411 BC

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Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
411 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 411 BC
CDX BC
Ab urbe condita 343
Ancient Egypt era XXVII dynasty, 115
- Pharaoh Darius II of Persia, 13
Ancient Greek era 92nd Olympiad, year 2
Assyrian calendar 4340
Balinese saka calendar N/A
Bengali calendar −1003
Berber calendar 540
Buddhist calendar 134
Burmese calendar −1048
Byzantine calendar 5098–5099
Chinese calendar 己巳(Earth  Snake)
2286 or 2226
     to 
庚午年 (Metal  Horse)
2287 or 2227
Coptic calendar −694 – −693
Discordian calendar 756
Ethiopian calendar −418 – −417
Hebrew calendar 3350–3351
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat −354 – −353
 - Shaka Samvat N/A
 - Kali Yuga 2690–2691
Holocene calendar 9590
Iranian calendar 1032 BP – 1031 BP
Islamic calendar 1064 BH – 1063 BH
Javanese calendar N/A
Julian calendar N/A
Korean calendar 1923
Minguo calendar 2322 before ROC
民前2322年
Nanakshahi calendar −1878
Thai solar calendar 132–133
Tibetan calendar 阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
−284 or −665 or −1437
     to 
阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
−283 or −664 or −1436

Year 411 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Mugillanus and Rutilus (or, less frequently, year 343 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 411 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Greece

  • June 9 The democracy of Athens is overthrown by the oligarchic extremists, Antiphon, Theramenes, Peisander and Phrynichus in an effort by the oligarchists to exert more control over the conduct of the war with Sparta and its allies. A "Council of Four Hundred" is set up. The total defeat of the Athenian expedition to Sicily and the consequent revolts of many of the subject-allies has weakened Athenian finances severely; the acknowledged purpose of the revolutionary movement is to revise the constitution to better run Athens' finances. However, its rule is high-handed and the Council of Four Hundred is only able to maintain itself for four months.
  • When a mutiny breaks out amongst the troops who are fortifying Piraeus (the harbour for Athens), the Council sends Theramenes to quell it. Instead, he puts himself at the head of the mutineers. After Phrynichus, the leader of the extremists, is assassinated, an ensuing meeting of the Athenian Assembly deposes the Council and restores the traditional constitution, but restricts some of the privileges of citizenship to a body called the Five Thousand. The Assembly resumes its old form in being a committee of all citizens.
  • The Athenian navy under Thrasybulus recalls Alcibiades from Sardis. Alcibiades' election is confirmed by the Athenians at the request of Theramenes. A Spartan fleet in the Hellespont at Cynossema is then defeated by an Athenian fleet commanded by Thrasybulus and Alcibiades.
  • Antiphon defends himself in a speech Thucydides describes as the greatest ever made by a man on trial for his life. Nevertheless, Antiphon is unable to persuade his accusers and he is executed for treason.

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<i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i>

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Classical Greece Period in Greek politics and culture covering the 5th and 4th centuries BC

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Astyochus or Astyochos was a Spartan navarch who served as commander of the collective Spartan naval forces along the coast of Asia Minor from 412–411 BC. He is regarded by many contemporaries and modern scholars as a key reason for Sparta's early failures in the Ionian War. His expeditions consisting of involvements in Lesbos, Chios, Erythrae and Clazomenae all proved unsuccessful. He also refused requests for help from Chios, causing the Spartan administration to become increasingly dissatisfied with his leadership. Thucydides portrays Astyochus as timid and inept, and also depicts him often in conflict with his peers in Ionia. Toward the end of his role of commander, he exhibited great reluctance to attack the Athenians and also failed to properly pay his troops, leading to riots and violence, and eventually, his removal as commander in 412 BC, to be replaced by the Spartan Mindarus.

Phrynichus was an Athenian general (strategos) during the Peloponnesian War who supported the Athenian coup of 411 BC which briefly replaced the Athenian democracy by an oligarchy.

Peisander was an Athenian who played a prominent part in the Athenian coup of 411 BC, which briefly replaced the Athenian democracy by an oligarchy controlled by a group called the Four Hundred.

References