Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 11,2024 |
Extratropical | August 19,2024 |
Dissipated | August 23,2024 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 155 km/h (100 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 950 hPa (mbar);28.05 inHg |
Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 215 km/h (130 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 947 hPa (mbar);27.96 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Injuries | Several |
Damage | Minimal |
Areas affected | Japan,Alaska |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Ampil was a powerful tropical cyclone that brushed Japan and brought torrential gusty winds to Alaska in early August 2024. The seventh named storm and third typhoon of the annual typhoon season. Ampil emerged from an atmospheric convection east of Kadena Air Base and was later classified as a tropical storm on August 12 and named Ampil by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Ampil gradually intensified as it turned northward,reaching its peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) and a central pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) before peaking at Category 4-equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale on August 16,with one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) before making its closest approach to Japan. It then rapidly weakened as it began to undergo an extratropical transition on August 19. The remnants of Ampil accelerated east-northeastward,entering the Bering Sea,crossing the Aleutian Islands in Alaska,and then moving inland over the Russian Far East and Arctic Alaska before emerging into the Arctic Ocean and dissipated on August 23.
Ampil affected Japan during the Obon holiday week,shortly after Tropical Storm Maria caused unprecedented rainfall to northern Japan. As the storm neared the coast,hundreds of thousands in Tokyo and nearby regions were urged to evacuate. Numerous modes of transportation,such as flights and trains,were canceled due to the approaching typhoon. The NHK reported that Tokyo suffered minimal damage,while several people were injured in Kanagawa Prefecture. However,Japan was struck by a more powerful cyclone named Typhoon Shanshan one week later. Later,the remnants of Ampil caused a high surf advisory,a high wind watch,and a coastal flood advisory in Alaska,bringing strong winds and coastal waves to western Alaska. Ampil contributed to an atmospheric river when its moist core entered a low-pressure system and merged with the Pacific jet stream,which was anticipated to reach California.
Typhoon Ampil emerged from an area of convection 976 km (606 mi) east of Kadena Air Base on August 3. [1] At 18:00 UTC on August 11, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) designated it as a tropical depression. [2] Soon after, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began to re-monitoring it, noting that it was in a marginal favorable environment for development. [3] At 07:00 UTC on August 12, the agency issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the disturbance. [4] A few hours later, they recognized the system as a tropical depression, designating it as 08W. [5] Soon after, the JMA noted that it had intensified into a tropical storm, with convective bands wrapping around a well-defined low-level circulation center, and named it Ampil. [6] [7]
Ampil then turned north-northeastward as the increasing influence of the low-level flow became the primary steering mechanism. [6] A central dense overcast was obscuring the low-level circulation center; [8] however, Ampil became distinctly better defined, featuring a well-defined center and spiral banding. [9] The JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm on August 13. [10] Around 15:00 UTC on August 14, the JTWC reported that Ampil had intensified into a minimal typhoon, as animated infrared imagery indicated the development of a pinhole eye feature, which exhibited excellent equatorward outflow and good poleward outflow. [11] The JMA then reported that Ampil had intensified into a typhoon due to warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear on August 15. [12] The JMA reported that Ampil reached its peak intensity at 12:00 UTC that day with 10-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) and a central pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg). [13] Ampil then turned northward, along the western periphery of a mid-level subtropical ridge. [14] Ampil eventually peaked at Category 4-equivalent intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale at 03:00 UTC on August 16, [15] with 1-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and a large eye measuring 46 miles (74 km) in diameter before making its closest approach to Japan. [16] This made Ampil the first storm in the 21st century in the Western Pacific basin to reach the 34th parallel north while at or above Category 3-equivalent strength, with only two others having been recorded—Typhoon Carmen in 1965 and Typhoon Oscar in 1995. [17]
Ampil degraded due to internal fluctuations and a symmetric central dense overcast, while convection was confined to the southern semicircle. [18] Satellite imagery depicted a well-defined 10 miles (17 km) wide eye surrounded by deep convection, [19] though the banding diminished after encountering cold, dry air. [20] Ampil was beginning to undergo an extratropical transition, as its convective structures had dissipated by August 17. [21] The JTWC then ceased issuing advisories on the system the next day as it turned east-northeastward and merged with the mid-latitude westerlies. [22] The JMA reported that Ampil had transitioned into an extratropical low on August 19. [23] The extratropical storm entered the Bering Sea on August 20, crossed the Aleutian Islands, moved inland over the Russian Far East and Arctic Alaska, emerged into the Arctic Ocean between August 21–22, and dissipated on August 23. [24]
Typhoon Ampil arrived during Japan’s Obon holiday week—just days after Tropical Storm Maria caused record-breaking rainfall in parts of northern Japan. [25] As the strong storm brushed the coast of Japan, hundreds of thousands in Tokyo and surrounding areas were advised to evacuate. A total of around 178,000 households, over 404,000 people, were given an evacuation order. Similar notices were issued in Yokohama. Many modes of transportation like flights and trains were cancelled on August 16 as the typhoon approached. [26] Japan Airways and All Nippon Airways cancelled around 600 flights to Haneda Airport and Narita International Airport. [27] [28] East of Tokyo in the Chiba Prefecture, trees were downed and many roads were flooded. In Tokyo and in multiple bordering regions, heavy rainfall affected areas, increasing the risk of flooding and landslides. High waves warnings were issued, mainly in the Izu Islands. [29] The Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness (TCCOR) was raised from TCCOR 3 to TCCOR 2 for Yokosuka Naval Base on August 15, indicating that winds of 92 km/h (57 mph) or higher were possible within 24 hours. [30] A barrier obstructing Japan's Mount Fuji from a nearby convenience store was recently taken down to avoid damage. [31]
A Level 4 evacuation order was issued for Mobara and Asahi in Chiba Prefecture, along with Iwaki in Fukushima Prefecture. [32] All buslines in the city of Mobara were cancelled. Tokyo Disneyland closed around six hours before normal closing time, and it was closed all together on August 17. The cancellation of flights and railway transportation was expected to impact over 120,000 people. [29] The NHK reported that Tokyo suffered minimal damage, while several people were injured in Kanagawa Prefecture. [32] Over 5,000 homes were left without power, though only 250 in both Ibaraki and Tochigi. Signboards were damaged, as well as bicyles and poles getting knocked over by strong winds. After the storm passed by, some flights were still delayed by Yamato Transport, [33] while energy company officials confirmed that electricity was restored to most areas. [34]
The remnants of Ampil were driving a frontal boundary across Alaska, prompting a high surf advisory and a high wind watch for the Seward Peninsula, Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, [35] while a coastal flood advisory was in effect for the Bering Strait Coast, the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Coast, the eastern Norton Sound, and the Nulato Hills. [36] Ampil brought strong winds and coastal waves to western Alaska. [37] Ampil's remnants influenced an atmospheric river as its moist core flowed into the low-pressure system and was absorbed into the Pacific jet stream, which was expected to reach California. [38]
The 2012 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 25 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and four intense typhoons. It was a destructive and the second consecutive year to be the deadliest season, primarily due to Typhoon Bopha which killed 1,901 people in the Philippines. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2012, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Pakhar, developed on March 28, while the season's last named storm, Wukong, dissipated on December 29. The season's first typhoon, Guchol, reached typhoon status on June 15, and became the first super typhoon of the year on June 17.
The 2015 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced twenty-seven tropical storms, eighteen typhoons, and nine super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Mekkhala, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Melor, dissipated on December 17. The season saw at least one named tropical system forming in each of every month, the first time since 1965. Similar to the previous season, this season saw a high number of super typhoons. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) during 2015 was extremely high, the third highest since 1970, and the 2015 ACE has been attributed in part to anthropogenic warming, and also the 2014-16 El Niño event, that led to similarly high ACE values in the East Pacific.
The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing twenty-nine storms, thirteen typhoons, seven super typhoons and six Category 5 tropical cyclones. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
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Typhoon Phanfone, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Neneng, was a powerful tropical cyclone which affected Japan in early October 2014. It was the eighteenth named storm and the eighth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Phanfone started as a large area of convection well west of the International Date Line. The system was well organized and classified as Tropical Depression 18W on September 29. At the same day, it gained the name Phanfone due to very favorable conditions and intense thunderstorms rich with convection surrounding the storm's center. Phanfone would later go rapid intensification on October 1 due to warm sea-surface temperatures and very favorable environments. JTWC upgraded Phanfone to a Category 4 typhoon but weakened later back to Category 3 due to its eye replacing the old one and undergoing a minor eyewall replacement cycle.
Typhoon Vongfong, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ompong, was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2014, and struck Japan as a large tropical system. It also indirectly affected the Philippines and Taiwan. Vongfong was the nineteenth named storm and the ninth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Estimates assess damage from Vongfong to have been over US$160 million, mainly for striking mainland Japan. At least 9 people were killed along the path of the typhoon in those countries.
Typhoon Hagupit known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ruby, was the second most intense tropical cyclone in 2014. Hagupit particularly impacted the Philippines in early December while gradually weakening, killing 18 people and causing $114 million of damage in the country. Prior to making landfall, Hagupit was considered the worst threat to the Philippines in 2014, but it was significantly smaller than 2013's Typhoon Haiyan.
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Typhoon Mindulle was a strong tropical cyclone which affected Japan in August 2016. The ninth named storm and second typhoon of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season, Mindulle was first noted as a low-pressure area northwest of Guam on August 17. Two days later, it was upgraded into a tropical storm, being named Mindulle. Gradually intensifying, Mindulle peaked as a Category 1-equivalent hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale on August 22 before making landfall in Chiba Prefecture later that day. Mindulle rapidly weakened, dissipating the next day.
Typhoon Lan, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Paolo, was the third-most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, behind only hurricanes Irma and Maria in the Atlantic. A very large storm, Lan was the twenty-first tropical storm and ninth typhoon of the annual typhoon season. It originated from a tropical disturbance that the United States Naval Research Laboratory had begun tracking near Chuuk on October 11. Slowly consolidating, it developed into a tropical storm on October 15, and intensified into a typhoon on October 17. It expanded in size and turned northward on October 18, although the typhoon struggled to intensify for two days. On October 20, Lan grew into a very large typhoon and rapidly intensified, due to favorable conditions, with a large well-defined eye, reaching peak intensity as a "super typhoon" with 1-minute sustained winds of 249 km/h (155 mph) – a high-end Category 4-equivalent storm – late on the same day. Afterward, encroaching dry air and shear caused the cyclone to begin weakening and turn extratropical, before it struck Japan on October 23 as a weaker typhoon. Later that day, it became fully extratropical before it was absorbed by a larger storm shortly afterward.
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The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth and final consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
Severe Tropical Storm Ampil, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Inday, was a tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in the Ryukyu Islands and East and Northeast China in late July 2018. The tenth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Ampil developed into a tropical depression east of Luzon on July 17. The system gradually strengthened over the following days amid a marginally favorable environment and became a severe tropical storm late on July 19 as it moved northwest. Maintaining its strength, Ampil passed over Okinawa Island from July 20 to 21. Thereafter, Ampil weakened slightly while crossing the East China Sea, before making landfall in Shanghai, China, on July 22. The system weakened slowly over land and degraded to a tropical depression on July 23. The system turned eastwards as it continued weakening over land, diminishing to a remnant low on July 25 and dissipating fully a day later over the Russian Far East.
The 2024 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the fifth-latest starting Pacific typhoon season on record, as well as the deadliest since 2013, and the fifth-costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, mostly due to Yagi. This season saw an unusually active November, with the month seeing 4 tropical cyclones active at the same time. The season runs throughout 2024, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Ewiniar, developed on May 25, and eventually intensified into the first typhoon of the season.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones form between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Severe Tropical Storm Maria was the third tropical cyclone to make landfall over the Pacific coast of the Tōhoku region of Japan—behind only 2016's Lionrock and 2021's Nepartak—in early August 2024. Forming as the fifth named storm of the annual typhoon season on August 5, Maria further intensified into a severe tropical storm and later into a minimal typhoon on August 8. It soon reached its peak intensity that day, with 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 hPa (28.94 inHg). However, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the Japanese Alps on its western periphery. The storm made landfall Ōfunato, a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) before traversing northern Honshu and emerging into the Sea of Japan on August 12. It continued to be monitored until it was last noted on August 14.
Typhoon Shanshan was a powerful tropical cyclone that moved through Japan in August 2024. The tenth named storm and fourth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Shanshan was first noted near the Mariana Islands on August 20, with deep convection beginning to consolidate. The following day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Shanshan. Early the next day, both the JMA and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified it as a minimal typhoon. Shanshan turned west-northwestward and stalled near Kikaijima, reaching its peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 935 hPa (27.61 inHg). It then peaked at Category 4-equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale on August 27, with one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph). As the typhoon moved through the Ryukyu Islands, it further decayed, becoming cooler and less defined. Shanshan turned northward between two mid-level subtropical ridges and made landfall near Satsumasendai in Kagoshima Prefecture around 8 a.m. local time on August 29. It then turned eastward along the northern edge of a subtropical high and quickly crossed the Seto Inland Sea before making landfall over the northern tip of Shikoku on August 30. Shanshan's convection has slightly increased over the past six hours as its circulation moved back over open water and began progressing east-southeastward due to interaction with a mid-latitude trough. It then moved inland over Japan and dissipated on September 1.
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