Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | July 20,2024 |
Dissipated | July 25,2024 |
Severe tropical storm | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 100 km/h (65 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 985 hPa (mbar);29.09 inHg |
Tropical storm | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 110 km/h (70 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 985 hPa (mbar);29.09 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 23 total |
Missing | 9 |
Damage | $32.9 million (2024 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines,Vietnam,South China (particularly Hainan and Guangxi),Laos,Thailand,Cambodia |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season |
Severe Tropical Storm Prapiroon,known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Butchoy was a compact tropical cyclone that made landfall in Hainan and Vietnam in July 2024. It was the fourth named storm of the annual typhoon season. Prapiroon was first identified as an area of persistent convection southeast of Manila,Philippines,on July 15. Several days later,the low-pressure system crossed into the South China Sea. As the storm progressed northwestward along the southern edge of a mid-level subtropical ridge,it intensified into a tropical storm and was named Prapiroon by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) around 00:00 UTC on July 21. However,a few hours later,wind shear and dry air entrainment began to affect the storm. Despite this,deep convection continued to build around the center over the next six hours,resulting in a compact system as it approached Hainan. Prapiroon made landfall near Wanning,Hainan,with winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). After making landfall,the storm maintained its well-defined eye while moving across central Hainan,leading the JMA to upgrade it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on July 23. On July 22,the JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 hPa (29.09 inHg). Despite having persistent deep convection over its center earlier,Prapiroon soon encountered high wind shear and a dry environment. By the same day,it made its second landfall in Quảng Ninh,Vietnam,becoming the first tropical cyclone to strike Vietnam in 640 days. The JMA indicated that the storm dissipated,marking the end of Prapiroon's time as a tropical cyclone on July 25.
Together with Typhoon Gaemi,Prapiroon and its precursor affected the southwest monsoon over the Philippines,leading to significant rainfall across parts of the archipelago as Prapiroon began to move away. In China,twelve counties and cities on the island received rainfall over 100 mm (3.9 in). The remnants of Prapiroon also caused heavy monsoonal rains in parts of Thailand and Cambodia. Overall,the tropical storm was responsible for 23 deaths,9 missing,and US$32.9 million in damage.
The origins of Severe Tropical Storm Prapiroon can be traced back to July 15, when the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported an area of convection roughly 623 km (385 mi) southeast of Manila, Philippines. At that time, the disturbance was in a favorable environment for development, with warm 29–30 °C (84–86 °F), sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and good equatorial outflow. [1] At 00:00 UTC the same day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) designated the system as a low-pressure area. [2] Several days later, the low crossed into the South China Sea. [3] On July 19, the JTWC gave a tropical cyclone formation alert to the disturbance, citing a high chance of development. [4] At 21:00 UTC that day, the JTWC began issuing advisories on the system, classifying it as Tropical Depression 04W after convective bands had wrapped around a partially exposed low-level circulation center. [5] The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration declared the system a tropical depression a few hours later. Since the storm formed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the agency named it Butchoy. [6] The following day, the JMA designated it as a tropical depression. [7] As the storm progressed northwestward along the southern edge of a mid-level subtropical ridge, it intensified into a tropical storm and was named Prapiroon by the JMA around 00:00 UTC on July 21; [8] however, a few hours later, wind shear and dry air entrainment began to affect the storm, yet deep convection continued to build around the center over the next six hours, resulting in a compact system as it approached Hainan. [9] [10]
A nascent eye feature became visible on microwave satellite imagery, while the associated central dense overcast grew more intense and displayed convective banding features. [11] Around 16:00 UTC, the center of Prapiroon made landfall near Wanning, Hainan, with winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). [11] After making landfall, the storm maintained its well-defined eye while moving across central Hainan, [12] leading the JMA to upgrade it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on July 23. [13] On July 22, the JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 hPa (29.09 inHg). [14] Despite having persistent deep convection over its center earlier, Prapiroon soon encountered high wind shear and a dry environment, [15] and by 6:30 a.m. local time that same day, it made its second landfall in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam, [16] becoming the first tropical cyclone to strike Vietnam in 640 days. [17] During the 2023 season, no tropical cyclone had made landfall in mainland Vietnam, making it the third instance since the country's independence, following the 1976 and 2002 seasons. [18] [19] After the system moved inland, the JTWC ceased monitoring it as a tropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC on July 24. [20] The JMA indicated that the storm dissipated, marking the cessation of Prapiroon's time as a tropical cyclone the following day. [14]
Along with Typhoon Gaemi (Carina), Prapiroon and its precursor influenced the southwest monsoon over the Philippines, producing heavy rainfall over parts of the archipelago from July 12 through July 20, when Prapiroon began to move away from the Philippines. [21] [22] A total of 866,483 people were affected by the storm across the Mimaropa, Caraga, and Bangsamoro. About 33,645 people were evacuated to emergency shelters. There were 94 damaged residences in Mimaropa, of which, 10 were completely destroyed. A total of 73 sections of road were damaged and five bridges were damaged, while seven roads and a bridge were inaccessible. In Mindanao, a total of 179,744 households were impacted by heavy rainfall. [23]
As of July 22, 2024, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council reported that 852,765 people were affected by Prapiroon, along with the impacts of the southwest monsoon. This resulted in 15 cities experiencing power outages and 149 houses damaged, along with at least 8 fatalities and 1 missing person, as well as 2 injuries. Agricultural damage reached ₱8.75 million ( US$ 177,582.2), while infrastructure damage was estimated at ₱700,000 ( US$ 14,213.2), leading to a total damage of ₱9.45 million ( US$ 191,795.4). [22] Following the storm, about ₱29 million (US$496,173) worth of aid was distributed to 23,157 affected households. [23] A state of calamity was declared in the municipalities of Cotabato and Kabacan. [24]
Prior to its landfall, The China Meteorological Administration, issued typhoon and rain warnings along Hainan and Guangdong. [25] A Level 3 out of 4 emergency response alert was issued in Guangxi, as well as a yellow typhoon alert. [26] About 26,000 visitors on Weizhou Island were evacuated prior to the storm through the use of ferries. High-speed rail and ferry services on the island of Hainan were cancelled. [27] All vessels in Hainan were ordered to return to port and offshore workers were allowed to seek shelter on the island. A flood control team was sent to Hainan in preparation for flooding. [28] A No. 1 Typhoon warning signal was issued by the Hong Kong Observatory for Hong Kong, from the afternoon of July 20 to noon on July 22. [29]
As Prapiroon made landfall in Hainan, twelve counties and cities on the island received rainfall in excess of 100 mm (4 in). The highest sustained wind measured on Hainan was 137 km/h (85 mph) in Wanning, where the storm made landfall. [30] High winds were reported in Guangxi, reaching a peak of 89 km/h (55 mph) in Beihai. Torrential rainfall also impacted the province with a maximum accumulation of 38.3 mm (1.5 in) in Donglan County. [26] Rain squalls impacted the Pearl River Delta, where occasional high wind gusts were reported in elevated parts of Hong Kong. [31]
Before Prapiroon approached Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam Phạm Minh Chính ordered emergency measures to take place in coastal provinces. Vessels were ordered to return to port or move away from areas within the storm's projected track. Emergency response teams were deployed to protect traffic moving through flood and landslide-prone areas and assist in evacuation and recovery efforts. Measures were also taken to prevent dams and reservoirs from overflowing. [32] Heavy rainfall was expected in Northern Vietnam, reaching as high as 300 mm (12 in) in parts of Thanh Hóa province. [33] [34]
As the storm landed in Quảng Ninh, Prapiroon became the first tropical cyclone to strike Vietnam in 640 days, ending a record drought of landfalls. [16] The storm downed trees and damaged billboards and fences in the province of Quảng Ninh. [35] Heavy rain and flooding in Sơn La Province killed seven people and two in Dien Bien Province, with nine others missing. [36] Prapiroon brought significant agricultural impact to Vietnam. In the Cà Mau province and the Hậu Giang province, over 1,000 hectares of rice were damaged due to the heavy rains caused by Prapiroon. In the Trần Văn Thời district, 570 hectares of rice were damaged. [37] As of July 29, damage by the storm and flooding in Son La Province reached 315 billion dong (US$13.36 million); [38] and in Chuong My District in Hanoi reached 92 billion dong (US$3.9 million). [39] In Dien Bien province, damage by the flooding, as of July 30, reached 30 billion dong (US$1.27 million). [40]
In Thailand, the remnants of Prapiroon caused heavy monsoonal rains in some parts of the country. People were advised to be alert for dangers such as flash flooding and landslides. [41] The combination of moisture from Prapiroon and Typhoon Gaemi produced severe thunderstorms across Cambodia, which resulted in strong winds, heavy rainfall, and lightning. A large tree fell onto a tuk-tuk in Siem Reap, killing five people and injuring four others. Local authorities cleared the scene of debris and were ordered to control traffic in an effort to prevent further vehicular incidents. [42] In Laos, the remnants of Prapiroon alongside some subsequent depressions would cause US$14 million in damage. [43]
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The 2015 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced twenty-seven tropical storms, eighteen typhoons, and nine super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Mekkhala, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Melor, dissipated on December 17. The season saw at least one named tropical system forming in each of every month, the first time since 1965. Similar to the previous season, this season saw a high number of super typhoons. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) during 2015 was extremely high, the third highest since 1970, and the 2015 ACE has been attributed in part to anthropogenic warming, and also the 2014-16 El Niño event, that led to similarly high ACE values in the East Pacific.
The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.
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Typhoon Guchol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Butchoy, was a powerful tropical cyclone which became the first typhoon to make landfall in Japan on June since 2004. The storm formed as tropical disturbance south-southeast of Pohnpei on June 7, and was upgraded to a tropical depression on June 10. The system later intensified in favorable conditions, and reached typhoon intensity on June 15. It reached peak intensity late on June 17, before making landfall over Japan as a typhoon on June 19. The system became extratropical shortly after traversing Japan and was last noted by the Japan Meteorological Agency on June 22.
The 2020 Pacific typhoon season was the first of an ongoing series of below average Pacific typhoon seasons, and became the first with below-average tropical cyclone activity since 2014, with 23 named storms, 10 of which became typhoons and only 2 became super typhoons. This low activity was a consequence of La Niña that persisted from the summer of the year. It had the sixth-latest start in the basin on record, slightly behind 1973, and was the first to start that late since 2016. The first half of the season was unusually inactive, with only four systems, two named storms and one typhoon at the end of July. Additionally, the JTWC recorded no tropical cyclone development in the month of July, the first such occurrence since reliable records began. Despite that, this season featured Super Typhoon Goni, which made the strongest landfall worldwide in terms of 1-minute wind speed. The season's first named tropical cyclone, Vongfong, developed on May 8, while the season's last named tropical cyclone, Krovanh, dissipated on December 24. However, the season's last system was an unnamed tropical depression which dissipated on December 29.
Typhoon Son-Tinh, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ofel, was a powerful, late-forming typhoon that devastated the Philippines with tropical storm strength, and battered Northern Vietnam with hurricane-force winds at landfall on October 28, 2012. Originating from a broad area of low pressure over Palau on October 20, the system strengthened into a tropical depression by October 21, and on October 22, it became the 23rd named storm of the season.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. During the season, 34 systems were designated as tropical depressions by either the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), or other National Meteorological and Hydrological Services such as the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory. Since the JMA runs the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the Western Pacific, they assigned names to tropical depressions which developed into tropical storms in the basin. PAGASA also assigned local names to systems which are active in their area of responsibility; however, these names are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Tropical Storm Kujira was a tropical cyclone that prompted the PAGASA to declare the beginning of the rainy season in the Philippines. The ninth tropical depression, 8th named storm, and first storm to make landfall on China in the 2015 Pacific typhoon season, it formed as a tropical depression south of the Paracel Islands on June 19.
Severe Tropical Storm Talas was a tropical cyclone that affected Vietnam in mid-July 2017. The storm was first identified as a tropical disturbance over the South China Sea on July 13 and was upgraded to a tropical depression the following day. On July 15, the depression intensified into a named storm of the 2017 Pacific typhoon season. Before making landfall in Vietnam, Talas reached its peak intensity as a severe tropical storm on July 16. It weakened to an area of low pressure on July 17 as it moved inland. Throughout Vietnam, the storm resulted in 14 fatalities and damaged approximately 2,700 homes. Rough seas caused about 50 boats to sink. Nearly 50,000 hectares of vegetable fields, around 800 ha of aquaculture, and 47,600 ha of rice and other subsidiary crops were affected. The storm caused an estimated US$8.8 million in damages in Hainan province, China, increased rainfall in Myanmar and Thailand, and triggered landslides and flooding in parts of Central and Northern Laos.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
Tropical Storm Son-Tinh, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Henry, was a weak but very deadly tropical cyclone that devastated Vietnam and Laos in July 2018. Son-Tinh originated from an area of low pressure over the Philippine Sea on July 15, 2018. Moving quickly westwards, Son-Tinh strengthened to the ninth tropical storm of the annual typhoon season on July 17. Intensifying only slightly while crossing the South China Sea, Son-Tinh made its first landfall over Hainan Island on July 18. After emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin, Son-Tinh restrengthened before making its second landfall as a tropical storm in Northern Vietnam on July 19. Once inland, Son-Tinh weakened into a low pressure area as it slowed and made a clockwise loop. The remnants of Son-Tinh then emerged back over water and regenerated into a tropical depression late on July 21.
Tropical Storm Sinlaku was a weak tropical cyclone that impacted Vietnam, Thailand and Laos in August 2020. Beginning as a tropical depression on July 31 in the South China Sea, Sinlaku was the fifth storm of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season. It gradually organized as it took a slow west-northwest course, strengthening into a tropical storm the following day despite its monsoonal structure. The storm subsequently made landfall in Vietnam as a broad but weak tropical storm. Persistent land interaction weakened Sinlaku, leading to its dissipation on August 3.
Severe Tropical Storm Merbok was a weak tropical cyclone that brought significant impacts to southern China in June 2017. Merbok developed out of a tropical depression which was first monitored by the JMA while it was west of Manila, Philippines, on June 10. The system would later be named 04W by the JTWC. The depression then strengthened into Tropical Storm Merbok before making landfall in eastern Shenzhen, China. Merbok would rapidly weaken inland, dissipating over Southern China on June 13.
The 2024 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the fifth-latest starting Pacific typhoon season on record, as well as the deadliest since 2013, and the fourth-costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, mostly due to Yagi. The season runs throughout 2024, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Ewiniar, developed on May 25, and eventually intensified into the first typhoon of the season.
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, Taiwan, and southeast China. Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Kompasu originated from an area of low pressure east of the Philippines on 6 October 2021. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified it as a tropical depression that day. A day later, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classified it as a tropical depression, naming it Maring. The cyclone was initially heavily disorganised, competing with another vortex, Tropical Depression Nando. Eventually, Maring became dominant, and the JMA reclassified it as a tropical storm, naming it Kompasu. Kompasu made landfall in Cagayan, Philippines, on 11 October 2021, and two days later, the storm made landfall in Hainan, China. The cyclone dissipated on 14 October 2021 while located over Vietnam.
Severe Tropical Storm Talim, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Dodong, was a compact tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. The fourth named storm of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season, Talim originated from a weak monsoon depression east of Manila while moving towards Luzon. The system continued to track westward close to the northern edge of mainland Luzon before emerging off the coast of Ilocos Norte. A favorable environment allowed the fledgling tropical storm to rapidly intensify to a high-end Category 1-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The storm maintained this intensity until shortly before landfall near Zhanjiang, Guangdong on July 17. Talim quickly weakened and dissipated early on July 18.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones form between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.