2021–2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks

2021–2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks
Part of the Kivu conflict and the Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
Date 3 January 2021–ongoing (3 years, 2 months and 6 days) Location Democratic Republic of the Congo Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Democratic Republic of the Congo   Uganda Supported by   United States [1] MONUSCO   Belgium [2]	ADF   ISIS Mai-Mai Mai-Mai Kata Katanga CODECO Patriotic and Integrationist Force of Congo Mai-Mai Simba Mayi-Mayi Malaika Raia Mutomboki Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo FDLR Bandits
Commanders and leaders
Felix Tshisekedi Gilbert Kabanda Camille Bombele Lohola Yoweri Museveni Kayanja Muhanga Vincent Ssempijja	Musa Baluku
Casualties and losses
	82 killed At least 1 injured 69 captured 4 camps destroyed
Total casualties (on all sides): 711 casualties 322 injured

Attacks were carried out by various armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021 and 2022. The attacks have killed 629 and injured 321 (not including rebel casualties). At least 82 perpetrators were also killed and one injured in these attacks.

Throughout the conflict, rebel troops have carried out raids and massacres across the DRC, resulting in heavy civilian casualties. In October 2021, the Allied Democratic Forces launched a bombing campaign in Uganda, leading to the intervention of the Ugandan military the year later, which has pursued a policy of airstrikes against ADF targets. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]} In contrast, the Islamic State has reportedly lent support to the Allied Democratic Forces. ^[9]

The government under Félix Tshisekedi has tried to combat the insurgency by declaring martial law, with mixed success. ^{[10] [11]}

Humanitarian situation

Ongoing conflict in the country has led to a humanitarian crisis, with hundreds of people killed by both sides. ^[12] UN convoys have been raided, leading to the murder of Italian ambassador Luca Attanasio, possibly by the FDLR. ^{[13] [14] [15]} The UNHCR has estimated that around 20,000 civilians have been displaced, often several times, during the attacks. ^[16] Many refugee camps for these displaced people have been raided by rebels, prompting condemnation from the United Nations. ^{[17] [18] [19]}

According to reporters, the ADF has used civilians as human shields, which is a war crime under international law. ^[20]

Timeline

2021

Date	Location	Dead	Injured	Details
3 January	Mwenda, Beni territory, North Kivu	22	unknown	22 people were killed when the ADF attack the village of Mwenda with machetes and guns. [21]
5 January	Baboa Bokoe chiefdom, Ituri	4	unknown	Three civilians and one soldier was kill in a FPIC attack on three villages setting fire to multiple homes. [22]
10 January	Nyamitwitwi, Rutshuru, North Kivu	6 (+2)	1	Six park rangers were killed and one injured when Mai-Mai attacked their positions. [23]
12 January	Kako, Maniema	2 (+2)	1 (+1)	An unknown group ambushed a truck carrying traders killing two and injuring one of them. A soldier on the truck responded killing two of the attackers and wounding one. [24]
12 January	Bahatsha, Ituri	3 (+2)	unknown	ADF ambushed a company of FARDC soldiers in the village of Bahatsha killing three and losing two of their own. [25]
13 January	locality of Abembi, Ituri	15	unknown	ADF attacked a village in the locality of Abembi killing 15 people. [26]
14 January	Irumu territory	46	unknown	46 people were killed when ADF militants attacked a village in the Irumu territory. [27]
15 January	Ndalya, Ituri Province	16 (+4)	unknown	three soldiers and 13 civilians were killed and a church burned when ADF militants attack a village of Ndalya, four attackers were also killed. [28]
18 January	chiefdom of Bwito, North Kivu	1	3	Four civilians were kidnapped and one beheaded in the chiefdom of Bwito when unidentified armed men demanding US$3,000 for their release. [29]
26 January	Mogóró cell, Nord-Ubangi Province	0	6	Anti-balaka rebels from the Central African Republic crossed over into the DRC and kidnapped six fishermen along the Ubangi river. [30]
7 February	Osso-Banyungu sector, North kivu	1	3	Mai-Mai killed the official delegate of the governor of North Kivu, Mai-Mai also kidnapped a person at the scene. [31]
9 February	Kithovirwa, Ituri	10	unknown	ADF killed ten people in Kithovirwa village with knives. [32]
10 February	Linji, Ituri	2	1	Two people were killed and another wounded when bandits attacked Linji village at 10 p.m. local time, stealing valuables. [33]
7 February	Mabule, North Kivu	12	unknown	12 people were killed when ADF attacked the village of Mabule. [34]
13 February	Kabarole, Ituri	1	unknown	FPIC militiamen attacked the village of Kabarole at 3 p.m. local time killing a woman and stealing 60 cows. [35]
14 February	Lubumbashi	5 (+6)	unknown	Four police and one civilian were killed when the Bakata-Katanga militia attack Lubumbashi. Six attackers were also killed. [36] [37]
15 February	locality of Ndalya, Ituri	14	unknown	14 civilians were killed and a church burned when ADF attacked the locality of Ndalya at 10 a.m. local time. [38]
15 February	Kalembo, North Kivu	10	unknown	10 civilians were killed and pharmacies and shops looted when ADF attacked the village of Kalembo. [39]
17 February	commune of Oicha, North Kivu	4	2	ADF attacked the commune of Oicha at 7:30 pm local time killing four and injuring two. [40]
18–19 February	Mongwalu, Ituri	10(+6)	unknown	CODECO militants from the URDPC branch attacked the city of Mongwalu killing ten people, burning 30 homes, and looting many others. CODECO lost six of their own soldier in the attack. [41]
19 February	Musuku, North Kivu	1	1	ADF ambushed a motorcycle in Musuku killing one and injuring one. [42]
22 February	Virunga National Park, North Kivu	3	0	Killing of Luca Attanasio - Luca Attanasio, the Italian ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was assassinated along with two others by suspected FDLR gunmen while traveling through Virunga National Park.
22 February	Kisima sector, Ituri	10	unknown	ADF attacked a village at 6 p.m. local time killing ten people and setting a house on fire. [43]
23 February	commune of Oicha, Ituri	1(+1)	unknown	ADF attacked the commune of Oicha at 11 p.m. local time killing one but losing one of their own in an FARDC counterattack. [43]
23 February	Mugangu, Ituri	11	unknown	FPIC attacked the village of Mugangu killing 11 and burning 19 homes. [44]
23–24 February	Tchibi Tchibi, K25 Mongali and Kabakaba, Ituri	7	unknown	CODECO lynched four people in retaliation for the murder of a woman and three gold miners working at a quarry called "America" in the town of Kabakaba were shot and killed by CODECO. [45]
25 February	Makeke, North Kivu	3 (+2)	1	Mai-Mai attacked FARDC positions in the village of Makeke the attack was repelled with two militia men being killed and 12 being captured as well and three soldiers being killed and one injured. [46]
25 February	Kolimumu hill, Ituri	3	0	ADF attacked near Kolimumu hill killing three and burning several houses. [47]
26 February	Makisabo, Ituri	3	0	ADF ambushed a Toyota Dyna in the village of Makisabo killing three civilians inside. [48]
28 February	Boyo, North Kivu	16	Unknown	An ADF attack near the town of Boyo killed 16. [49] [50]
28 February	Kitimba, Ituri	2 (+2)	2	ADF attacked the village of Kitimba killing two, injuring two, and burning five houses, two ADF fighters were killed in an army response. [51]
28 February	locality of Bwakadi, Ituri	7	unknown	ADF attacked locality of Bwakadi looting it, burning five homes, and killing seven civilians. [52]
1 March	Babelebe chiefdom, Ituri	3 (+16)	Unknown	The FPIC attacked Kunda, Mwanga, Babunya and Magalabo villages stealing valuable and setting fire to 20 home, the military responded killing 16 militiamen while lossing three soldiers. [53]
2 March	Mambelenga, Ituri territory	14 (+2)	Unknown	ADF attacked a market in the town of Mambelenga killing 14 and leaving two of their own fighters dead. [54] [55]
4 March	Makumo, North Kivu	1	4	ten Mai-Mai Simba soldiers led by war lord Morgan attacked the village of Makumo killing one soldier and wounding four civilians. [56]
8 March	Appende village, Ituri	8	Unknown	An ADF attacked the village of Appende burning 10 homes and killing eight. [57]
8 March	Kasange, Tanganyika Province	4	7	Mayi-Mayi Malaika attacked the town of Kasange looting it then attacked FARDC positions in the town killing four and wounding seven. [58]
10 March	Matombo village	3	Unknown	An ADF attack on the town of Matombo kills three. [54]
13 March	Mutweyi village, Ituri	0	20+	ADF attacked the village of Mutweyi taking at least 20 hostages. [59]
15 March	Bulongo city, North Kivu	17	Unknown	An ADF attack on Bulongo city kills 17. [54] [60]
15 March	Garua, Ituri	5	13	CODECO attacked the village of Garua in retaliation for the murder of a youth by tribal militia the day before. The CODECO attack left five killed and 13 injured and displacing the entire town. [61]
16 March	Ndo Okebu and Mambisa, Ituri	16 (+1)	40	CODECO attacked Ndo Okebu and Mambisa chiefdoms killing 16 and injuring 40. [62]
29 March	Hotel-Bega, Ituri	5	unknown	ADF attacked the village of Hotel-Bega killing five. [63]
20 March	Mayalibo, Ituri	11	unknown	ADF attacked Mayalibo village killing 11 people. [64]
21 March	DII, Ituri	5	14	CODECO launched an assault on the town of DII triggering a battle between FARDC and CODECO, the battle left Five civilian dead and six seriously injured, CODECO also took eight hostages, after the battle was over a riot was started with rioters burning tires and a car belonging to the United Nations. [65]
22 March	Samboko-Chanichani, North kivu	10	Unknown	An ADF attack on Samboko-Chanichani kills 10. [66]
25 March	Kalonge village, Lubero territory	0	20	A Mai-Mai headed by general Kabido abducted 20 people from Kalonge village. [54] [67]
28 March	Kangote barrier, North kivu	2 (+1)	0	Mayi-Mayi militiamen attacked Kangote barrier checkpoint killing a soldier and police officer and losing one of their own in the clash. [68]
29 March	Samboko-Chanichani, North kivu	5	Unknown	Five people were killed with machetes in the town of Samboko-Chanichani by the ADF. [69]
30 March	Molisomambandada, Ituri	4 (+3)	Unknown	ADF attacked the village of Molisomambandada killing four civilians before attacking army positions losing three in the clash with the army. [70]
30–31 March	Moliso, North Kivu	29 (+2)	50	ADF militants attacked the town of Moliso and stormed 2101st Congolese army regiment base, killing 29 civilians and kidnapping 50 others. [71]
31 March	Katimba, Maniema province	unknown	Unknown	A battle between two Mai-Mai militia groups left 200 house burned and valuable looted. [72]
1–2 April	Bahaya grouping, Maniema province	4	Unknown	Four people were killed and 250 houses burned when Mai-Mai Pygmies led by Mundus attacked six villages, [73]
4 April	Kalonge and Katasomwa, South Kivu	2 (+5)	0	Raia Mutomboki militia attacked positions of the army in Kalonge and Katasomwa localities killing two soldiers but losing five of their own in the process. [74]
4 April	Mungwanga, Ituri	0	20	ADF attacked the village of Mungwanga kidnapping 20 people and stealing cassava flour, corn, goats, and chickens. [75]
5 April	Mpati and Kishovu, North Kivu	2 (+1)	1	Nyatura militiamen from the Bazungu and APCLS group attacked positions of the FARDC in Mpati killing one civilians, kidnaping one soldiers, and stealing weapons. APCLS-Nyatura lost one soldier in the attack. In Kishovu, Nyatura Bazungu attacked a police station killing one police officer and stealing two weapons. [76]
6 April	Katsu, Djugu territory	5	Unknown	Five people were killed by CODECO in the village of Katsu. [77]
7 April	Artisanal gold mine, Tanganyika province	0	15	15 miners were kidnapped by eight militiamen armed with seven rifles. [78]
9 April	Makisabo and Kilya, North Kivu	2	1	The ADF attacked the villages of Makisabo and Kilya killed two, injured one more, and set fire to two vehicles. [79]
10 April	Djugu territory	9	20	CODECO militiamen attacked the villages of Jiba, Tsoro, Lopaz and Nyeniza. In Jiba CODECO killed three soldiers and three civilians. In Tsoro CODECO set fire to a vehicle belonging to the NGO MEMISA. In Lopa CODECO killed three civilians, burned three vehicles, and stole two other vehicles. In Nyeniza CODECO took 10 people as hostages. [80] [81]
16 April	Bakwakenge, Kasai Province	13	Unknown	Ethnic violence between the Luba and Kuba ethnic groups in the town of Bakwakenge felt 13 dead and 190 homes burned. [82]
16 April	Bushushu, South Kivu	4	Unknown	A land dispute escalated into conflict leaving four people dead and 22 houses destroyed. [83]
16 April	Fataki, Ituri	3	Unknown	Three people were killed and more than a hundred houses burned when CODECO attacked Fataki. [84]
18 April	Nyakunde center, Ituri	4	Unknown	Three civilians and one soldier were killed when FPIC attack the Nyakunde center capturing the village and setting fire to four cars. [85]
21 April	Lubigi, South Kivu	2	unknown	One civilian and one soldier unidentified armed men attacked gold trading center, the armed men stole large amount of cash and gold. [86]
21 April	Malera, South Kivu	1	unknown	One civilian was killed, seven cows were stolen, and several houses were burned in an attack by Gumino / Twigwaneho militia on the village of Malera.
23 April	Aveyi, Ituri	8	20	Eight people were killed and 20 people taken as people as hostages in an ADF attack on the village of Aveyi. [87]
24 April	Bunia, Ituri	3	unknown	Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in an FPIC attack near Bunia. [88]
25 April	Mantumbi, North Kivu	5	unknown	Five people were killed in an ADF attack on the locality of Mantumbi. [89]
25 April	Shonga, North Kivu	6	unknown	Unknown armed men attacked the village of Shonga killing six. [90]
8 May	Lukaya, North Kivu province	2(+1)	unknown	An ADF attack on an army position in the town of Lukaya left two civilians and one ADF member dead. [91]
9 May	Nyunzu territory, Tanganika province	21	unknown	An ambush on a motorcycle left three people dead in Kanani. A militia attack on the village of Kasoso left 18 people dead. [92]
10 May	Kilia, North Kivu	5	0	An ADF attack on the village of Kilia and the UN base there killing five inducing a UN peacekeeper from Malawi. [93]
11–16 May	Mambasa territory, Ituri	21	52	A series of ADF attacks in Mambasa territory left 21 people dead and 52 people taken hostage. [94]
13 May	Kamango neighborhoods, North Kivu	3(+1)	0	A Congolese soldier killed three members of his family before committing suicide. [95]
18 May	Beni, North Kivu	1	0	Suspected ADF assassinated an imam while he was returning home. [96]
27 May	Beni, North Kivu	26	unknown	Suspected Islamist militants attacked villages in an overnight raid. [97] [98]
27 May	Kasindi, North Kivu	3	0	The ADF attacked truck carrying cocoa, setting it on fire and killing three people. [98]
27 May	North Kivu	5	0	The ADF burned five people alive in their homes. [98]
29 May	Kinyatsi, North Kivu	6	0	The ADF burned six people alive in their house in Kinyatsi. [99]
30–31 May	Boga and Tchabi, Ituri	60+	Many	A massacre committed by an unknown group of militants, likely ADF killed at least 60 people. The militants attacked the town of Boga killing at least 36 people then attacked the town of Tchabi killing at least 24. [100]
4 June	Ntoma-Halungupa road, North kivu	2	0	ADF militants ambushed a motorcycle carrying a soldier and a civilian killing both of them. [101]
8 June	Kinyanjojo and Boga-center, Ituri	8 (+22)	1+	An Unknown armed group attacked Kinyanjojo and Boga-center looting shops and setting fire to General Reference Hospital. The Army managed to push the attackers back inflicting 22 casualties but not after they killed eight civilian. One soldiers was injured and one AK-47 was recovered from the retreating attackers. [102]
24 June	Luhanga, North Kivu	0	25	25 people were taken hostage by the Patriots Front for Peace, a group run by warlord Kabido. [103]
26 June	Tokotoko, Ituri	5	0	Five hostages taken by the ADF were killed in the village of Tokotoko. [104]
27 June	Beni, North Kivu	1	3	A bombing a Malumalu roundabout kills one and injures three. [105]
27 June	Beni, North Kivu	0	2	A bombing targeting a Catholic church injured two and blew out the windows in the church. [105] [106]
2 July	Djugu territory, Ituri	13	unknown	CODECO attacked several villages in Djugu territory killing 13 and setting fire to several homes. [107]
11 July	Thali village, Ituri	3	unknown	CODECO ambushed a group of people killing three and stealing valuables. [108]
12 July	Walese Vonkutu chiefdom, Ituri	18	unknown	The ADF attacked several villages in the chiefdom of Walese Vonkutu killing 18 people. [109]
13 July	Musangwa, North kivu	3	unknown	Three people were killed when Mayi-Mayi fighters attack the village of Musangwa. [110]
14 July	Batumbi, Ituri	1	1	An anti-personal mine laid by the Ituri Patriotic Resistance Force killed a man and injured another. [111]
15 July	Tinda Bridge, Ituri	4	2	Four people were killed and two injured near Tinda Bridge when an unknown group opened fire on a car. [112]
15 July	Beni, North Kivu	2	0	The ADF killed two civil society members in Beni. [113]
15 July	Rujumba village, Ituri	3	0	A FPIC attack on the village of Rujumba killed three people. [114]
16 July	Liva village, North Kivu	4	0	An ADF attack on farmer in the village of Liva killed four. [115]
2 August	Idohu, Ituri province	16		An ADF attack on civilians. Congolese soldiers were present during the massacre but failed to respond to the attack. [11]
27 August	Kalanguta, Beni territory	19		An attack possibly committed by the ADF. Several people were kidnapped. [11]
3 September	Makutano, Ituri province	30		ADF machete attack on a village north of Oicha. [116]
21 November	Drodro refugee camp, Ituri province	44		An ADF massacre against a refugee camp in Ituri. The exact amount of casualties remains unclear. [17] [117]
25 December	In Box restaurant, Beni	7	13	ADF suicide bomb [118]

2022

Date	Location	Fatalities	Description
5 January	Nzenkeka, Beni Takemata, North Kivu	3	An ADF attack on civilians kills three civilians, including one woman. [119]
2 February	Plaine Savo, Djugu territory, Ituri	60+	CODECO militiamen murdered over 60 civilians at an IDP camp in the Plaine Savo massacre.
28 March	Goma, Ituri Province	None	M23 rebels attack Congolese military bases
29 March	Tshanzu, Kivu	8	A helicopter carrying Pakistani, Russian, and Serbian soldiers crashes. Both M23 and Congolese soldiers accuse the other side.
3 April	Masambo, Beni territory	21	An ADF attack on the village kills dozens.
5 April	Djugu territory	1	Unknown militiamen kill one Nepalese UN peacekeeper.
8 May	Ituri province	35	CODECO rebels attack a gold mine.
10 May	Fataki, Ituri province	14	CODECO militants attack people at a refugee camp
30 May	North Kivu	15	Suspected ADF attack.
6 June	Ituri province	12	Suspected CODECO militants attack a village.
26 July	Goma	15	UN peacekeepers fire on civilians protesting the UN's involvement in the Congo.

See also

• 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks
• 2021 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• List of terrorist incidents in 2021
• List of terrorist incidents in 2022

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