Acacia stenophylla

Last updated

Acacia stenophylla
Acacia-stenophylla-flowers.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Acacia
Species:
A. stenophylla
Binomial name
Acacia stenophylla
A.Cunn. ex Benth.
Acacia stenophyllaDistMap851.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms

Acacia stenophylla is a species of Acacia [2] commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia. It is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. [3]

Contents

Description

Acacia stenophylla varies in characteristic and size, from a rounded, multi stemmed shrub to a spreading tree. [4] A. stenophylla grows from 4–20 m (13–66 ft) tall, [4] often stemming into branches at the trunk from about 1 m (3.3 ft). [5] Bark is dark-grey to blackish and rough, branchlets are smooth to sericeous and sometimes angular. [4]

The phyllodes are strap-like, 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) wide, straight to slightly curved, slightly rough, free from hair or very finely puberulous, acute to acuminate, apex is often strongly curved. [4] Veins are copious and closely parallel. [6]

Racemes are 3–5-headed, stems 2–15 mm (0.079–0.591 in) long and are slightly rough or with appressed minute hairs. [4] Peduncles are 6–13 mm (0.24–0.51 in) long. [4] Flower heads are creamy-white to pale yellow in colour, spherical and 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) in diameter. [4] Flowers are 5-merous, sepals three-quarters united. [4]

Pods are moniliform, up to 26 cm (10 in) long, 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide, woody-leathery textured, smooth except micro-puberulous between seeds. [4] Seeds are longitudinal, elliptic, 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long, dark brown, lacking aril, funicle enlarged, are folded at the seed apex. [4] Flowering time is often irregular, although mainly occurring in autumn. [4]

Acacia stenophylla is highly salt tolerant and moderately frost and drought tolerant. [7] The average minimum annual rainfall that the tree needs is around 400 mm (16 in) per year. [8]

Distribution

Acacia stenophylla is predominantly distributed in central and eastern Australia. [2] It is also found infrequently in arid regions of Western Australia and towards the southern end of the western coast, although very rarely. [2]

A. stenophylla is found from the Murray River in South Australia and Victoria to western New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, with a small population also occurring in Western Australia. [2]

Latitude - Main occurrence: 23–33°S [2]

Range: 17–36°S [2]

Altitude - Main occurrence: 50–325 m [2]

Range: near sea level to 625 m [2]

Ecology

Climate

Acacia stenophylla is most commonly found in a warm arid climatic zone. [2] Acacia stenophylla tends to grow to a larger size in semi-arid climates which exist in New South Wales and Queensland. [2] The species also expands into the sub-humid zone in Queensland. [2]

Disregarding the species far southern distribution, the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month is 35–38 °C and the mean minimum of the coolest month 4–7 °C. [2] There are, on average, about 110–130 days per year over 32 °C and 15–50 days over 38 °C. [7]

Acacia stenophylla is subject to experiencing 1–20 heavy frosts per year, on average. [2] The species withstands a variable range of rainfall frequency. [2] Rainfall is often amplified by groundwater or periodic flooding. [7]

Physiography and soils

Acacia stenophylla is common throughout the Interior Lowlands physiographic division. [2] It is often present on plains and gentle slopes and is common on the banks of watercourses, river flood plains, and depressions. [2] The soils are predominantly fine-textured alluvials, red sandy clay and grey cracking clays. [2] Soils often have a high pH and may be more saline in the lower horizons. [2]

Vegetation type

Acacia stenophylla occurs in ribbon-like stands along watercourses, often as a part of eucalyptus dominated open-forest, woodland or low woodland. [2] The species can be present in the understorey, often with Acacia salicina and Acacia pendula. [2] It can also occur alongside Eucalyptus populnea and Casuarina cristata , but commonly grows independently alongside watercourses in semi-arid areas. [9]

Utilisation and uses

Acacia stenophylla is rarely utilised by cattle, [10] but it is palatable to sheep. [11] Seeds and pods of Acacia stenophylla were roasted and used by Indigenous Australians as a food source. [12]

The plant is said to contain medicinal alkaloids. [13]

Acacia stenophylla is widely planted as a drought tolerant and decumbent ornamental tree. [2] It is cultivated by plant nurseries, and used in modernist gardens and in public landscapes in the Southwestern United States and California.[ citation needed ]

Reproduction and dispersal

Acacia stenophylla normally flowers from March to August, [14] although it can flower irregularly throughout the year. [6] [15] Seed pods turn woody as they mature from October to December and produce approximately 6–12 viable seeds/g. [7]

Acacia stenophylla seeds germinate prolifically. [16] Proceeding major floods, seedlings can often be present along the flood-line, but only a very small proportion of these persist. [10]

Taxonomy

Acacia stenophylla belongs to the Genus Acacia , comprising 1200 species worldwide. [3] 900 of these species are endemic to Australia. [3]

Common names

Common names used in Australia include Balkura, Belalie, Black Wattle, Dalby Myall, Dalby Wattle, Dunthy, Eumong, Gooralee, Gurley, Ironwood, Munumula, Native Willow, River Cooba, River Cooba, and River Myall. [1]

Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from the Greek stenos (narrow) and phyllon (leaf) to give “with narrow leaves”. [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, commonly known as the river red gum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to Australia. It is a tree with smooth white or cream-coloured bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and hemispherical fruit with the valves extending beyond the rim. A familiar and iconic tree, it is seen along many watercourses across inland Australia, providing shade in the extreme temperatures of central Australia.

<i>Acacia pycnantha</i> Golden wattle of southeastern Australia

Acacia pycnantha, most commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae. It grows to a height of 8 metres and has phyllodes instead of true leaves. The profuse fragrant, golden flowers appear in late winter and spring, followed by long seed pods. Explorer Thomas Mitchell collected the type specimen, from which George Bentham wrote the species description in 1842. The species is native to southeastern Australia as an understorey plant in eucalyptus forest. Plants are cross-pollinated by several species of honeyeater and thornbill, which visit nectaries on the phyllodes and brush against flowers, transferring pollen between them.

<i>Acacia cyclops</i> Species of plant

Acacia cyclops, commonly known as coastal wattle, cyclops wattle, one-eyed wattle, red-eyed wattle, redwreath acacia, western coastal wattle, rooikrans, rooikrans acacia, is a coastal shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae. Native to Australia, it is distributed along the west coast of Western Australia as far north as Leeman, and along the south coast into South Australia. The Noongar peoples of Western Australia know the plant as wilyawa or woolya wah.

<i>Acacia craspedocarpa</i> Species of legume

Acacia craspedocarpa, commonly known as hop mulga or the broad-leaved mulga, is a shrub or tree in the family Fabaceae native to central parts of western Australia.

<i>Acacia inaequilatera</i> Species of legume

Acacia inaequilatera, commonly known as kanji bush, baderi, camel bush, fire wattle, kanyji bush or ranji bush is a tree in the family Mimosaceae. Endemic to Australia, it is widely distributed in the semi-arid Triodia country eastwards from Karratha, Western Australia into the Northern Territory.

<i>Acacia tetragonophylla</i> Species of plant

Acacia tetragonophylla, commonly known as curara, kurara or dead finish, is a tree in the family Fabaceae that is endemic to arid and semi-arid parts of central and western Australia.

<i>Acacia pruinocarpa</i> Species of plant

Acacia pruinocarpa, commonly known as black gidgee, gidgee or tawu, is a tree in the family Fabaceae that is endemic to arid parts of Australia.

<i>Acacia papyrocarpa</i> Species of plant

Acacia papyrocarpa, commonly known as western myall, is a tree in the family Fabaceae native to arid areas of central and western Australia.

<i>Acacia maidenii</i> Species of legume

Acacia maidenii, also known as Maiden's wattle, is a tree native to Australia. It has been introduced into India, and Argentina, and it grows on plantations in South Africa.

<i>Acacia parramattensis</i> Species of legume

Acacia parramattensis, commonly known as Parramatta wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to the Blue Mountains and surrounding regions of New South Wales. It is a tall shrub or tree to about 15 m (49 ft) in height with phyllodes instead of true leaves. These are finely divided bipinnate. The yellow flowers appear over summer. It generally grows in woodland or dry sclerophyll forest on alluvial or shale-based soils, generally with some clay content.

<i>Acacia salicina</i> Species of plant

Acacia salicina is a thornless species of Acacia tree native to Australia.

<i>Acacia complanata</i> Species of legume

Acacia complanata, known as long-pod wattle and flat-stemmed wattle, is a perennial tree native to eastern Australia.

<i>Acacia pendula</i> Species of legume

Acacia pendula, commonly known as the weeping myall, true myall, myall, silver-leaf boree, boree, and nilyah, is a species of wattle, which is native to Australia. The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that common names included "Weeping Myall", "True Myall", and Indigenous people of western areas of New South Wales and Queensland referred to the plant as "Boree" and "Balaar".

<i>Acacia elachantha</i> Species of plant

Acacia elachantha is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae. It is native to arid parts of central and northern Australia.

<i>Acacia stipuligera</i> Species of legume

Acacia stipuligera is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae. It is native to arid and tropical parts of northern Australia.

<i>Acacia trachycarpa</i> Species of legume

Acacia trachycarpa, commonly known as minni ritchi, curly-bark tree, sweet-scented minni ritchi or Pilbara minni ritchi, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to arid and semi-arid areas of Western Australia.

<i>Acacia microbotrya</i> Species of legume

Acacia microbotrya, commonly known as manna wattle or gum wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is native to Western Australia.

<i>Acacia pataczekii</i> Species of plant

Acacia pataczekii is a rare leguminous species of flowering plant endemic to Tasmania, Australia. An attractive evergreen shrub to small tree grown ornamentally outside of its native range, it is believed to be the most frost hardy of all the Acacia.

<i>Acacia calcicola</i> Species of plant

Acacia calcicola is a shrub or tree of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is native to parts of central Australia. Common names for this species include; shrubby wattle, shrubby mulga, myall-gidgee, northern myall and grey myall. Indigenous Australians the Pitjantjatjara peoples know the tree as ikatuka, the Warlpiri know it as jirlarti and the Arrernte know it as irrakwetye.

<i>Acacia doratoxylon</i> Species of plant

Acacia doratoxylon, commonly known as currawang, lancewood, spearwood or coast myall, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to eastern and south eastern Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 ILDIS LegumeWeb
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Cole, Trevor J. (1981). Planting trees and shrubs. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.59091. ISBN   0-662-10286-X.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Acacia stenophylla". www.anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Flora of Victoria". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  5. ↑ "Factsheet - stenophylla". worldwidewattle.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  6. 1 2 Schmid, Rudolf; Walsh, N.G.; Entwisle, T.J. (May 2000). "Flora of Victoria. Vol. 4. Dicotyledons: Cornaceae to Asteraceae". Taxon. 49 (2): 344. doi:10.2307/1223869. ISSN   0040-0262. JSTOR   1223869.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Marcar, N.; Crawford, D.; Leppert, P.; Jovanovic, T.; Floyd, R.; Farrow, R. (1995). Trees for Saltland. doi:10.1071/9780643101425. ISBN   978-0-643-10142-5.
  8. ↑ Skeen, Max (May 2009). "Dryland Area Species". Archived from the original on 2006-08-23.
  9. ↑ Pedley, L (1992). "Corrigenda — A further note on Acacia aneura (Mimosoideae : Leguminosae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 5 (6): 767. doi: 10.1071/sb9920767c . ISSN   1030-1887.
  10. 1 2 Cunningham, G.M.; Mulham, W.E.; Milthorpe, P.L.; Leigh, J.H. (2011). Plants of Western New South Wales. doi:10.1071/9780643104273. ISBN   9780643104273.
  11. ↑ Manifold, C. B. (April 1948). "The Use and Misuse of Shrubs and Trees as Fodder". Geographical Review. 38 (2): 342. doi:10.2307/210871. ISSN   0016-7428. JSTOR   210871.
  12. ↑ Cribb, Philip; Winterringer, G.S.; Sheviak, C.J. (1976). "Wild Orchids of Illinois". Kew Bulletin. 31 (1): 200. doi:10.2307/4109021. ISSN   0075-5974. JSTOR   4109021.
  13. ↑ "Lycaeum". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  14. ↑ Schmid, Rudolf; Harden, Gwen J. (August 1992). "Flora of New South Wales". Taxon. 41 (3): 627. doi:10.2307/1222862. ISSN   0040-0262. JSTOR   1222862.
  15. ↑ Schomburgk, Richard (1878). Catalogue of the plants under cultivation in the Government Botanic Garden, Adelaide, South Australia. Adelaide: W.C. Cox. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.54333.
  16. ↑ "Lithgow, David Cunningham", Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Oxford University Press, 2011-10-31, doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00110463
  17. ↑ Australia, Atlas of Living. "Species: Acacia stenophylla". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  18. ↑ "Plantillustrations.org Epithet: stenophyllus,-a,-um". Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.