3642 Frieden

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3642 Frieden
Discovery [1]
Discovered by H. Gessner
Discovery site Sonneberg Obs.
Discovery date4 December 1953
Designations
(3642) Frieden
Named after
 Pax (goddess) [2]
1953 XL1 ·1936 FU
1945 BD ·1950 FK
1959 CB1 ·1959 EB1
1978 GB3 ·1982 BK8
A908 ED
main-belt  ·(middle)
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 81.03 yr (29,595 days)
Aphelion 3.0142 AU
Perihelion 2.5600 AU
2.7871 AU
Eccentricity 0.0815
4.65 yr (1,700 days)
202.73°
0° 12m 42.48s / day
Inclination 13.472°
131.30°
14.702°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 31.899±0.126 km [3]
34.168±0.310 km [4]
35.11±1.1 km [5]
35.12 km (derived) [6]
36.04±0.55 km [7]
14.491±0.003 h [8]
0.046±0.002 [7]
0.0474 (derived) [6]
0.0475±0.003 [5]
0.0602±0.0202 [4]
0.071±0.007 [3]
SMASS = C [1]  · C [6]
10.73±0.50 [9]  ·11.0 [4]  ·11.2 [1] [5] [6] [7]

    3642 Frieden, provisional designation 1953 XL1, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Herta Gessner at Sonneberg Observatory on 4 December 1953. [10] It is named after the goddess of peace, Pax. [2]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Frieden orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.0  AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,700 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body was first identified as "1908 ED" at the U.S Taunton Observatory ( 803 ) in 1908, while its first used observation was made at the Belgian Uccle Observatory 1936, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 17 years prior to its official discovery. [10]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Frieden is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid. [1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Frieden measures between 31.9 and 36.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.046 and 0.071. [3] [4] [5] [7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.047 and a diameter of 35.1 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2. [6] Between 2019 and 2021, 3642 Frieden has been observed to occult four stars.

    Rotation period

    In April 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Frieden was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory ( 716 ), Colorado. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 14.491±0.003 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13±0.02 magnitude ( U=3 ). [8]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the German translation of the goddess Pax in the hope for peace (German : Frieden) around the world. [2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ( M.P.C. 12808). [11]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3642 Frieden (1953 XL1)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 19 June 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3642) Frieden". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3642) Frieden. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 306. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3640. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 . Retrieved 14 September 2016.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 "LCDB Data for (3642) Frieden". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 29 October 2016.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. 1 2 Warner, Brian D. (December 2006). "Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March - June 2006". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 33 (4): 85–88. Bibcode:2006MPBu...33...85W. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 22 August 2016.
    9. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 . Retrieved 29 October 2016.
    10. 1 2 "3642 Frieden (1953 XL1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
    11. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
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