![]() Lionrock over Hainan on October 8, 2021 | |
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | October 5,2021 |
Dissipated | October 10,2021 |
Tropical storm | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 65 km/h (40 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 994 hPa (mbar);29.35 inHg |
Tropical storm | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 85 km/h (50 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 989 hPa (mbar);29.21 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 6 |
Damage | $47 million (2021 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines,Vietnam,Mainland China (particularly Hainan),Hong Kong,Macau |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season |
Tropical Storm Lionrock,known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Lannie,was a tropical storm which caused minor damage to the Philippines,Vietnam,and Hainan. Lionrock was the 17th named storm of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season. Six people perished due to the storm:three in the Philippines,two in Vietnam,and one in Hong Kong. According to Aon Benfield,economic losses totaled US$47 million. [1] Tropical Storm Kompasu affected many areas,previously impacted by Lionrock,only a few days later.
On October 2 at 06:00 UTC, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) [nb 1] started to monitor a persistent area of convection in the Philippine Sea, located 495 nautical miles (917 km; 570 mi) to the east of Davao City, Philippines. At that time, satellite visible imagery revealed a disorganized but broad area of circulation with flaring strong thunderstorms. Later analysis by the agency indicated a favorable environment for further development of the system, with warm 30 °C (86 °F) sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and good equatorial outflow. [3] [4] Meanwhile, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression on 2:00 PHT (18:00 UTC) of October 3, assigning it the name Lannie from their naming list as it was already present in their Philippine Area of Responsibility. [5] [6] Also that day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system as it showed enough convection on the west of a discernible low-level circulation center while tracking west-northwestward. [7]
However, a trough associated with the disturbance crossed the Philippines, the JTWC subsequently canceled their TCFA on the system and lowered the probability of the system's development to "medium". [8] The PAGASA, however, continued to track Lannie as it made 8 landfalls in the country; first at 04:30 PHT (20:00 UTC) on Bucas Grande Island, then on Cagdianao in the Dinagat Islands, then over Liloan and Padre Burgos in Southern Leyte, then Mahanay Island and Getafe in Bohol, San Fernando in Cebu then over Guihulngan, Negros Oriental before emerging into the Sulu Sea. Continuing its track to the west-northwest, it made two more landfalls in Palawan; one on Iloc Island in Linapacan and over El Nido before finally moving over and accelerated into the South China Sea. [9] [10] At 14:30 UTC of October 4, the JTWC reissued a TCFA once again on the system as it reorganized along with a conducive environment in the area. [11] A day later at 06:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) [nb 2] recognized the system in their bulletins as a tropical depression. [13] Lannie exited the PAR at 11:00 PhST (03:00 UTC) on October 6 as it slightly inclined northwestward. [14]
On October 7 at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC further upgraded the storm to a tropical depression, receiving the designation 22W from the agency. The system, at that time, also consolidated further while transitioning to a monsoon depression as it continued to maintain a broad center with its wind field contracting along with 25-30 knot winds occurring in its core. [15] Meanwhile, while centered over the northern Paracel Islands, the JMA reported that the system intensified to a tropical storm according to surface wind analysis and Dvorak ratings, nine hours later. The agency named the system Lionrock while the storm became stationary due to weak steering flow. [16] However, the JTWC only followed suit on the next day as it turned northward as it was steered by the southwestern periphery of a subtropical ridge located to the northeast. [17] The storm maintained this intensity before making landfall over Qionghai on 22:50 CST (14:50 UTC), further organizing its LLCC and its overall structure while located inland. It subsequently reintensified to its peak winds of 40 knots (75 km/h; 45 mph), ten minutes later. [18] [19] However, it weakened slightly while over the central part of the island, although its convective banding continued to consolidate. [20]
Early on October 9, Lionrock emerged into the very warm and conducive waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. [20] However, it maintained its intensity of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) before it made its last landfall over Haiphong, near Cat Bi International Airport on 09:00 UTC on the next day, with the JTWC issuing its final warning as a tropical depression. Although, its LLC remained somewhat defined on radar imagery but its winds weakened upon moving inland. [21] The JMA also downgraded Lionrock to a depression three hours back as it tracked westward while over Quảng Ninh Province of Vietnam. [22]
Upon the PAGASA's designation for the storm, several areas in Mimaropa, whole Visayas and northeastern Mindanao were placed under storm signal #1. [23] The weather agency also warned flash floods, heavy rains, landslides and gusty winds from Lannie as the system moved over the country. [24] Gale warnings were also in effect. [25]
Metro Manila and some provinces in Luzon, including Isabela and Cagayan experienced heavy downpours from the "trough extension" of Lannie. In Siraway, Zamboanga del Norte, some residents living in the area were evacuated due to the same effect, causing waistline floods while nearly 200 families in Pikit, Cotabato City were rescued due to rain-induced flash floods that occurred from October 3–4. [26] A family of three were also moved into safety by the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) on October 4 when their boat sank during the high waves from the storm between Pamilacan Island and Loay, Bohol while two more fishermen were rescued by the authorities off Abacan River in Cortes. [27] In Tanjay, a man slipped into a spillway and were subsequently helped by stranded residents near the area while 50 households were evacuated to safety as a river overflowed in Bais, Negros Oriental. Landslides were also reported on Cebu City and Talisay City while vaccination activities for October 5 on Zamboanga City were canceled as a result of bad weather and its resultant flooding in houses and rice fields. [28] Five vessels and fifteen passengers in Palawan were stranded as a result of Lannie, the PCG reported on the same day. [29]
Four fatalities were already reported in the country as a result of the storm, three due to drowning in Capiz and Cebu and the other one is unknown. Damages in Western Visayas were calculated to be at ₱1.6 million (US$31,555). In total, 248 persons were displaced by Lannie and 1,701 families (8,048 individuals) were affected. 10 roadways were also disrupted and 77 seaports canceled sea operations. 19 houses and over 942.03 ha (2,327.8 acres) of farmland were damaged. Total damages from the storm were incurred at ₱12.2 million (US$241,440) as of October 7. [30] [31] [32] [33]
Despite Lionrock being far away from Hong Kong and Macau, its large windfield prompted a Strong Wind Signal No. 3 for the territories. [34] [35] Further, it was upgraded to No. 8 Southeast Gale or Storm Signal on October 9 and it lasted 22 hours before being beaten by Kompasu a few days later at 23 hours and 20 minutes. In addition, Lionrock was 560 km away from Hong Kong when it triggered the issuance of Signal 8 by the HKO beating the previous record held by Nangka the year before at 450 km. [36] [37] [38]
On October 8, a 52-year old Frenchman was killed while his 57-year old friend was injured when their sailboats sank due to strong winds from the storm off Po Toi Island, Beaufort Island in Hong Kong. Cheung Chau island and Chek Lap Kok recorded a sustained wind speed of 94 kilometres per hour (60 mph) and 63 kilometres per hour (40 mph), respectively. A tree uprooted in Tsuen Wan-bound Lung Cheung Road, disrupting a lane while downed trees also affected Kowloon City, Prince Edward Road West and Cheung Fai Road in Tsing Yi. Scaffolding also fell on a street in Wong Tai Sin and over Broadwood Road due to strong winds from Lionrock, trapping two people in their respective cars. Two female workers were also stranded inside. They were rescued subsequently by authorities, with one of them being unconscious. She died subsequently, being the fifth casualty from the storm. [39] [40] On October 9, Ngong Ping recorded winds of 105 kilometres per hour (65 mph) and gusts of 139 kilometres per hour (85 mph) while the territory recorded 329.7mm (12.98 inches) of rainfall on October 8. [41] [36]
Emergency response teams with 95 vehicles, 2,471 people, 438 emergency repair vehicles and 358 generators were put on standby as Lionrock approached Hainan Island. The area's electric company also trimmed tree branches as a precaution for blackouts. 12 bus lines passing over the university town in Haikou were suspended as a result of the storm while the Haikou Crater Park were closed starting on October 8. [42] [43] [44] 290 drainage workers also inspected drainage facilities on Hainan on October 8 while 75 individuals from Longhua District were relocated from their houses to a safe place to ride out the storm. [45] [46] Over 3,434 people from the area were evacuated while more than 20,000 fishing boats and vessels were asked to return to ports due to Lionrock. [47] [48] A blue warning was issued for mainland southeastern China, on the same day. [49]
In Zhuhai, heavy rainfall fell due to Lionrock in various places, with 687.1 millimetres (27.05 in) being recorded from October 8 to 10 in Wanshan Town, leading to the storm being one of the wettest tropical cyclones ever recorded, in Mainland China. Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone in Hengqin reported a rain accumulation of 240.9 millimetres (9.48 in) on October 10, Xiangzhou District at 237.2 millimetres (9.34 in) and Huangmaozhou Island at 228.0 millimetres (8.98 in) on that day. [50] Many roadways were flooded and impassable, causing the cancellation of buses and the restriction of residents in the area. More than 60 shelters were also opened in Xiangzhou for possible evacuees. Traffic authorities on the area implemented traffic control from October 10. Ship activities were also suspended. [51] Hengqin Bridge were also closed for motorists due to heavy downpours. [52] Power in the city were also cut as a precaution; its electric company Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau promised that electricity will be restored as conditions become better. [53]
In Zhongshan, rainfall exceeding 100 millimetres (3.9 in) were reported on Tanzhou, Sanxiang and other places in its south while the Wugai Mountain at over 70 millimetres (2.8 in). Primary and secondary schools in some districts were closed as a result. [54] Authorities in the area performed several rescues on people being stranded in floods and those who can't evacuate themselves. Cars were also inundated by these floods. 165 people in total were rescued and 65 were evacuated to safety. [55]
From night of October 7 to October 8, coastal provinces from Quảng Trị to Quảng Nam received enduring heavy rainfall, with Thượng Lộ on Thừa Thiên Huế recording 247.0 millimetres (9.72 in), Thuy Yen reservoir at 216.0 millimetres (8.50 in) and Nam Dong at 205.0 millimetres (8.07 in). Floods swept away one person and seven cattles in Duy Xuyên District, Quảng Nam Province [56] On Saturday, the victim was confirmed dead. On the same day, the storm killed one sailor in Thái Bình province. [57] As Lionrock made its landfall over the country on October 10, torrential downpours also affected several provinces in the country. Nam Xay Luong 3 in Lao Cai reported 195.0 millimetres (7.68 in) of rainfall and Ta Si Lang in Yen Bai at 189.0 millimetres (7.44 in). [58]
In Thailand, one person drowned due to high waves from Lionrock.
The 1994 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Western North Pacific, with a total of 32 tropical storms, where 19 of them reached typhoon strength, during the course of the season, much like the Pacific hurricane season. The season had no official bounds and it ran year-round in 1994, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. Tropical storms that formed west of the date line were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The World Meteorological Organization-designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for tropical cyclones for the region is the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that entered or formed in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can result in some storms having two names.
The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 2010 Pacific typhoon season, with 14 named storms is the least active Pacific typhoon season on record. Seven of them strengthened into typhoons while one reached super typhoon intensity. The Pacific typhoon season during 2010 was in fact less active than the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, with only two other occurrences of that happening, 2005 and 2020. In the same year, the Pacific hurricane season broke the same record being the least active season on record. During the season, no storms made landfall in mainland Japan, only the second such occurrence since 1988. Also, all of the 14 named storms developed west of 150°E.
The 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the one of the most active tropical cyclone season in the North Indian Ocean since 1998. The season saw 8 depressions and 5 named storms forming in the region.
The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that produced a total of 21 named storms, 8 typhoons, and four super typhoons. This season was much more active than the previous season, although both seasons were below the Pacific typhoon average of 26. The season ran throughout 2011, though most tropical cyclone tend to develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Aere, developed on May 7 while the season's last named storm, Washi dissipated on December 19.
The 2013 Pacific typhoon season was the most active Pacific typhoon season since 2004, and the deadliest since 1975 Pacific typhoon season. It featured one of the most powerful storm in history. It was an above-average season with 31 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. The season's first named storm, Sonamu, developed on January 4 while the season's last named storm, Podul, dissipated on November 15. Most of the first seventeen named storms before mid-September were relatively weak, as only two of them reached typhoon intensity. Total damage amounted to at least $26.41 billion (USD), making it the third costliest Pacific typhoon season on record; behind 2018 Pacific typhoon season and 2019 Pacific typhoon season.
The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.
The 2017 Pacific typhoon season was a below-average season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy and the number of typhoons and super typhoons, and the first since the 1977 season to not produce a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The season produced a total of 27 named storms, 11 typhoons, and only two super typhoons, making it an average season in terms of storm numbers. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2017, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Muifa, developed on April 25, while the season's last named storm, Tembin, dissipated on December 26. This season also featured the latest occurrence of the first typhoon of the year since 1998, with Noru reaching this intensity on July 23.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing 29 storms, 13 typhoons, and 7 super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2010 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Mina, was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2011 to hit the Philippines and also the second most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2011, and the first of the year to directly impact Taiwan and the rest of the Republic of China (ROC). Becoming the eleventh named storm, the seventh severe tropical storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season, Nanmadol made a total of three landfalls killing 26, and causing widespread damage worth US$26,464,591. The area of low pressure that was about to become Nanmadol formed on August 19. It drifted north and became a tropical depression on August 21, a tropical storm on August 23 and a typhoon on the same night. Nanmadol reached peak strength with winds of 105 knots and 140 knots threatening the Philippines with heavy rain and flash flooding.
The 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The season had no official bounds, but cyclones typically formed between May and December, with the peak from October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
Tropical Storm Kujira was a tropical cyclone that prompted the PAGASA to declare the beginning of the rainy season in the Philippines. The ninth tropical depression, 8th named storm, and first storm to make landfall on China in the 2015 Pacific typhoon season, it formed as a tropical depression south of the Paracel Islands on June 19.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below-average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below-average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms, although it was more active than the previous seasons by named storm count. Ten became typhoons, and three of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
Severe Tropical Storm Usagi, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Samuel, was a tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines and Southern Vietnam in late November 2018, causing severe damage around the Visayas region and Ho Chi Minh City. The storm formed from a disturbance in the Central Pacific basin on November 3, but did not develop into a tropical storm until almost three weeks later, on November 13. Usagi underwent rapid intensification and peaked in intensity before making its final landfall on Vũng Tàu, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province as a weakening tropical storm on November 25. While never considered as a typhoon by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed its intensity to be equivalent to Category 2 status on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Usagi caused one death and ₱52.2 million (US$992,000) in damages in the Philippines, most of which came from agriculture. Usagi caused 3 deaths and ₫925 billion in damages in Vietnam.
Tropical Storm Barijat, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Neneng, was a weak tropical storm that caused flooding in the far northern regions of the Philippines and Southern China. The thirty-third tropical depression and twenty-third tropical storm of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season, it was first noted as an area of convection in the South China Sea on September 6. On September 8, it was upgraded to a tropical depression, and by September 11, it intensified into a tropical storm, with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) giving it the name Barijat. Barijat peaked in intensity 6 hours later, with 10-min winds of 40 knots and 1-min winds of 45 knots. Barijat continued westward, and on November 12 at 00:30 UTC, it made landfall over Zhanjiang, quickly dissipating afterwards.
Tropical Storm Dawn was a weak tropical cyclone that caused 187 deaths in Vietnam, and was described as the worst storm to hit the region in 3 decades. The 27th tropical depression and 13th named storm of the 1998 Pacific typhoon season, Dawn formed from a monsoon trough in the South China Sea on November 16. The same day at 18:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assessed that it had become a tropical depression. The depression continued organizing, and on November 18 at 18:00 UTC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, giving it the name Dawn. Dawn peaked 1-minute sustained winds of 45 knots before making landfall near Cam Ranh, moving inland and quickly dissipating.
Tropical Storm Kirogi, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Tino, was a weak tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines and Vietnam. The thirty-ninth tropical depression, twenty-fifth tropical storm, and fourteenth system to affect Vietnam in the 2017 Pacific typhoon season, Kirogi formed as a tropical depression on November 16 in the Moro Gulf. After being given the local name Tino by the PAGASA, it entered the South China Sea, intensifying into a tropical storm and receiving the name Kirogi from the Japan Meteorological Agency on November 18. Continuing westwards, it weakened into a tropical depression before making landfall near Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam on the next day, dissipating shortly afterwards. Kirogi's remnants later contributed to the formation of Cyclone Ockhi.
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, Taiwan, and southeast China. Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Kompasu originated from an area of low pressure east of the Philippines on 6 October 2021. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified it as a tropical depression that day. A day later, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classified it as a tropical depression, naming it Maring. The cyclone was initially heavily disorganised, competing with another vortex, Tropical Depression Nando. Eventually, Maring became dominant, and the JMA reclassified it as a tropical storm, naming it Kompasu. Kompasu made landfall in Cagayan, Philippines, on 11 October 2021, and two days later, the storm made landfall in Hainan, China. The cyclone dissipated on 14 October 2021 while located over Vietnam.