express. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  74. ↑ Morris, Jennifer (8 June 2015). "Former Intrepid Travel tour guide dies in Malaysia earthquake". Travel Weekly (UK). Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  75. ↑ Chan, Wilfred; Smith-Park, Laura; Walker, Brian (6 June 2015). "11 dead, most climbers safe after quake hits Malaysia peak". CNN. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  76. ↑ "Sabah quake: Donations flood crowdfunding site in memory of 'heroic' mountain guide". The Malay Mail. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  77. ↑ "Sabah quake: Donations pour in online for family of 'heroic' mountain guide". Today Online. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  78. ↑ "Sabah quake: Internet raises $33,000 in 24 hours for late 'hero guide'". The Star/Asia News Network. 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015– via AsiaOne.
  79. ↑ Zing Yi, Liew; Heang Shin, Tan (13 June 2015). "Accompanying Family of Sabah Quake Victims". Tzu Chi Malaysia . Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  80. ↑ "Condolences sent to M'sia, S'pore". The Brunei Times . 7 June 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  81. ↑ "Condolences for those lost in the Sabah Earthquake". Government of Timor-Leste (Press release). 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  82. ↑ "Malaysian government extends condolences to quake victim's families". Bernama. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015– via The Borneo Post.
  83. ↑ Wong, Phyllis; Sibon, Peter; Cheng, Lian (6 June 2015). "Monday declared day of mourning for Sabah out of respect for victims and families". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  84. ↑ "Sabah quake: Hope for the best, says PM Lee". New Straits Times. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  85. ↑ "Day of National Remembrance declared for victims of the Sabah Earthquake". Prime Minister's Office (Singapore) (Press release). 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  86. ↑ "SEA Games to hold minute of silence for Malaysia quake tragedy". Agence France-Presse. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015– via Rappler.
  87. ↑ "Brass plaque with names of 18 Sabah quake victims unveiled near base of Mount Kinabalu". The Straits Times. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  88. ↑ "Monument unveiled to mark Mt Kinabalu earthquake tragedy". Sabah Parks . Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.