Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 27,2022 |
Extratropical | September 6,2022 |
Dissipated | September 9,2022 |
Violent typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 195 km/h (120 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 920 hPa (mbar);27.17 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 270 km/h (165 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 911 hPa (mbar);26.90 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 20 |
Missing | 1 |
Damage | $1.81 billion (2022 USD) |
Areas affected |
|
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Hinnamnor,known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Henry,was a very large and powerful tropical cyclone that impacted Japan,South Korea,Taiwan,the Philippines,and Russia. [nb 1] The eleventh named storm,fourth typhoon,and the 1st super typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season,Hinnamnor originated from a disturbed area of weather first noted on August 27 by the JTWC. This area soon formed into Tropical Storm Hinnamnor on the next day. The storm rapidly intensified and became a typhoon on the August 29. Overnight,Hinnamnor cleared a small eye along with a well-defined CDO,and intensified into a high-end Category 4-equivalent super typhoon.
Hinnamnor then weakened due to undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle. However,it re-intensified to a Category 5 super typhoon,the first of 2022,with a larger eye and CDO south of Okinawa. An increasingly hostile environment caused it to lose its convective features the night of September 1,weakening it down to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. As the storm accelerated northward into the East China Sea,it rebuilt itself throughout the next day,and began intensifying again. The storm gained major status once again on September 4,and headed northeastwards towards Busan. Beginning to weaken for the final time on September 5,the storm made landfall late that day as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon and began extratropical transition.
As Hinnamnor approached,many advisories concerning the storm were issued in Japan,China,Taiwan,and South Korea. The typhoon brought flooding rainfall and powerful winds to Okinawa,and thousands of homes suffered power outages. Heavy rainfall affected northern districts in Taiwan,and a man died in the Philippines due to Hinnamnor's flooding. Hinnamnor made landfall just southeast of Geoje in South Korea,knocking out power for tens of thousands of homes. Overall,the typhoon was responsible for 20 deaths,1 missing and US$1.81 billion in damage across several countries. [1] [2] [3] [4] [ excessive citations ]
On August 27, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) [nb 2] began monitoring a tropical disturbance about 500 nautical miles (925 km; 575 mi) east-southeast of Iwo Jima. [6] Satellite images indicated that the north and southeast areas were accompanied by deep convection wrapping into the low-level center. [6] [7] At around 00:00 UTC on August 28, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) [nb 3] began monitoring a tropical depression that had developed in the Philippine Sea. [8] Later at 04:00 UTC the same day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for Invest 90W. [9] Beginning to rapidly intensify over warm waters, weak vertical wind shear, and high ocean heat content, the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the JMA assigning the name Hinnamnor for the system. [10] [11] A central dense overcast feature and prominent spiral banding, noting its obscure low-level circulation center. [12] Hinnamnor continued to organize and intensified into a severe tropical storm early the next day. [13] Hinnamnor strengthened into a typhoon, making it the fourth typhoon of the season. [14]
At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Hinnamnor to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, with maximum sustained winds of 75 knots (140 km/h; 85 mph). [15] Microwave imaging revealed a small, well-defined microwave eye feature. [15] Rapid intensification occurred on Hinnamnor, and it intensified into a Category 3-equivalent typhoon. [16] Quickly strengthening, the storm quickly grew with Category 4-equivalent winds of 125 knots (230 km/h; 145 mph); [17] however, there was some curved banding in the 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) diameter eye. [18] At around 15:00 UTC on August 30, the JTWC classified Hinnamnor as a super typhoon. [19] Overnight, Hinnamnor cleared out a small, round eye, and strengthened into a high-end category 4-equivalent super typhoon. [20] At this time, the JTWC estimated winds of 135 knots (250 km/h; 155 mph), with the JMA estimating a minimum central pressure of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg). [20] [21]
Hinnamnor weakened back to category 4-equivalent typhoon after beginning an eyewall replacement cycle. [22] Hinnamnor entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, and was named Henry on August 31. [23] As it headed towards the Ryukyu Islands, Hinnamnor proceeded to reorganize on satellite with an intense CDO forming along with a larger eye. [24] It re-intensified back to a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on September 1, [25] and, at the same time, Tropical Depression 13W (Gardo) embedded into the wind field with Hinnamnor. [26] Hinnamnor weakened to Category 4-equivalent super typhoon by 09:00 UTC due to elongation of the convective core and cooler sea surface temperatures. [27] Due to northeasterly vertical wind shear, Hinnamnor weakened again to Category 4-equivalent typhoon. [28] Hinnamnor's winds were estimated at just 95 knots (175 km/h; 110 mph), which made it a Category 2-equivalent typhoon on September 2. [29] At 09:00 UTC, Hinnamnor further weakened into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon as it finally began to move north-northwest into the East China Sea. [30] It rebuilt its convective features, and was upgraded to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon once more on September 3. [31] Hinnamnor later crossed the Southern Ryukyu Islands. [32] Hinnamor then exited the PAR at 01:30 PHT September 4 (17:30 UTC September 3), and the PAGASA issued their final bulletin for the system at 05:00 PHT (21:00 UTC September 3) on the same day. [33]
The system re-strengthened again to Category 3-equivalent typhoon as it strengthened, with deep convection becoming more symmetric on September 4. [34] Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) surrounded eye around a spiral banding. [35] Hinnamnor continued to be persistent despite dry air intrusion from the west. [36] Its eye slowly became cloud-filled as its circulation wrapped around it. [37] At 21:00 UTC on September 5, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. [38] According to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), Hinnamnor made landfall just southeast of Geoje, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. [39] At 03:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC issued their final warning on the system as it began its transition into an extratropical cyclone, with its frontal structure. [40] Shortly after, the JMA downgraded Hinnamnor to a severe tropical storm. [41] The JMA issued its last advisory on Hinnamnor, and declared it an extratropical low. [42] The low moved northward and was last noted in Okhotsk, Russia on September 7. [43] [44]
An official at the JMA called for "strict vigilance" against Hinnamnor, and recommended those move to sturdy buildings and shelters as the typhoon approached. He also stated that winds from the storm could reach into other portions of Kyushu. [45] Flooding rains of over 400 mm (16 in) were also forecasted for the islands of Sakishima. [46] Several maritime trips were also cancelled due to the typhoon's approach. [47] 174 flights, and 228 ferry trips were cancelled. [48] [49] The harvest season in the Hokuriku region of the country was anticipated to be impacted too. [50] Several COVID-19 vaccine drives were cancelled for the September 3 and 4. [51] Over 100,000 total people were ordered to evacuate in Okinawa by local authorities. [52]
South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol ordered Interior Minister Lee Sang-Min to come up with the highest response measures for Hinnamnor. A meeting was then held concerning response to Hinnamnor by Lee. [53] [54] The storm was forecasted to be as strong at landfall as 2003's Maemi. [55] Preliminary weather advisories were issued in southern areas of the country, including the cities of Gwangju, Busan, Daegu, and Ulsan on the September 4. Prime Minister Han Duck-soo called for schools to close down or switch to distance education until on September 5. [56] Run rates of three reactors at Kori Nuclear Power Plant were lowered to less than 30% in anticipation of Hinnamnor. 200 residents in coastal areas of Busan were asked to evacuate to shelters. [57] [58] 7,600 civil servants were deployed in Busan to help with emergency response. [59]
In Taiwan, the Central Weather Bureau issued warnings as Hinnamnor approached on September 2. [60] Eight flights, two domestic and six international, and 106 ferry services on 12 routes were cancelled, [61] as well as school closures in several districts. [62] In the Philippines, Signals No. 1 and 2 were issued in northern Luzon as Hinnamnor passed. [63] Governor Marilou Cayco suspended classes in Batanes. [64] The Philippine Airlines cancelled flights due to inclement weather. [65] The Philippine National Police (PNP) deployed disaster response units in northern Luzon. [66]
In eastern China, coastal cities suspended ferry services and classes. Shanghai deployed more than 50,000 officers to aid with rescues and traffic. The nations Meteorological Center issued a yellow typhoon warning on September 4. [67] In North Korea, officials inspected buildings at risk of flooding, and boats were recalled to their port. Pyongyang took measures to protect certain areas frequently hit by mudslides. [68]
Four people in Okinawa were injured as a result of the Typhoon. [69] According to Okinawa Electric Power Company, 2,920 houses were out of power in Miyakojima, another 190 were out in Ishigaki, 330 in Tarama, and 10 in Taketomi Town. [70] on September 3. In Watanagi Village, rainfall of up to 64 mm (2.5 in) per hour fell; the highest of such observation during the month in the past decade. [71] Houses were damaged, with one totally destroyed in Kito-Daito Village. Agricultural damage across the prefecture reached ¥960 million (US$6.85 million). [72]
Transportation was also affected by the Typhoon. Early in the morning on 5 September, JR West announced the possibility of a planned suspension of the Sanyo Shinkansen on September 6 [69] with suspension between Hakata and Hiroshima being confirmed later that evening. [73] At least 56 flights were cancelled, affecting over 3,000 people. [74] Communication was severed from Kito-Daito as a result of Hinnamnor's passing. [2] A mango greenhouse on Ishigaki Island was knocked down. [67]
Impacts in South Korea were less than initially feared due to Hinnamnor's fast movement speed. [75] Jeju Island recorded 273.5 mm (10.77 in) of rain from Hinnamnor's outer bands on September 4, [56] for a later total of 948 mm (37.3 in) in parts of the island. [76] A total of 3,463 people from 2,661 in landslide and flood-prone areas were evacuated, among the 15,000 total who were advised to. At least 66,000 houses suffered power outages, [75] and several were reported to be inunduated. One in the central city of Sejong City was destroyed. Twelve were flooded in Jeju. [77]
Hinnamnor also left 70 vessels on 50 sea routes grounded, 251 flights at 12 airports cancelled, and 354 train schedules suspended or adjusted. Rainfall totaled 389 mm (15.3 in) in a mountainous area in the city of Gyeongju, and 272 mm (10.7) in Seoul's Gangnam District. [76] At least 11 people were reported killed in the country. [78] One person is missing. [78] Rain totals in the country were 447 mm (17.6 in) in Gyeongju, 418 mm (16.5 in) in Pohang, and 385 mm (15.2 in) in Ulsan. [79] Steelmaker POSCO reported a damage of ₩2.4 trillion (US$1.7 billion). [3]
In Taiwan, accumulated rainfall totaled 207.5 mm (8.17 in) in Yangmingshan, 177 mm (7.0 in) in Beitou District, and 174 mm (6.9 in) in Taipingshan. Local authorities in northern areas reported wind and rain damage, with no injuries. [62] Landslides in Nanzhuang rendered roads impassable. [80] Some 100 roadside trees fell, and over 600 residents in New Taipei, Taoyuan and Hsinchu counties were evacuated. [67] Two major reservoirs were replenished, and the water level of the Keelung River. One of the reservoirs received 446 mm (17.6 in) of rainwater between September 1 and 4. [81]
In the Philippines, Hinnamnor enhanced the southwest monsoon which brought rainfall over Luzon. [82] A man died in Ifugao due to heavy rains caused by the typhoon. [83] Hinnamnor brought heavy rains in Batanes. [84] As of September 7, the NDRRMC reported 2,442 affected people, 51 were displaced and 192 people were preemptively evacuated. [1] At least 12 homes were damaged or destroyed. [1] Infrastructure damage was estimated to be ₱61.4 million (US$1.08 million). [1]
In Russia Far East, the extratropical remnants of Hinnamnor caused flooding in Primorsky Krai. Governor Oleg Kozhemyako reported that eight people were killed. More than 2,300 houses were flooded, in which 49 of them were destroyed. About 15,000 people were affected by the flooding. Total damage in the region were amounted to ₽6 billion (US$98.7 million). [4]
Due to the extensive damage in South Korea, the Typhoon Committee announced that the name Hinnamnor, along with five others will be removed from the naming lists despite its first usage. [85] In the spring of 2024, the name was replaced with Ong-mang, which known as the Eld's Deer (Rucervus eldii) or brow-antlered deer. [86]
The 2012 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 25 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and four intense typhoons. It was a destructive and the second consecutive year to be the deadliest season, primarily due to Typhoon Bopha which killed 1,901 people in the Philippines. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2012, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Pakhar, developed on March 28, while the season's last named storm, Wukong, dissipated on December 29. The season's first typhoon, Guchol, reached typhoon status on June 15, and became the first super typhoon of the year on June 17.
The 2015 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced twenty-seven tropical storms, eighteen typhoons, and nine super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Mekkhala, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Melor, dissipated on December 17. The season saw at least one named tropical system forming in each of every month, the first time since 1965. Similar to the previous season, this season saw a high number of super typhoons. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) during 2015 was extremely high, the third highest since 1970, and the 2015 ACE has been attributed in part to anthropogenic warming, and also the 2014-16 El Niño event, that led to similarly high ACE values in the East Pacific.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing twenty-nine storms, thirteen typhoons, seven super typhoons and six Category 5 tropical cyclones. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
Typhoon Bolaven, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was regarded as the most powerful storm to strike the Korean Peninsula in nearly a decade, with wind gusts measured up to 186 km/h (116 mph). Forming as a tropical depression on August 19, 2012, to the southwest of the Mariana Islands, Bolaven steadily intensified as it slowly moved west-northwestward in a region favoring tropical development. The system was soon upgraded to a tropical storm less than a day after formation and further to a typhoon by August 21. Strengthening became more gradual thereafter as Bolaven grew in size. On August 24, the system attained its peak intensity, with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a barometric pressure of 910 mbar. Weakening only slightly, the storm passed directly over Okinawa on August 26 as it began accelerating toward the north. Steady weakening continued as Bolaven approached the Korean Peninsula and it eventually made landfall in North Korea late on August 28 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants rapidly tracked northeastward over the Russian Far East before turning eastward and were last noted on September 1 crossing the International Dateline.
Typhoon Sanba, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Karen, was the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2012. The sixteenth named storm and tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Sanba formed as a tropical depression east of the Philippines on September 10. The storm gradually intensified as it moved generally northward in an area favorable for tropical development. The system was soon upgraded to a tropical storm less than a day after formation and subsequently further to a typhoon on September 12. Later that day, Sanba entered a phase of rapid intensification, and quickly strengthened. On September 13, the system attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), and a barometric pressure of 900 mbar, becoming the strongest typhoon in the Western Pacific Ocean since Megi in 2010. Accelerating towards more northerly latitudes, a period of gradual weakening ensued afterwards as its eye expanded. It made landfall on South Korea late on September 17 as a typhoon before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone the following day. Sanba's remnants tracked into the Primorsky Krai region of eastern Russia before they were last noted on September 19.
Typhoon Jelawat, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Lawin, was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season in terms of ten-minute maximum sustained winds, tied with Typhoon Sanba. Following Bolaven and Sanba, Jelawat was the third typhoon directly hitting Okinawa Island in 2012. Jelawat, which means carp in Malaysian, is a type of freshwater fish.
Typhoon Vongfong, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ompong, was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2014, and struck Japan as a large tropical system. It also indirectly affected the Philippines and Taiwan. Vongfong was the nineteenth named storm and the ninth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Estimates assess damage from Vongfong to have been over US$160 million, mainly for striking mainland Japan. At least 9 people were killed along the path of the typhoon in those countries.
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Typhoon Chaba, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Igme, was the fourth most intense tropical cyclone in 2016 and the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in South Korea since Sanba in 2012. Chaba also caused 7 deaths in the country. Typhoon Chaba was the eighteenth named storm and the eighth typhoon of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season. Chaba originated as a depression around the east-northeast of Guam. Being in a marginally favorable environment, JMA proceeds to name the system as Chaba. On September 28, JTWC gave its identifier as Tropical Depression 21W. Its LLCC starts to improve, prompting the JTWC to upgrade into a tropical storm. Chaba entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, receiving the name Igme as it moved northwestwards. Chaba became more symmetrical which later ensued its rapid intensification.
Typhoon Lan, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Paolo, was the third-most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, behind only hurricanes Irma and Maria in the Atlantic. A very large storm, Lan was the twenty-first tropical storm and ninth typhoon of the annual typhoon season. It originated from a tropical disturbance that the United States Naval Research Laboratory had begun tracking near Chuuk on October 11. Slowly consolidating, it developed into a tropical storm on October 15, and intensified into a typhoon on October 17. It expanded in size and turned northward on October 18, although the typhoon struggled to intensify for two days. On October 20, Lan grew into a very large typhoon and rapidly intensified, due to favorable conditions, with a large well-defined eye, reaching peak intensity as a "super typhoon" with 1-minute sustained winds of 249 km/h (155 mph) – a high-end Category 4-equivalent storm – late on the same day. Afterward, encroaching dry air and shear caused the cyclone to begin weakening and turn extratropical, before it struck Japan on October 23 as a weaker typhoon. Later that day, it became fully extratropical before it was absorbed by a larger storm shortly afterward.
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Typhoon Prapiroon, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Florita, was a Category 1 typhoon that worsened the floods in Japan and also caused impacts in neighboring South Korea. The storm formed from an area of low pressure near the Philippines and strengthened to a typhoon before entering the Sea of Japan. The seventh named storm and the first typhoon of the annual annual typhoon season. Prapiroon originated from a low-pressure area far off the coast of Northern Luzon on June 28. Tracking westwards, it rapidly upgraded into a tropical storm, receiving the name Prapiroon due to favorable conditions in the Philippine Sea on the next day.
Severe Tropical Storm Maliksi, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Domeng, was a tropical cyclone in June 2018 that brought rainfall to the Philippines and Japan. It caused 2 deaths and prompted the PAGASA to declare the beginning of the rainy season in the Philippines. The fifth named storm and 4th tropical cyclone in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), it was first noted as an area of convection in the South of Palau on May 31.
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Josie, was a powerful tropical cyclone that impacted Japan. The fourteenth named storm, seventh typhoon, and second super typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2022, Nanmadol originated from a disturbance to the east of Iwo Jima which the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated as a tropical depression on September 12. Later that same day, upon attaining tropical storm strength, it was named Nanmadol by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).