21st century in ichnology

The 21st century in ichnology refers to advances made between the years 1900 and 1999 in the scientific study of trace fossils, the preserved record of the behavior and physiological processes of ancient life forms, especially fossil footprints.

2000s

2000

• The ichnofamily Celliformidae was described by Juan Fernando Genise. ^{[1] [2]}
• As part of this family, Genise & Verde described Corimbatichnus , a cluster of fossil bee cells from the Uruguayan Late Cretaceous‐Early Tertiary Asencio Formation. ^[3]

2002

• Epibaion , described by Ivantsov, is a trace fossil imprint of the Ediacaran animals of the phylum Proarticulata, which became extinct in the Precambrian. Imprints often occur in chains, which is interpreted as a feeding trace; some chains terminate in a body fossil, allowing their maker to be identified. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

2006

• In the Czech Republic, Mikuláš et al. described Brutalichnus , ^[7] of which there is evidence of biting and gnawing traces on reptilian and mammalian bones. ^[8]

2008

• Augerinoichnus was found in New Mexico, US., ^[9] unusual in being found in a tidal flat environment. ^[10]

2010s

2013

• Ivantsov described Kimberichnus , an ichnofossil associated with the early bilaterian Kimberella , ^{[11] [12]} known mostly from shallow marine Ediacaran sediments, often occurring in Russia and South Australia, where it is most abundant in the shape of multiple arcuate sets of ridges with fan-shaped arrangements. ^{[12] [13]}

2014

• Anoigmaichnus , an ichnogenus of bioclaustrations, was described by Olev Vinn et al.; it occurs in the Middle Ordovician bryozoans of Osmussaar Island, Estonia. ^[14]

2020s

2020

• 100-million-year-old sweat bee nests, representing the oldest evidence of crown bees reported so far, ( Cellicalichnus ) are described from the Castillo Formation (Argentina) by Genise et al. (2020). ^[15]

See also

• Dinosaurs portal
• Paleontology portal
• History of science portal

• History of paleontology
  • Timeline of paleontology
• Timeline of ichnology
  • 20th century in ichnology

References

1. Genise, Jorge Fernando (November 2000). "The ichnofamily Celliformidae for celliforma and allied ichnogenera". Ichnos . 7 (4). Taylor & Francis: 267–282.
2. Genise, Jorge Fernando (2017). "The Keys I: Celliformidae and Coprinisphaeridae". Ichnoentomology. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 37. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28210-7_5.
3. "Corimbatichnus fernandezi: A cluster of fossil bee cells from the late cretaceous‐early tertiary of Uruguay". Ichnos . 7 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1080/10420940009380150 . Retrieved 17 December 2025.
4. Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E. (2002). "Giant Traces of Vendian Animals" (PDF). Doklady Earth Sciences. 385 (6): 618–622. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-04.
5. Ivantsov, A. Y. (2011). "Feeding traces of Proarticulata — the Vendian metazoa". Paleontological Journal . 45 (3): 237–248. doi:10.1134/S0031030111030063. S2CID   128741869.
6. Andrey Yu. Ivantsov (2013). "Trace Fossils of Precambrian Metazoans "Vendobionta" and "Mollusks"". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation . 21 (3): 252–264. Bibcode:2013SGC....21..252I. doi:10.1134/S0869593813030039. S2CID   128638405.
7. Llc, Books (May 2010). Trace Fossils: Chuckanut Formation, Treptichnus Pedum, Paleodictyon, Trackway, Breviparopus, Skolithos, Hitchcock Ichnological Cabinet. General Books LLC. ISBN   9781155296180.
8. Mikuláš, Radek; Kadlecová, Eva; Fejfar, Oldřich; Dvořák, Zdeněk (2006-09-01). "Three New Ichnogenera of Biting and Gnawing Traces on Reptilian and Mammalian Bones: A Case Study from the Miocene of the Czech Republic". Ichnos . 13 (3): 113–127. Bibcode:2006Ichno..13..113M. doi:10.1080/10420940600850729. ISSN   1042-0940. S2CID   128644469.
9. Minter, Nicholas J.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Lerner, Allan J.; Braddy, Simon J. (November 2008). "Augerinoichnus Helicoidalis, a new helical trace fossil from the nonmarine Permian of New Mexico". Journal of Paleontology . 82 (6): 1201–1206. Bibcode:2008JPal...82.1201M. doi:10.1666/07-129.1. S2CID   129174848.
10. Ortega Hernandez, Javier (March 2009). "Misplaced trace fossils in unlikely environments". Geology Today . 25 (2): 71–74. Bibcode:2009GeolT..25...71H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00710.x. S2CID   129895417.
11. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries. John Wiley & Sons. 18 December 2018. ISBN   978-1-119-38248-5.
12. The Invertebrate Tree of Life. Princeton University Press. 3 March 2020. ISBN   978-0-691-17025-1.
13. Gehling, James G.; Runnegar, Bruce N.; Droser, Mary L. (2014). "Scratch Traces of Large Ediacara Bilaterian Animals" . Journal of Paleontology. 88 (2): 284–298. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..284G. doi:10.1666/13-054. S2CID   140559034.
14. Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A.; Mõtus, M.-A. & Toom, U. (2014). "The earliest bryozoan parasite: Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Osmussaar Island, Estonia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 414: 129–132. Bibcode:2014PPP...414..129V. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.021 . Retrieved 2014-01-09.
15. Jorge Fernando Genise; Eduardo S. Bellosi; Laura C. Sarzetti; J. Marcelo Krause; Pablo A. Dinghi; M. Victoria Sánchez; A. Martín Umazano; Pablo Puerta; Liliana F. Cantil; Brian R. Jicha (2020). "100 Ma sweat bee nests: Early and rapid co-diversification of crown bees and flowering plants". PLOS ONE. 15 (1) e0227789. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527789G. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227789 . PMC   6989152 . PMID   31995815.

External links

• Works related to Ichnology at Wikisource