Births
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| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 612 BC by topic |
| Politics |
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| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 612 BC DCXI BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 142 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXVI dynasty, 53 |
| - Pharaoh | Psamtik I, 53 |
| Ancient Greek era | 42nd Olympiad (victor )¹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 4139 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −1204 |
| Berber calendar | 339 |
| Buddhist calendar | −67 |
| Burmese calendar | −1249 |
| Byzantine calendar | 4897–4898 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 2085 or 2025 — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 2086 or 2026 |
| Coptic calendar | −895 – −894 |
| Discordian calendar | 555 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −619 – −618 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3149–3150 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −555 – −554 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2489–2490 |
| Holocene calendar | 9389 |
| Iranian calendar | 1233 BP – 1232 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1271 BH – 1270 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 1722 |
| Minguo calendar | 2523 before ROC 民前2523年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −2079 |
| Thai solar calendar | −69 – −68 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) −485 or −866 or −1638 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) −484 or −865 or −1637 |
The year 612 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 142 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 612 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located on the outskirts of Mosul in modern-day northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Today it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris and the Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it.
The 7th century BC began the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.
This article concerns the period 619 BC – 610 BC.
The year 682 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 72 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 682 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Nabopolassar (; cuneiform: 𒀭𒀝𒌉𒍑𒌶dAG.IBILA.URU3Akkadian: Nabû-apla-uṣur; c. 658 BC – 605 BC) was a Chaldean king of Babylonia and a central figure in the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The death of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in 631 BC resulted in political instability. In 626 BC, a native dynasty arose under Nabopolassar. He made Babylon his capital and ruled over Babylonia for a period of about twenty years (626–605 BC). He is credited with founding the Neo-Babylonian Empire. By 616 BC, Nabopolassar had united the entire area under his rule.
Ashurbanipal, also spelled Assurbanipal, Asshurbanipal and Asurbanipal, was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Esarhaddon in 668 BC to his own death in 631 BC. The fourth king of the Sargonid dynasty, Ashurbanipal is generally remembered as the last great king of Assyria.
Sinsharishkun or Sin-shar-ishkun was the penultimate king of Assyria, reigning from the death of his brother and predecessor Ashur-etil-ilani in 627 BC to his own death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.
Kandalanu, was a vassal king of Babylonia under the Neo-Assyrian kings Ashurbanipal and Ashur-etil-ilani, ruling from the defeat and death of his predecessor Shamash-shum-ukin in 648 BC to his own death in 627 BC.
The Battle of Nineveh is conventionally dated between 613 and 611 BC, with 612 BC being the most supported date. Rebelling against the Assyrians, an allied army which combined the forces of Medes and the Babylonians, besieged Nineveh and sacked 750 hectares of what was, at that time, the greatest city in the world. The fall of Nineveh led to the destruction of the Neo-Assyrian Empire over the next three years as the dominant state in the Ancient Near East. Archeological records show that the capital of the once mighty Assyrian Empire was extensively de-urbanized and depopulated in the decades and centuries following the battle. A garbled account of the fall of the city later led to the story of a non-existent King Sardanapalus.
The Neo-Babylonian Empire, also known as the Second Babylonian Empire and historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last of the great Mesopotamian empires to be ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia. Beginning with Nabopolassar's coronation as King of Babylon in 626 BC and being firmly established through the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 612 BC, the Neo-Babylonian Empire would be short-lived, being conquered after less than a century by the Persian Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC.
Athura, also called Assyria, was a geographical area within the Achaemenid Empire in Upper Mesopotamia from 539 to 330 BC as a military protectorate state. Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy, Achaemenid royal inscriptions list it as a dahyu, a concept generally interpreted as meaning either a group of people or both a country and its people, without any administrative implication.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up until that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and their troops employed advanced, effective military tactics.
The Fall of Assur occurred when the first city and old capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire fell to Median led forces. The sack of the city that followed destroyed the city to some degree; however it recovered during the Achaemenid Empire and appears to have been a semi or fully independent Assyrian state during the Parthian Empire before being conquered by the Sassanids in the late 3rd century AD. The city remained occupied by Assyrians until the massacres of Tamurlane in the 14th century AD.
The Fall of Harran refers to the siege and capture of the Assyrian city of Harran by the Median and Neo-Babylonian empires.
The Revolt of Babylon in 626 BC refers to the revolt of the general Nabopolassar and his war of independence until he successfully consolidated control of Babylonia in 620 BC, defeating the Neo-Assyrian Empire which had ruled Babylonia for more than a century. The revolt saw the formation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and was one of the key factors contributing to the fall of Assyria; twenty years after the revolt had begun, Napopolassar's army and that of his ally, Cyaxares of the Medes, had destroyed the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Ashur-uballit II, also spelled Assur-uballit II and Ashuruballit II, was the final king of Assyria, ruling from his predecessor Sinsharishkun's death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC to his own defeat at Harran in 609 BC. He was possibly the son of Sinsharishkun and likely the same person as a crown prince mentioned in inscriptions at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 626 and 623 BC.
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC. The dynasty's reign is also called the Saite Period after the city of Sais, where its pharaohs had their capital, and marks the beginning of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.
The Sargonid dynasty was the final ruling dynasty of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, ruling as kings of Assyria for just over a century from the ascent of Sargon II in 722 BC to the fall of Assyria in 609 BC. Although Assyria would ultimately fall during their rule, the Sargonid dynasty ruled the country during the apex of its power and Sargon II's three immediate successors Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal are generally regarded as three of the greatest Assyrian monarchs. Though the dynasty encompasses seven Assyrian kings, two vassal kings in Babylonia and numerous princes and princesses, the term "Sargonids" is sometimes used solely for Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal.
The Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Neo-Assyrian Empire between 626 and 609 BC. The multiple failed offensives against the Medes and the Neo-Babylonian Empire ultimately led to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire, which had dominated the ancient Near East since 911 BC.
After the death of Assurbanipal in 631 BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire entered a period of instability caused by the revolt of Sin-shar-ishkun against his brother Ashur-etil-ilani. This was the moment when the Babylonian ruler, Nabopolassar, led a revolt against Assyrian rule. After a few years of war, the Babylonians expelled the Assyrian forces from their territory.
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