This article contains too many or overly lengthy quotations for an encyclopedic entry.(December 2019) |
A coastal flood advisory is issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when coastal flooding along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico is occurring or imminent, but does not pose a serious threat to lives or property, but rather will simply pose a nuisance to people in the affected area. The flooding must be due to water being forced from the nearby body of water onto land, and not from rainfall. Nor'easters, hurricanes, tropical storms, and thunderstorms can all lead to the issuance of a coastal flood advisory. [1]
The following is an example of a coastal flood advisory issued by the National Weather Service office in Taunton, Massachusetts. [2]
062 WHUS41 KBOX 030838 CFWBOX Coastal Hazard Message National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA 338 AM EST Mon Jan 3 2022 MAZ007-015-016-019-022>024-031900- /O.CAN.KBOX.CF.S.0001.220103T1400Z-220103T1900Z/ /O.NEW.KBOX.CF.Y.0001.220103T1400Z-220103T1900Z/ Eastern Essex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA- Eastern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-Nantucket MA- 338 AM EST Mon Jan 3 2022 ...COASTAL FLOOD ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 9 AM THIS MORNING TO 2 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON... * WHAT...One to two feet of inundation above ground level expected in low-lying areas near shorelines and tidal waterways (3.3 to 13.0 feet Mean Lower Low Water). * WHERE...Eastern Essex MA, Suffolk MA, Eastern Norfolk MA, Eastern Plymouth MA, Barnstable MA, Dukes MA and Nantucket MA Counties. * WHEN...From 9 AM this morning to 2 PM EST this afternoon. * IMPACTS...Coastal flooding is expected along the North Shore from Marblehead northward along the coast to Newburyport. The combination of high tides and a modest storm surge will result in flooding of some immediate coastal roads and some road closures are anticipated. Minor coastal flooding begins on Easy Street in Nantucket. Minor coastal flooding occurs along Morrissey Boulevard in Boston. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... If travel is required, allow extra time as some roads may be closed. Do not drive around barricades or through water of unknown depth. Take the necessary actions to protect flood-prone property. && && Time of high total tides are approximate to the nearest hour. Merrimack River near Newburyport MA MLLW Categories - Minor 11.0 ft, Moderate 12.0 ft, Major 13.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 1.5 ft, Moderate 2.5 ft, Major 4.0 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 11.0/11.5 1.5/ 2.0 1.0/ 1.5 1 Minor 04/12 AM 9.4/ 9.9 -0.2/ 0.3 1.2/ 1.7 1 None 04/12 PM 10.7/11.2 1.2/ 1.7 0.8/ 1.3 1 Minor 05/01 AM 8.5/ 9.0 -1.1/-0.6 0.2/ 0.7 3 None Gloucester Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 11.5 ft, Moderate 13.0 ft, Major 15.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.0 ft, Moderate 3.5 ft, Major 5.5 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 12.3/12.8 2.7/ 3.2 1.0/ 1.5 3-5 Minor 04/12 AM 10.7/11.2 1.2/ 1.7 1.2/ 1.7 6-7 None 04/12 PM 11.9/12.4 2.3/ 2.8 0.7/ 1.1 4 Minor 05/01 AM 9.8/10.3 0.2/ 0.8 0.2/ 0.7 3-4 None Revere MLLW Categories - Minor 12.5 ft, Moderate 14.5 ft, Major 16.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.6 ft, Moderate 4.6 ft, Major 6.1 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 13.0/13.5 3.1/ 3.6 1.2/ 1.7 1 Minor 04/12 AM 11.3/11.8 1.4/ 1.9 1.3/ 1.8 1 None 04/12 PM 12.7/13.2 2.7/ 3.2 0.9/ 1.4 1 Minor 05/01 AM 10.3/10.8 0.4/ 0.9 0.2/ 0.8 2 None Boston Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 12.5 ft, Moderate 14.5 ft, Major 16.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.4 ft, Moderate 4.4 ft, Major 5.9 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 13.0/13.5 2.8/ 3.4 1.2/ 1.7 2-4 Minor 04/12 AM 11.2/11.7 1.1/ 1.6 1.2/ 1.7 4 None 04/12 PM 12.6/13.1 2.5/ 3.0 0.9/ 1.4 3 Minor 05/01 AM 10.4/10.9 0.2/ 0.8 0.4/ 0.9 2 None Scituate MA MLLW Categories - Minor 11.5 ft, Moderate 13.5 ft, Major 15.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 1.8 ft, Moderate 3.8 ft, Major 5.8 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 12.5/13.0 2.7/ 3.2 1.1/ 1.6 3-5 Minor 04/12 AM 10.8/11.3 1.1/ 1.6 1.3/ 1.8 6-7 None 04/12 PM 12.1/12.6 2.3/ 2.8 0.8/ 1.3 4 Minor 05/01 AM 9.9/10.4 0.2/ 0.7 0.2/ 0.8 3 None Chatham - South side MLLW Categories - Minor 9.0 ft, Moderate 10.5 ft, Major 11.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 4.5 ft, Moderate 6.0 ft, Major 7.0 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/12 PM 6.2/ 6.7 1.7/ 2.2 1.1/ 1.6 4 None 04/01 AM 4.9/ 5.4 0.4/ 0.9 1.2/ 1.7 6-7 None 04/01 PM 5.9/ 6.4 1.4/ 1.9 0.9/ 1.4 3-4 None Wings Neck MLLW Categories - Minor 6.5 ft, Moderate 9.0 ft, Major 11.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.1 ft, Moderate 4.6 ft, Major 7.1 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/08 AM 5.9/ 6.4 1.5/ 2.0 0.8/ 1.3 1-2 None 03/08 PM 4.7/ 5.2 0.4/ 0.9 0.6/ 1.1 4-5 None 04/09 AM 5.7/ 6.2 1.4/ 1.9 0.8/ 1.3 2-3 None 04/09 PM 4.9/ 5.4 0.5/ 1.0 0.6/ 1.1 1 None Provincetown Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 13.0 ft, Moderate 14.0 ft, Major 15.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.9 ft, Moderate 3.9 ft, Major 4.9 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 12.6/13.1 2.5/ 3.0 1.0/ 1.5 4 Minor 04/12 AM 11.0/11.5 0.9/ 1.4 1.2/ 1.7 7 None 04/12 PM 12.1/12.6 2.0/ 2.5 0.6/ 1.1 4-5 None 05/01 AM 10.1/10.6 0.0/ 0.5 0.2/ 0.7 3 None Buzzards Bay at Woods Hole MLLW Categories - Minor 5.5 ft, Moderate 7.0 ft, Major 8.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 3.5 ft, Moderate 5.0 ft, Major 6.5 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/08 AM 3.9/ 4.4 1.9/ 2.3 0.8/ 1.3 2 None 03/09 PM 3.5/ 4.0 1.5/ 2.0 1.0/ 1.5 5 None 04/09 AM 3.7/ 4.2 1.8/ 2.2 0.8/ 1.3 2-3 None 04/10 PM 3.0/ 3.5 1.0/ 1.5 0.6/ 1.1 1 None Dennis - Sesuit Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 13.0 ft, Moderate 14.5 ft, Major 16.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 2.5 ft, Moderate 4.0 ft, Major 5.5 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 13.4/13.9 2.8/ 3.4 1.2/ 1.7 3 Minor 04/12 AM 11.9/12.4 1.4/ 1.9 1.5/ 2.0 6 None 04/12 PM 12.8/13.3 2.2/ 2.7 0.7/ 1.1 3-4 Minor 05/01 AM 10.7/11.2 0.2/ 0.7 0.2/ 0.8 1-2 None Chatham MA - East Coast MLLW Categories - Minor 9.0 ft, Moderate 11.5 ft, Major 13.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 1.3 ft, Moderate 3.8 ft, Major 5.3 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/12 PM 7.1/ 7.6 -0.7/-0.2 1.2/ 1.7 5 None 04/01 AM 6.0/ 6.5 -1.8/-1.3 1.4/ 1.9 7-8 None 04/01 PM 6.7/ 7.2 -1.1/-0.6 0.8/ 1.3 5-6 None Sandwich Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 12.0 ft, Moderate 14.0 ft, Major 15.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 1.7 ft, Moderate 3.7 ft, Major 4.7 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/11 AM 11.9/12.4 1.6/ 2.0 1.2/ 1.7 3-4 Minor 04/12 AM 10.4/10.9 0.1/ 0.6 1.4/ 1.9 6-7 None 04/12 PM 11.3/11.8 1.0/ 1.5 0.7/ 1.1 3-4 None 05/01 AM 9.3/ 9.8 -1.1/-0.6 0.2/ 0.8 2 None Vineyard Haven MLLW Categories - Minor 5.0 ft, Moderate 6.5 ft, Major 8.5 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 3.0 ft, Moderate 4.5 ft, Major 6.5 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/12 PM 3.1/ 3.6 1.1/ 1.6 1.1/ 1.6 2-3 None 04/12 AM 3.2/ 3.7 1.2/ 1.7 1.5/ 2.0 4-5 None 04/12 PM 2.7/ 3.2 0.8/ 1.3 0.9/ 1.4 2 None 05/01 AM 2.1/ 2.6 0.1/ 0.6 0.4/ 0.9 1 None Nantucket Harbor MLLW Categories - Minor 5.0 ft, Moderate 6.5 ft, Major 8.0 ft MHHW Categories - Minor 1.4 ft, Moderate 2.9 ft, Major 4.4 ft Total Total Departure Day/Time Tide Tide from Norm Waves Flood ft MLLW ft MHHW ft ft Impact -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- -------- 03/12 PM 5.2/ 5.7 1.6/ 2.0 1.2/ 1.7 3-4 Minor 04/01 AM 4.5/ 5.0 0.9/ 1.4 1.6/ 2.0 5-7 None 04/01 PM 4.7/ 5.2 1.2/ 1.7 0.8/ 1.3 3-4 Minor && $$ Nocera
The 1938 New England Hurricane was one of the deadliest and most destructive tropical cyclones to strike the United States. The storm formed near the coast of Africa on September 9, becoming a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, before making landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Long Island on Wednesday, September 21. It is estimated that the hurricane killed 682 people, damaged or destroyed more than 57,000 homes, and caused property losses estimated at $306 million. Multiple other sources, however, mention that the 1938 hurricane might have really been a more powerful Category 4, having winds similar to Hurricanes Hugo, Harvey, Frederic and Gracie when it ran through Long Island and New England. Also, numerous others estimate the real damage between $347 million and almost $410 million. Damaged trees and buildings were still seen in the affected areas as late as 1951. It remains the most powerful and deadliest hurricane in recorded New England history, perhaps eclipsed in landfall intensity only by the Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635.
Hurricane Dora was the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall over the Atlantic coast of North Florida at hurricane intensity. The sixth tropical storm and second hurricane of the 1964 season, Dora developed from a tropical wave near the coast of Senegal on August 28. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Dora late on August 31. It then curved northeastward and continued to strengthen. By late on September 2, Dora became a Category 1 hurricane. Intensification slowed somewhat, with Dora becoming a Category 2 hurricane on September 4 and then a Category 3 hurricane on next day. Deepening further, the storm briefly peaked as a Category 4 with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) on September 6. Dora soon weakened to a Category 3 hurricane and then a Category 2 hurricane while curving westward early the following day.
The 1986 Atlantic hurricane season was a very inactive season that produced 10 depressions, 6 named storms, 4 hurricanes, and no major hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1, 1986, and lasted until November 30, 1986. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. During the 1986 season, the first subtropical depression formed in the first week of June, while the last tropical cyclone dissipated at the end of the third week of November. The 1986 season had lower than average activity because of an ongoing El Niño event, and was the least active season in the North Atlantic since the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season. This was also the first season since 1972 to have no major hurricanes.
Hurricane Donna, known in Puerto Rico as Hurricane San Lorenzo, was the strongest hurricane of the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season, and caused severe damage to the Lesser Antilles, the Greater Antilles, and the East Coast of the United States, especially Florida, in August–September. The fifth tropical cyclone, third hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season, Donna developed south of Cape Verde on August 29, spawned by a tropical wave to which 63 deaths from a plane crash in Senegal were attributed. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Donna by the following day. Donna moved west-northwestward at roughly 20 mph (32 km/h) and by September 1, it reached hurricane status. Over the next three days, Donna deepened significantly and reached maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) on September 4. Thereafter, it maintained intensity as it struck the Lesser Antilles later that day. On Sint Maarten, the storm left a quarter of the island's population homeless and killed seven people. An additional five deaths were reported in Anguilla, and there were seven other fatalities throughout the Virgin Islands. In Puerto Rico, severe flash flooding led to 107 fatalities, 85 of them in Humacao alone.
Hurricane Gloria was a powerful hurricane that caused significant damage along the east coast of the United States and in Atlantic Canada during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first significant tropical cyclone to strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the first major storm to affect New York City and Long Island directly since Hurricane Donna in 1960. Gloria was a Cape Verde hurricane originating from a tropical wave on September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the Lesser Antilles. During that time, the storm had moved generally westward, although it turned to the northwest due to a weakening of the ridge. Gloria quickly intensified on September 24, and the next day reached peak winds of 145 mph (233 km/h). The hurricane weakened before striking the Outer Banks of North Carolina on September 27. Later that day, Gloria made two subsequent landfalls on Long Island and across the coastline of western Connecticut, before becoming extratropical on September 28 over New England. The remnants moved through Atlantic Canada and went on to impact Western Europe, eventually dissipating on October 4.
Hurricane Jeanne was a Category 3 hurricane that struck the Caribbean and the Eastern United States in September 2004. It was the deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin since Mitch in 1998. It was the tenth named storm, the seventh hurricane, and the fifth major hurricane of the season, as well as the third hurricane and fourth named storm of the season to make landfall in Florida. After wreaking havoc on Hispaniola, Jeanne struggled to reorganize, eventually strengthening and performing a complete loop over the open Atlantic. It headed westwards, strengthening into a Category 3 hurricane and passing over the islands of Great Abaco and Grand Bahama in the Bahamas on September 25. Jeanne made landfall later in the day in Florida just two miles from where Hurricane Frances had struck a mere three weeks earlier.
Hurricane Bertha was an intense and early-forming major hurricane that affected areas from the Leeward Islands to the United States in July of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season. The second named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane during the season. Bertha originated from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa in early July. Steadily organizing while moving generally towards the west, the disturbance was designated as a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on July 5, and was further upgraded to a tropical storm by 1200 UTC later that day. Over the next few days, continued intensification occurred, and Bertha became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, the first hurricane of the season, prior to moving through the northern Leeward Islands. Late on July 8, a period of rapid intensification began, and at 0600 UTC on July 9, Bertha reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) with a minimum barometric pressure of 960 mbar (28 inHg). Moving around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge, Bertha passed north of the Bahamas as a weakening hurricane before turning towards the north-northeast and undergoing another period of rapid intensification. Late on July 12, Bertha made landfall between Wrightsville Beach and Topsail Beach, North Carolina with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h). Gradual weakening ensued the following day as Bertha moved up the Mid-Atlantic and into New England before becoming an extratropical cyclone on July 14. The storm's remnants persisted for another several days, before dissipating on July 18.
Hurricane Dennis caused flooding in North Carolina and the Mid-Atlantic states in early September 1999, which would later be compounded by Hurricane Floyd. The fifth tropical cyclone of the season, Dennis developed from a tropical wave to the north of Puerto Rico on August 24. Originally a tropical depression, the system moved west-northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm despite unfavorable wind shear. The storm became a hurricane by August 26. After striking the Abaco Islands, conditions improved, allowing for Dennis to strengthen into a Category 2 on the Saffir–Simpson scale by August 28. Around this time, Dennis began to move parallel to the Southeastern United States. Early on August 30, the storm peaked with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). By the following day, steering currents collapsed and the storm interacted with a cold front, causing Dennis to move erratically offshore North Carolina. Wind shear and cold air associated with the front weakened Dennis to a tropical storm on September 1 and removed some of its tropical characteristics. Eventually, warmer ocean temperatures caused some re-strengthening. By September 4, Dennis turned northwestward and made landfall in Cape Lookout, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm. The storm slowly weakened inland, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over western New York on September 7.
Hurricane Esther was the first large tropical cyclone to be discovered by satellite imagery. The fifth tropical cyclone, named storm, and hurricane of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, Esther developed from an area of disturbed weather hundreds of miles west-southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands on September 10. Moving northwestward, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Esther on September 11, before reaching hurricane intensity on the following day. Early on September 13, Esther curved westward and deepened into a major hurricane. The storm remained a Category 3 hurricane for about four days and gradually moved in a west-northwestward direction. Late on September 17, Esther strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane with sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) on September 18. The storm curved north-northeastward on September 19, while offshore of North Carolina. Esther began to weaken while approaching New England and fell to Category 3 intensity on September 21. The storm turned eastward early on the following day, and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm.
The effects of Hurricane Dennis in Georgia included two deaths and $24 million (2005 USD) in damage. On June 29, 2005, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. Gradually, the system organized on July 2 and formed a broad low pressure area. The system continued to organize, and it became a tropical depression on July 4. Tracking westward, it became a tropical storm on July 5 and a hurricane on July 7. Dennis rapidly intensified to attain Category 4 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale before making landfall on Cuba. The storm weakened to Category 1 status before re-emerging in the Gulf of Mexico and intensifying to a Category 4. Dennis weakened before the cyclone made landfall on the Florida Panhandle on July 10, then tracked over southeast Alabama.
A coastal flood warning is an hazardous weather statement issued by the Weather Forecast Offices of the National Weather Service in the United States which indicates coastal flooding is either imminent or occurring along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico. The flooding must be due to water being forced from the nearby body of water onto the land, and not from rainfall. Nor'easters, hurricanes, tropical storms, and thunderstorms can all lead to the issuance of a coastal flood warning.
A coastal flood watch is issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when coastal flooding along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico is possible. The flooding must be due to water being forced from the nearby body of water onto land, and not from rainfall. Nor'easters, hurricanes, tropical storms, and thunderstorms can all lead to the issuance of a coastal flood watch.
The December 1992 nor'easter produced record high tides and snowfall across the northeastern United States. It developed as a low pressure area on December 10 over Virginia, and for two days it remained over the Mid-Atlantic states before moving offshore. In Maryland, the snowfall unofficially reached 48 in (1,200 mm); if verified, the total would have been the highest in the state's history. About 120,000 people were left without power in the state due to high winds. Along the Maryland coast, the storm was less severe than the Perfect Storm in the previous year, although the strongest portion of the storm remained over New Jersey for several days. In the state, winds reached 80 mph (130 km/h) in Cape May, and tides peaked at 10.4 ft (3.2 m) in Perth Amboy. The combination of high tides and 25 ft (7.6 m) waves caused the most significant flooding in the state since the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962. Several highways and portions of the New York City Subway and Port Authority Trans-Hudson systems were closed due to the storm. Throughout New Jersey, the nor'easter damaged about 3,200 homes and caused an estimated $750 million in damage (1992 USD).
Hurricane Hermine was the first hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, and the first to develop in the Gulf of Mexico since Hurricane Ingrid in 2013. The ninth tropical depression, eighth named storm, and fourth hurricane of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season, Hermine developed in the Florida Straits on August 28 from a long-tracked tropical wave. The precursor system dropped heavy rainfall in portions of the Caribbean, especially the Dominican Republic and Cuba. In the former, the storm damaged more than 200 homes and displaced over 1,000 people. Although some areas of Cuba recorded more than 12 in (300 mm) of rain, the precipitation was generally beneficial due to a severe drought. After being designated on August 29, Hermine shifted northeastwards due to a trough over Georgia and steadily intensified into an 80 mph (130 km/h) Category 1 hurricane just before making landfall in the Florida Panhandle during September 2. After moving inland, Hermine quickly weakened and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 3 near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The remnant system meandered offshore the Northeastern United States before dissipating over southeastern Massachusetts on September 8.
Hurricane Ian was a deadly and extremely destructive Category 5 Atlantic hurricane, which was the third-costliest weather disaster on record, the deadliest hurricane to strike the state of Florida since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, and the strongest hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Michael in 2018. Ian caused widespread damage across western Cuba, Florida, and the Carolinas. Ian was the ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. Ian was the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since Lorenzo in 2019, and the fifth since 2016 to reach that strength before making landfall in the contiguous United States.