Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 22,2024 |
Dissipated | September 8,2024 [lower-alpha 1] |
Category 1 hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 85 mph (140 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 988 mbar (hPa);29.18 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | None |
Damage | Minimal |
Areas affected | Hawaii,Northwestern Hawaiian Islands |
Part of the 2024 Pacific hurricane and typhoon seasons |
Hurricane Hone was a fairly long-lived tropical cyclone that impacted the U.S. state of Hawaii in August 2024. The eighth named storm and third hurricane of the 2024 Pacific hurricane season,Hone was also the first tropical cyclone to form in the North Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin since 2019. [1] Hone developed from two disturbances that formed over the northeastern Pacific Ocean in late August 2024. The two disturbances eventually merged into a larger area of disturbed weather on August 20. [lower-alpha 2] The merged system steadily became more organized,and the development of persistent deep convection over its center led to its designation as Tropical Depression One-C on August 22. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm six hours later and was named Hone. [lower-alpha 3] Hone gradually strengthened as it approached Hawaii from the southeast. On August 25,Hone strengthened into a hurricane while located just south of Hawaii's Big Island. After passing near the islands with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h),Hone began to weaken as it continued westward away from Hawaii,and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center ultimately designated Hone as a post-tropical low near the International Date Line on September 1. However,the system continued to be monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency and Joint Typhoon Warning Center,which designated Hone a tropical and subtropical depression,respectively,in the Western Pacific,until the storm dissipated several days later. [lower-alpha 1]
Prior to its designation as a tropical depression,the National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center warned of Hone's potential to bring heavy rainfall and dangerous rip currents to the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii County Civil Defense was activated ahead of the storm's anticipated passage. A tropical storm warning was issued for the Big Island,while various flood and wildfire warnings were issued for other parts of the island chain. Hone dropped very heavy rainfall across the Big Island,with some areas seeing 18 inches (460 millimeters) or more fall during the storm's passage just 50 nautical miles south of South Point. Strong waves and rip currents buffeted the coast of the island. Overall,minimal damage was reported from Hone across Hawaii.
On August 17, a small low-pressure area developed far to the southeast of the Hawaiian Islands. [3] Producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms, this low-pressure area drifted near 140°W, while a second, broader area of low pressure developed to the east later that day. [4] The western disturbance was given the designation EP90, while the eastern disturbance was designated EP91. EP90 gradually became better organized, while EP91 remained broad and disorganized, located between EP90 to its west and Tropical Storm Gilma to its east. [5] The twin disturbances continued to interact, and eventually merged on August 21, forming a new well-defined area of low pressure. [6] On August 22, the disturbance moved into the North Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin. [7] By 15:00 UTC that day, the system had acquired enough deep convection over its low-level circulation center (LLCC) to be designated Tropical Depression One-C. [8] Six hours later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Hone as the cyclone began to produce gale-force winds and its curved rainbands improved in structure. [9]
Hone gradually strengthened through August 23 and 24. Despite lacking much deep convection, Hone had a well-defined cloud field, while over moderately warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). [10] Hone developed more deep convection and convective banding as it intensified. The storm moved just north of due west under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north. [11] Continuing on this trajectory, at 8:00 UTC on August 25, Hone strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. Around this time, the cyclone was passing 50 nautical miles south of South Point on the Big Island. [12] Hone reached its peak intensity at 15:00 UTC on August 25 with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (135 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 988 mbar (29.2 inHg). [13] Increasing wind shear and drier air caused Hone to begin to weaken as it continued westward away from Hawaii. On August 26, Hone weakened back to a tropical storm. [14] Gradually losing deep convection and organization, Hone continued to spin down over open waters while facing increasingly strong wind shear. [15] Early on August 30, while moving steadily to the west-northwest, Hone weakened to a tropical depression. [16] However, a persistent burst of convection within the system made it a tropical storm again early the following day. [17] Hone continued to meander near the International Date Line. Although Hone moved northward into more favorable environmental conditions, with warm SSTs and lower wind shear, interaction with a nearby area of low pressure, dryer air and the storm's increasingly ragged low-level circulation center (LLCC) prevented Hone from strengthening more. [18] Hone and the low eventually merged, resulting in the system's extratropical transition on September 1. [19]
On September 2, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) stated Hone had entered the Western Pacific basin as a tropical depression. [20] However, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated Hone a subtropical depression, and noted the cyclone was in an environment marginally unfavorable for development. [21] Hone began exhibiting a highly asymmetric convective structure, characterized by convective bands encircling a broad center, [22] while being located under a deep subtropical trough with low to moderate vertical wind shear. [23] The JTWC stopped tracking Hone on September 4 as it determined the system had dissipated. [24] However, the JMA continued to monitor the cyclone, maintaining Hone as a tropical depression, until it was last noted by the agency at 06:00 UTC on September 8. [25]
Both the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) warned of Hone's potential to bring heavy rainfall and strong winds and waves to portions of the main Hawaiian Islands while the system was still developing. [7] [8] Stronger winds from Hone presented the threat of spreading wildfires across the Big Island and Maui, a year after the devastating 2023 Hawaii wildfires which were partially influenced by Hurricane Dora. [26] Hawaii County Civil Defense was activated on August 22, while the county's Department of Public Works assessed infrastructure on the big island ahead of Hone's expected passage to the south. The 2024 International Va’a Federation finals, an international competition in the sport of outrigger canoeing (va’a), was scheduled to end early due to the weather threats. [1] [27] A tropical storm watch and flood watch were both issued for the Big Island shortly after Hone's formation, while a tropical storm warning was put in place for offshore waters surrounding the entire state. [28] The tropical storm watch was upgraded to a warning for the Big Island at 3:00 UTC on August 24. [10] A red flag alert, indicating conditions were very favorable for a wildfire, was issued for 10AM to 6PM HST on August 24 due to Hone's strong winds pushing dry air north of the storm over parts of the island chain. [2] Wind advisories were also issued for the islands of Maui, Oahu and Kauai. [29] Flood mitigation equipment, such as culverts, were prepared for the coming storm by emergency management officials in Maui. [30]
On August 24, Hawaii Governor Josh Green issued an emergency proclamation for the state. [31] Hawaiian Airlines issued a travel waiver for those with flights to Hilo or Kona on August 24 and 25. Various high school sport and youth outdoors events were cancelled by the Hawaii High School Athletic Association and Department of Land and Natural Resources, respectively. [32] Despite this, the Hawaii Tourism Authority informed travelers that it was still safe to come to the island during Hone's passage, but to avoid outdoor activities. [2] All of Hawaii's campgrounds were closed through August 26 due to the storm, as well as Punaluʻu Beach and Whittington Beach parks. [33] [34] Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park was closed due to tropical storm conditions. [35] As rounds of rain from Hone began to impact the Big Island, flash flood watches were issued there as well. [36] While Hone moved erratically northwest of Hawaii, a tropical storm watch was issued for Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll and part of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. [37] The watches were eventually discontinued when Hone was designated an extratropical cyclone by the CPHC. [18] [19]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1473 | 58.00 | Lane 2018 | Kahūnā Falls, Hawaii | [38] |
2 | 1321 | 52.00 | Hiki 1950 | Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station | [39] |
3 | 985 | 38.76 | Paul 2000 | Kapapala Ranch 36 | [40] |
4 | 700 | 28.82 | Hone 2024 | Hakalau | [41] |
5 | 635 | 25.00 | Maggie 1970 | Various stations | [42] |
6 | 519 | 20.42 | Nina 1957 | Wainiha | [43] |
7 | 516 | 20.33 | Iwa 1982 | Intake Wainiha 1086 | [44] |
8 | 476 | 18.75 | Fabio 1988 | Papaikou Mauka 140.1 | [44] |
9 | 387 | 15.25 | Iselle 2014 | Kulani NWR | [45] |
10 | 381 | 15.00 | One-C 1994 | Waiākea-Uka, Piihonua | [46] |
Very heavy rainfall occurred across the Big Island of Hawaii as Hurricane Hone passed to the south, with communities in the Kaʻū District, between Nāʻālehu and South Point seeing as much as 2 in (51 mm) of rain falling per hour. [47] Rainfall totals reached 10 in (250 mm) to 15 in (380 mm) inches across the island, with more local flooding of 18 in (460 mm) or higher. [48] The highest rainfall occurred in Hakalau, where more than 27.5 in (700 mm) fell, while the USGS Saddle Quarry station recorded nearly 20 in (510 mm). [49] [50] The rainfall, however, was beneficial in some areas as it alleviated fears of wildfires and allowed red flag warnings to be discontinued. Only a small wildfire occurred on the night of August 23 in Waikoloa on the Big Island, located within the drier side of the island. [51] Strong winds also impacted the Big Island, with a maximum wind gust of 72 mph (116 km/h) recorded at Kohala Ranch. [50]
Life-threatening surf and rip currents impacted Hawaii as well due to Hone. [52] Flooding and fallen trees caused the closing of several roads on the Big Island, including Hawaiian Highway 11, between Kona and Hilo. [51] At least 7,200 people lost power within the first few hours of Hone's passage. [36] That number rose to 11,099 by midnight local time on August 25. [53] A total of almost 26,000 people lost electricity due to Hone, the majority of them on the Big Island. [48] However, power was restored to all but 2,000 by the next day. [54] Strong winds and large waves lashed the island as Hone approached. [55] The intense weather from Hone caused several flight cancellations at Hilo International Airport. [32] [56]
On the island of Maui, strong winds tore the roof off a house. A mudslide also covered part of the Hana Highway near Upper Waikani Falls. [57] Power outages occurred on the islands of Maui and Oahu. [58] A boat ran aground on the western shore of Kauai amidst the storm. [57] Despite the significant flooding, only minor damage was reported from Hone. [52]
Hurricane Iniki was a hurricane that struck the island of Kauaʻi on September 11, 1992. It was the most powerful hurricane to strike Hawaiʻi in recorded history, and the only hurricane to directly affect the state during the 1992 Pacific hurricane season. Forming on September 5, 1992, during the strong 1990–1995 El Niño, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during that season. It attained tropical storm status on September 8 and intensified into a hurricane the next day. After abruptly turning north, Iniki struck Kauaʻi at peak intensity; it had winds of 145 mph and reached Category 4 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.
Hurricane Daniel was the second strongest hurricane of the 2006 Pacific hurricane season. The storm affected Hawaii late in its lifetime, causing moderate rainfall and minor damage. The fourth named storm, third hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, Daniel originated on July 16 from a tropical wave off the coast of Mexico. It tracked westward, intensifying steadily to reach peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) on July 22. At the time, the characteristics of the cyclone resembled those of an annular hurricane. Daniel gradually weakened as it entered an area of cooler water temperatures and increased wind shear, and after crossing into the Central Pacific Ocean, it quickly degenerated into a remnant low on July 26, before dissipating two days later.
Hurricane Felicia was a powerful Category 4 Pacific hurricane whose remnants caused significant rainfall and flooding on the Hawaiian Islands. Felicia was the third strongest tropical cyclone of the 2009 Pacific hurricane season, as well as the strongest storm to exist in the eastern Pacific at the time since Hurricane Daniel in 2006. Forming as a tropical depression on August 3, the storm supported strong thunderstorm activity and quickly organized. It became a tropical storm over the following day, and subsequently underwent rapid deepening to attain hurricane status. Later that afternoon, Felicia developed a well-defined eye as its winds sharply rose to major hurricane-force on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Further strengthening ensued, and Felicia peaked in intensity as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 145 mph (233 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 935 mbar. After reaching this strength, unfavorable conditions, such as wind shear, began to impact the storm while it took on a northwestward path. Henceforth, Felicia slowly weakened for several days; by August 8 it had been downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane, once again becoming a tropical storm the next day. It retraced westward towards Hawaii on August 10, all the while decreasing in organization. On August 11, Felicia weakened to tropical depression status, and soon degenerated into remnant low just prior to passing over the islands.
Hurricane Darby was the first Eastern Pacific major hurricane since Hurricane Kenna in 2002. The sixth tropical cyclone, fourth named storm, and second hurricane of the 2004 Pacific hurricane season, Darby developed from a tropical wave that emerged from the west coast of Africa on July 12. After crossing into the Eastern Pacific, the storm became a tropical depression on June 26. The system steadily intensified, and became a hurricane on 000 UTC July 28. Darby peaked as a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, though it quickly deteriorated due to cooler waters and increasing wind shear. While Darby dissipated on August 1, the remnants of the tropical cyclone affected the Hawaiian Islands. The system produced high waves and heavy rainfall that led to extensive flash flooding. Numerous roads were closed, while minor landslides and rockslides were reported. Despite the effects, no fatalities or severe damages occurred.
The 2013 Pacific hurricane season was an above average Pacific hurricane season with 21 tropical cyclones forming. Of these, 20 became named storms – 18 in the Eastern Pacific basin, and 2 in the Central Pacific basin. Of the 18 named storms in the east, 9 became hurricanes, with one, Raymond, becoming the season's only major hurricane. In the central, neither named storm became a hurricane. It was also a below-normal season in terms of Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), as many of its systems were weak and short-lived. The season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific and started on June 1 in the Central Pacific; both ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical development occurs in these North Pacific basins. The first cyclone, Tropical Storm Alvin, formed on May 15, and the last, Tropical Storm Sonia, dissipated on November 4. It was below average only Category 3 storm was since 1981.
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Hurricane Hiki was the third-wettest tropical cyclone on record in the United States, behind Hurricane Lane in 2018, and Hurricane Harvey in 2017. It was also considered the first official hurricane in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands. The fourth tropical cyclone of the 1950 Pacific hurricane season, Hiki formed as a tropical depression to the southeast of Hawaii on August 12. On the following day, the depression headed northwestward and intensified into Tropical Storm Hiki. While paralleling the Hawaiian Islands on August 16, Hiki strengthened into a hurricane. Around that time, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). The following day, Hiki curved southwestward on August 17. Two days later, the hurricane resumed moving northwestward and weakened to a tropical storm shortly thereafter. Around midday on August 21, Hiki weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated about six hours later.
Tropical Storm Flossie yielded stormy weather to Hawaii in late July 2013. The sixth tropical cyclone and named storm of the annual hurricane season, Flossie originated from a tropical wave that emerged off the western coast of Africa on July 9. Tracking westward across the Atlantic with little development, it passed over Central America and into the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 18, where favorable environmental conditions promoted steady organization. By 0600 UTC on July 25, the wave acquired enough organization to be deemed a tropical depression; it intensified into a tropical storm six hours later. Continuing westward, Flossie attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) on July 27 before entering the central Pacific Ocean. There, unfavorable upper-level winds established a weakening trend; on July 30, Flossie weakened to a tropical depression, and by 1200 UTC that same day, the storm degenerated into a remnant low, northeast of Kauai.
Hurricane Genevieve, also referred to as Typhoon Genevieve, was the first tropical cyclone to track across all three northern Pacific basins since Hurricane Dora in 1999. Genevieve developed from a tropical wave into the eighth tropical storm of the 2014 Pacific hurricane season well east-southeast of Hawaii on July 25. However, increased vertical wind shear caused it to weaken into a tropical depression by the following day and degenerate into a remnant low on July 28. Late on July 29, the system regenerated into a tropical depression, but it weakened into a remnant low again on July 31, owing to vertical wind shear and dry air.
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Hurricane Olivia was a Category 4 hurricane that impacted Hawaii as a weakening tropical storm in mid-September 2018, causing severe flooding and wind damage. Olivia was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall on Maui and Lanai in recorded history. It was the fifteenth named storm, ninth hurricane, and sixth major hurricane of the 2018 Pacific hurricane season.
Hurricane Douglas was a strong tropical cyclone that became the closest passing Pacific hurricane to the island of Oahu on record, surpassing the previous record held by Hurricane Dot in 1959. The eighth tropical cyclone, fifth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2020 Pacific hurricane season, Douglas originated from a tropical wave which entered the basin in mid-July. Located in favorable conditions, the wave began to organize on July 19. It became a tropical depression on July 20 and a tropical storm the following day. After leveling off as a strong tropical storm due to dry air, Douglas began rapid intensification on July 23, becoming the season's first major hurricane the following day and peaking as a Category 4 hurricane. After moving into the Central Pacific basin, Douglas slowly weakened as it approached Hawaii. The storm later passed north of the main islands as a Category 1 hurricane, passing dangerously close to Oahu and Kauai, causing minimal damage, and resulting in no deaths or injuries. Douglas weakened to tropical storm status on July 28, as it moved away from Hawaii, before degenerating into a remnant low on July 29 and dissipating on the next day.
The 2024 Pacific hurricane season is the ongoing Pacific hurricane season in the Northern Hemisphere. It officially began on May 15 in the eastern Pacific basin and on June 1 in the central Pacific ; both will end on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in these regions of the Pacific Ocean. For the third consecutive year, there were no pre-season tropical cyclones in either basin, and the season got off to the slowest start of any Pacific hurricane season on record in the satellite era. The first eastern Pacific tropical storm, Aletta, did not form until July 4. The first central Pacific tropical storm, Hone, formed on August 22, becoming the first named storm to develop in the basin since 2019.
Hurricane Kilo, also referred to as Typhoon Kilo, was a powerful and long-lived tropical cyclone that traveled more than 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers) from its formation point southeast of the Hawaiian Islands to its extratropical transition point to the northeast of Japan. Affecting areas from Hawaii to the Russian Far East along its long track, Kilo was the fifth of a record eight named storms to develop in the North Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin during the 2015 Pacific hurricane season.
Hurricane Dora, also known as Typhoon Dora, was a long‑lived and powerful tropical cyclone that tracked across all three North Pacific tropical cyclone basins in August 2023. The fourth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season, Dora developed on July 31, from a tropical wave that had crossed over Central America from the North Atlantic, and became a tropical storm early the following day. During August 2–3, the system rapidly intensified to Category 4 strength. The same day, Dora moved into the Central Pacific basin from the East Pacific basin. Dora's annular structure deteriorated, leaving the system susceptible to dry air intrusions, and the hurricane passed south of Johnston Island. Dora weakened to Category 3 strength on the morning of August 10.