9936 Al-Biruni

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9936 Al-Biruni
AnimatedOrbitOf9936AlBiruni.gif
Orbit of Al-Biruni (blue) compared to the inner planets and Jupiter (outermost)
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by E. W. Elst
V. Ivanova
Discovery site Rozhen Obs.
Discovery date8 August 1986
Designations
(9936) Al-Biruni
Pronunciation /ælbɪˈruːni/ [2]
Named after
 البيروني al-Bīrūnī
(Persian astronomer) [3]
1986 PN4 ·1981 UV12
main-belt  ·(outer) [4]
Orbital characteristics   [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 35.62 yr (13,009 days)
Aphelion 3.6534 AU
Perihelion 2.5107 AU
3.0820 AU
Eccentricity 0.1854
5.41 yr (1,976 days)
279.59°
0° 10m 55.92s / day
Inclination 15.404°
310.41°
13.774°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions22.16 km (calculated) [4]
23.890±0.170 [5]
24.187±0.314 km [6]
27.81±1.61 km [7]
10.704±0.010 h [8]
0.048±0.006 [7]
0.057 (assumed) [4]
0.0632±0.0151 [6]
0.065±0.012 [5]
C   [4]
12.1 [1]  ·11.7 [6] [7]  ·12.0 [4]

    9936 Al-Biruni, provisional designation 1986 PN4, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1986, by Belgian and Bulgarian astronomers Eric Elst and Violeta Ivanova at the Rozhen Observatory, located in Bulgaria's Smolyan province near the border to Greece. [9] It was named for Persian medieval scholar Al-Biruni. [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Al-Biruni orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.7  AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,976 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] It was first identified as 1981 UV12 at Crimea-Nauchnij in 1981, extending the body's observation arc by 5 years prior to its official discovery at Rozhen. [9]

    Lightcurve

    A rotational lightcurve of Al-Biruni was obtained from photometric observations made at the U.S. Goodsell Observatory ( 741 ), Minnesota, in August 2002. The lightcurve gave a rotation period of 10.704±0.010 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 in magnitude ( U=2 ) [8]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Al-Biruni measures between 23.9 and 27.8 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has a corresponding albedo of 0.048 to 0.065. [5] [6] [7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 22.2 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.0. [4]

    Naming

    The minor planet was named after the Persian scholar and polymath Al-Biruni (973–1048). Regarded as the founder of Indology and the father of geodesy, he made important contributions to anthropology, mathematics and astronomy. In particular, he is known for developing a method for the summation of series, for solving algebraic equations, and for the triangulation of distances on Earth's surface. [3] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 September 2007 ( M.P.C. 60728). [10] The lunar crater Al-Biruni is also named in his honour.

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    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9936 Al-Biruni (1986 PN4)" (2017-06-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 22 June 2017.
    2. ↑ The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography (1973)
    3. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (9936) Al-Biruni. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 712. ISBN   978-3-540-29925-7 . Retrieved 13 May 2016.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (9936) Al-Biruni". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 13 May 2016.
    5. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv: 1109.4096 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. S2CID   118745497 . Retrieved 4 December 2016.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID   118700974 . Retrieved 13 May 2016.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. 1 2 Clark, Maurice; Joyce, Brian (December 2002). "Asteroid lightcurve photometry from Goodsell Observatory (741)". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 30 (1): 4–7. Bibcode:2003MPBu...30....4C. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 18 December 2015.
    9. 1 2 "9936 Al-Biruni (1986 PN4)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
    10. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
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