Typhoon Usagi (2024)

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Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Usagi emerged from an area of convection 494 km (307 mi) east of Chuuk, with satellite imagery showing a broad area of persistent convection that began to consolidate on November 8. [1] At 12:00 UTC the following day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression, citing a favorable environment for development, with low to moderate vertical wind shear, moderate divergence aloft, and warm sea surface temperatures. [2] [3] By 13:00 UTC on November 10, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, citing increasing curved convective banding around the periphery and convection building over the center of the system, indicating an intensifying tropical system. [4] The next day, the JTWC designated the system as 27W, as it developed at the southeast end of an active zone extending from the Philippine Sea off the northeast coast of Luzon. [5] As it moved westward along the southern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high, the system exhibited formative convective banding wrapping cyclonically around the northern and western quadrants, signaling intensification, [6] and at 18:00 UTC on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Usagi; [7] it then moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where PAGASA named it Ofel. [8]

Four simultaneously active tropical cyclones on November 11. From left to right: Yinxing, Toraji, Usagi, and Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951 Typhoons Line Up in the Western Pacific.jpg
Four simultaneously active tropical cyclones on November 11. From left to right: Yinxing, Toraji, Usagi, and Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951

Early the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm, as improved convective banding wrapped around the western periphery. [10] [11] On November 12, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a minimal typhoon, as it exhibited well-defined convective banding tightly wrapping around an obscured low-level circulation center. [12] [13] Satellite imagery reveals that the pinhole eye has contracted even further, indicating extremely rapid intensification. [14] On November 13, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked as a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon after Usagi attained 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), [15] while the JMA indicated that Usagi reached its peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg). [16] Usagi made landfall in Baggao, Cagayan, on Luzon Island at around 1:30 PM PHT (05:30 UTC) on November 14, [17] as indicated by satellite imagery, with the eye quickly filling and the central dense overcast becoming more asymmetric. [18] After crossing northern Luzon, Usagi emerged into the Babuyan Channel, moving northwestward along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high and passing close to the Babuyan Islands and northern Cagayan, [19] leading the JMA to downgrade the system to a severe tropical storm, [20] [21] while satellite imagery shows a rapidly weakening low-level circulation with deep convection flaring to the northeast of a broad, partially exposed center. [22] The system, exhibiting a very ragged appearance just southwest of Taiwan and weakening significantly due to increasing vertical wind shear, [23] exhibited disorganized rotation and slow spinning just offshore of southwestern Taiwan, prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning on November 16 as it weakened into a tropical depression. [24] Afterward, the JMA continued to track the system until it dissipated at 12:00 UTC on the same day. [25]

Preparations, impact, and aftermath

Usagi approaching the Philippines on November 12 2024 CIMSS 27W Twentyseve visible infrared satellite loop.gif
Usagi approaching the Philippines on November 12

Beginning November 12, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 for Cagayan, the Babuyan Islands and parts of Apayao and Isabela. [26] The next day, Signal No. 2 was raised over Cagayan (including Babuyan Islands) and parts of Isabela and Apayao, while Signal No. 1 was raised in Abra, Batanes, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quirino and parts of Aurora and Nueva Vizcaya. [27] On November 12, Signal No. 3 was raised in northeastern Cagayan, while Signal No. 1 was extended to parts of Ilocos Sur. [28] PAGASA also warned of storm surges and torrential rainfall affecting northern Luzon and Aurora. [29] On November 14, PAGASA initiated Signal No. 5, its highest wind signal, for the northern portion of Cagayan, while Signal No. 4 was raised for Babuyan Islands and other parts of the province. [30] The DSWD said that it had spent ₱1 billion ( US$ 20.3 million) in funds to respond to Usagi and previous storms Tropical Storm Trami (Kristine), Typhoon Kong-rey (Leon), Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika). [31]

Two spillways in the Magat Dam were left open as a precaution. [32] Authorities advised people evacuated due to previous typhoons Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika) not to return home. [33] The DILG advised officials in the Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, and Cordillera Administrative Region to prepare resources for the storm. [34] Evacuations were also ordered in Cagayan, [35] where a red alert status was retained. [36] More than 5,000 families were evacuated in the province, [37] while 3,471 individuals were evacuated in Isabela. [38] Usagi destroyed infrastructure in Baggao, where more than 1,000 families were evacuated. [39] In Gonzaga, two houses were swept away, while uprooted trees caused a bridge to collapse in the same town, cutting off access to the neighboring town of Santa Ana, [40] [41] which was in turn affected by floods. [42] A six-year-old boy went missing after falling into a river in Amulung, Cagayan. [43] The South Korean government provided aid valued at ₱30 million ( US$ 609,137.06) through the World Food Programme to assist those affected by Trami and other recent storms, including Kong-rey, Yingxing, Toraji, and Usagi. [44] The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office donated disaster relief supplies worth over ₱5 million ( US$ 101,522.84) to the Philippines. [45]

As of November 17,2024, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that 852,475 people were affected, with 111,658 displaced from their homes. Infrastructure damage in the Philippines amounted to ₱469.8 million ( US$ 9.54 million), while agricultural damage in Central Luzon reached ₱855,326 ( US$ 17,367.03). [46] The Philippine Coast Guard opened a donation drive for those affected by the storm. [47] However, in the NDRRMC's report on November 24, the damage of three typhoons Toraji (Nika), Usagi (Ofel) and Man-yi could reached ₱784.68 million ( US$ 15.93 million) in agriculture, while infrastructure damage reached ₱2.85 billion ( US$ 57.84 million) for a total of ₱3.63 billion ( US$ 73.78 million). Additionally, 232 cities experienced power outages, and 123,441 houses were damaged. Flooding continued to impact at least 360 areas across the country. [48] In Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration released a sea warning for the storm covering the southern part of the Taiwan Strait on November 14, followed by a land warning covering Pingtung County and the Hengchun Peninsula later in the day. [49] Several flights, ferries and train services were cancelled. [50]

See also

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Typhoon Usagi (Ofel)
Usagi 2024-11-13 1730Z.jpg
Typhoon Usagi nearing landfall at peak intensity on November 13