Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu,known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines,Taiwan,and southeast China in early October 2021. Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season,Kompasu originated from an area of low pressure east of the Philippines on 6 October 2021. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified it as a tropical depression that day. A day later,the Philippine Atmospheric,Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classified it as a tropical depression,naming it Maring. The cyclone was initially heavily disorganised,competing with another vortex,Tropical Depression Nando. Eventually,Maring became dominant,and the JMA reclassified it as a tropical storm,naming it Kompasu. Kompasu made landfall in Cagayan,Philippines,on 11 October 2021,and two days later,the storm made landfall in Hainan,China. The cyclone dissipated on 14 October 2021 while located over Vietnam.
The storm impacted many areas previously affected by Tropical Storm Lionrock a few days prior.[1] Kompasu killed 46 people and 21 others were missing,majority of them were in the Philippines. The country also reported a damage of ₱8.3billion (US$163million).[2] Total damage caused by the storm was US$545million.
Meteorological history
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity,according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
At 18:00UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) on 6 October 2021, the JMA noted that an area of low pressure embedded within a large monsoonal circulation had formed to the north of Palau.[3] The system developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC of the next day.[4] At 09:00UTC (17:00 PHT) on 7 October, PAGASA issued its first bulletin for the depression, and assigned it the name Maring.[5] The JMA also noted the persistence of another, nearby tropical depression to its Northeast, later named Nando.[6] As it is embedded in the same monsoonal depression and due to its proximity, Nando began to merge with Maring, and therefore formed a very broad and large circulation at a diameter of 1900km, beating Lekima of 2007 by 200km.[7][8] This prompted the JMA to upgrade the overall system to a tropical storm, and was named Kompasu.[9] However at that time, the JTWC still considered the system as two separate disturbances and issued separate TCFAs later in the day for both depressions, albeit noting the possibility of merging.[10][11] The JTWC later considered the entire system as merged with their first warning for Kompasu.[12]
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu approaching Luzon on 11 October
At midnight of 11 October, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, as it attained good cloud characteristics.[13] At 12:10UTC (20:10PHT) on 11 October, Kompasu made landfall on Fuga Island, Cagayan, as a severe tropical storm.[2][14] At 05:00 PHT of 13 October (21:00 UTC of 12 October), the PAGASA issued its final bulletin as its exited the PAR and continued towards Hainan.[15] Between 03:00 and 09:00 UTC of 13 October, Kompasu had made landfall over the east coast of Hainan.[16][17] By 18:00 UTC, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm, as it crossed the entire island and entered the Gulf of Tonkin, as its convection had rapidly weakened because of the rough terrain of the island.[18][19] At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC issued its final warning followed by downgrading to a tropical depression, as its convection had diminished and the low-level circulation center had been weakened significantly because of the increasing vertical wind shear and dry air, despite not making landfall over northern Vietnam.[20] The JMA issued its final warning after downgrading it to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC.[21][22]
Preparations and impact
Philippines
Around 2,000people were evacuated as a precaution. On 12 October, the governments of Baguio, Ilocos Sur, and Pangasinan cancelled school and suspended work in government offices.[23] According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), the storm affected 1,203,448people in the regions of Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mimaropa, Caraga, Western Visayas, and the CAR.[2] The Department of Public Works and Highways reported that 15 national roads and highways nationwide were impassable due to flooding attributed to Maring (Kompasu) and Tropical Depression Nando.[24] The NDRRMC reported that a total of 42people died, 16people were still missing, and five people were injured.[2][25] Of the dead, nine people died in landslides in Benguet and five died in flash floods in Palawan.[26] In La Trinidad, Benguet, three children died after a mudslide buried their home.[24] In Cagayan, power outages were reported. Around 200people were evacuated.[27] Two people died after getting washed away by floodwaters, and ten people were rescued from flooded homes.[24] The Office of the Vice-president dispatched two squads to help those who were affected by the storm in the provinces of La Union, Cagayan, Isabela, and Benguet.[25] According to the NDRRMC, damage was calculated at ₱8.3billion (US$163million).[2] The government of the Philippines distributed ₱17.9million (US$352,000) worth of recovery items to people affected by the storm.[23]
Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued the No. 8 Gale or Storm Signal during the approach of Kompasu, and kept it in force for over 23 hours. This was the longest No. 8 Signal ever recorded, beating the record of Tropical Storm Lionrock three days prior.[28][29] Gale-force winds of over 43mph (70km/h) were generally recorded over the coastal areas, with gusts exceeding 56mph (90km/h) in some areas.[30] The government opened 24shelters, to which 255people fled during the storm. There were 72reports of fallen trees, and 10 reports of flooding. One person died, and 21people were injured.[31] Local economists estimated the cost of Kompasu to be HK$2–3billion (US$257–386million).[32]
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu making its final landfall over Vietnam on October 13
On 13 October 2021, heavy rains affected Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces. In Guangdong, a total of 30 cities and counties suspended classes, the highest since Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018.[34] Heavy rain lashed Shenzhen, where construction sites and tourist attractions were shut down.[35] The Yantian Port, one of the world's busiest ports, was closed, causing a maritime traffic jam.[36] The direct economic loss reached ¥750million (US$117million).[37]
Hainan
Authorities in Hainan closed three ports,[38] and all schools were closed in Haikou.[39] Trees were brought down in Hainan, with firefighters clearing debris from roads. The storm was the strongest to hit the island in five years.[40]
Vietnam
Despite weakened significantly before striking Vietnam, Kompasu still brought heavy rains to the Central region and caused flooding. The storm left three dead and five missing.[41] 76 landslides were reported, majority of them were occurred in Nghệ An province and Quảng Nam province. 1,976ha (4,880 acres) of rice and 59ha (150 acres) of crops and ornamental plants were swept away. In Bố Trạch district, houses were flooded by waters with a depth of 1.2m (3.9ft).[41] Damage across the country was amounted to ₫176billion (US$7.72million).[42]
Elsewhere
The Central Weather Bureau issued advisories for heavy rain for northern and eastern parts of Taiwan. Heavy rain was reported in numerous areas, including the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area.[43] The Thai Meteorological Department had issued heavy rain forecasts for the country's upper Isan region, but the rains eased off as the storm rapidly lost strength following its landfall in Vietnam.[1]
After the season, PAGASA announced that the name Maring would be removed from its list of typhoon names after it caused ₱1 billion in damages and will no longer be used in the future. On 21 March 2022, the PAGASA chose the name Mirasol, which is derived from a sunflower, as its replacement for the 2025 season.[44][45]
In early 2023, the Typhoon Committee announced that the name Kompasu, along with two others will be removed from the naming lists.[46] In the spring of 2024, the name was replaced with Tokei, which means clock (Horologium) for future seasons.[47]
↑ 杉江勇次 (22 October 2021). "巨大な台風１８号は沖縄の南へ 新たな熱帯低気圧も発生か"[The huge Typhoon No. 18 is on its way to Okinawa, new tropical storm begins to form.]. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
↑ 杉江勇次 (8 October 2021). "台風１８号は、まれにみる発生当初からの巨大な台風"[Storm No. 18 is one of the rarest and most massive storms since its formation.]. Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021. 今回の台風１８号は速報値ではありますが、発生時から直径１９００キロもの広大な強風域を持つ巨大な台風として生まれました。[...] これまで最も大きな強風域を持って発生した台風は２００７年台風１４号で、その大きさは直径１７００キロでしたから。 ["Although data on Typhoon No. 18 comes from a preliminary report, it is said to have been born with a large wind field of 1,900 kilometers in its initial formation. [...] The previous typhoon with the largest wind field [according to JMA statistics since 1977] was Typhoon No. 14 in 2007, which had a diameter of 1,700 kilometers."]
↑ "颱風"圓規"工作總結". Government of Macau (in Chinese). 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
↑ "刚刚！台风"圆规"登陆海南琼海，成近五年来登陆海南最强台风"[Just! typhoon Kompasu made landfall in the qionghai sea of hainan, making it the strongest typhoon to make landfall in hainan in the past five years] (in Chinese). 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
↑ "应急管理部发布2021年10月全国自然灾害情况". Ministry of Emergency Management (in Chinese). 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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