ARM Neoverse

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The ARM Neoverse is a group of 64-bit ARM processor cores licensed by Arm Holdings. The cores are intended for datacenter, edge computing, and high-performance computing use. The group consists of ARM Neoverse V-Series, ARM Neoverse N-Series, and ARM Neoverse E-Series. [1] [2]

Contents

Neoverse V-Series

The Neoverse V-Series processors are intended for high-performance computing.

Neoverse V1

Neoverse V1 (code named Zeus [3] ) is derived from the Cortex-X1 [4] and implements the ARMv8.4-A instruction set and some part of ARMv8.6-A. [5] It was officially announced by Arm on September 22, 2020. [6] It is said to be initially realized with a 7 nm process from TSMC. One of the changes from the X1 is that it supports SVE 2x256-bit.

According to The Next Platform, the AWS Graviton3 is based on the Neoverse V1. [7] [8]

Neoverse V2

Neoverse V2 (code named Demeter) is derived from the ARM Cortex-X3 and implements the ARMv9.0-A instruction set. It was officially announced by Arm on September 14, 2022. [9] [10] NVIDIA Grace, [11] AWS Graviton4 [12] and Google Axion [13] are based on the Neoverse V2.

Notable changes from the Neoverse V1: [14]

Neoverse V3

Neoverse V3 (code named Poseidon) was teased by Arm alongside the V2 and E2 announcements. [15] It is targeted for systems including DDR5, PCIe gen6, and CXL 3.0. The codename Poseidon was first used for the generation succeeding Zeus, now V1, and targeted for 2021 on a 5nm node. [16]

Neoverse N-Series

The Neoverse N-Series processors are intended for core datacenter usage.

Neoverse N1

On February 20, 2019, Arm announced the Neoverse N1 microarchitecture (code named Ares) derived from the Cortex-A76 redesigned for infrastructure/server applications. The reference design supports up to 64 or 128 Neoverse N1 cores. [17] [18]

Notable changes from the Cortex-A76:

Neoverse N1 implements the ARMv8.2-A instruction set.

The Ampere Altra (2-socket 80-core) and AWS Graviton2 (64-core) CPU platforms are based on Neoverse N1 cores and were released in 2020. [19]

Neoverse N2

The Neoverse N2 (code named Perseus) is derived from the Cortex-A710 and implements the ARMv9.0-A instruction set. [19] It was officially announced by Arm on September 22, 2020. [6] On August 28, 2023, Arm announced the Neoverse CSS N2 (Genesis), a customizable CPU subsystem implementation by Arm to reduce the time to market for customers. [20] [21] [22] [23] Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 128 Core CPU and Alibaba Yitian 710 use Neoverse N2. [24] [25]

Notable changes from the Neoverse N1: [26] [27]

Neoverse N-Next

Neoverse N-Next, presumably N3, was teased by Arm alongside the V2 and E2 announcements. [15] It is targeted for systems including DDR5, PCIe gen6, and CXL 3.0.

Neoverse E-Series

The Neoverse E-Series processors are intended for edge computing. They are designed for increased data throughput at decreased power consumption.

Neoverse E1

Neoverse E1 is derived from the Cortex-A65AE [28] and implements the ARMv8.2-A instruction set. It support SMT.

Neoverse E2

Neoverse E2 is derived from the Cortex-A510 [15] and implements the ARMv9-A instruction set.

Neoverse E-Next

Neoverse E-Next, presumably E3, was teased by Arm alongside the V2 and E2 announcements. [15] It is targeted for systems including DDR5, PCIe gen6, and CXL 3.0.

Matrix multiplication theoretical performance

ops/cycle per core
INT8 BF16 FP32 FP64
Neoverse N1 [29] 6432168
Neoverse N2 [29] 12864168
Neoverse V1 [29] 2561283216
Intel 3rd Gen Xeon SP [30] 256—6432
Intel 4th Gen Xeon SP [30] 204810246432

Successors

With code name Poseidon a successor for Neoverse V1 (aka Zeus) [31] was first publicly mentioned on TechCon 2018. Actual introduction (used by third party chip designers in their products) was given in form of a rough target date of 2021. Its initial realization process is said to be 5 nm by TSMC.

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References

  1. ↑ "Arm Neoverse".
  2. ↑ "Arm Puts Some Muscle Into Future Neoverse Server CPU Designs". 27 April 2021.
  3. ↑ "Neoverse V1 - Microarchitectures - ARM - WikiChip".
  4. ↑ "Arm Announces Neoverse V1, N2 Platforms & CPUs, CMN-700 Mesh: More Performance, More Cores, More Flexibility".
  5. ↑ "Neoverse V1" . Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  6. 1 2 "Accelerating the next generation cloud-to-edge infrastructure" . Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  7. ↑ "Inside Amazon's Graviton3 Arm Server Processor". 4 January 2022.
  8. ↑ "Graviton 3: First Impressions". Chips and Cheese. 2022-05-29. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  9. ↑ "Redefining the global computing infrastructure with next-generation Arm Neoverse platforms".
  10. ↑ "Neoverse V2". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  11. ↑ "NVIDIA Grace CPU and Arm Architecture". NVIDIA. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  12. ↑ "Join the preview for new memory-optimized, AWS Graviton4-powered Amazon EC2 instances (R8g)". AWS. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  13. ↑ "Introducing Google's new Arm-based CPU". Google Cloud Blog. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  14. ↑ "Hot Chips 2023: Arm's Neoverse V2". Chips and Cheese. 2023-09-11. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Arm Announces Neoverse V2 and E2: The Next Generation of Arm Server CPU Cores".
  16. ↑ Kennedy, Patrick (2018-10-16). "Arm Neoverse Brand Launched for Infrastructure Servers to Edge". ServeTheHome. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  17. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Neoverse N1 & E1 Platforms & CPUs: Enabling A Huge Jump In Infrastructure Performance". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  18. ↑ "Arm Launches New Neoverse N1 and E1 Server Cores". WikiChip Fuse. 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  19. 1 2 Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Neoverse V1, N2 Platforms & CPUs, CMN-700 Mesh: More Performance, More Cores, More Flexibility". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  20. ↑ "Neoverse CSS Fastest Path to Production Silicon - Infrastructure Solutions blog - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community". community.arm.com. 2023-08-28. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  21. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "Neoverse Compute Subsystems". Arm | The Architecture for the Digital World. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  22. ↑ "Arm at HC35 (2023): CSS-Genesis". Chips and Cheese. 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  23. ↑ Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2023-08-31). "Arm Gets Closer To Creating Full-Blown Server CPU Designs - The Next Platform". www.nextplatform.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  24. ↑ Lee, John (16 November 2023). "Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 128 Core Arm Neoverse N2 CPU Launched". ServeTheHome. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024.
  25. ↑ Yang, Willen (18 June 2024). "Accelerated LLM inference on Arm Neoverse N2". Arm Community Blogs. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024.
  26. ↑ "ARM's Neoverse N2: Cortex A710 for Servers". Chips and Cheese. 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  27. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Neoverse V1, N2 Platforms & CPUs, CMN-700 Mesh: More Performance, More Cores, More Flexibility". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  28. ↑ "Arm Announces Neoverse N1 & E1 Platforms & CPUs: Enabling a Huge Jump in Infrastructure Performance".
  29. 1 2 3 "Arm Announces Neoverse V1, N2 Platforms & CPUs, CMN-700 Mesh: More Performance, More Cores, More Flexibility" . Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  30. 1 2 "Accelerate Artificial Intelligence (AI) Workloads with Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel AMX)" (PDF). Intel. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  31. ↑ "Poseidon - Microarchitectures - ARM - WikiChip".
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