Acacia stenophylla | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
Genus: | Acacia |
Species: | A. stenophylla |
Binomial name | |
Acacia stenophylla A.Cunn. ex Benth. | |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms | |
Acacia stenophylla, commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia, is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae and native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. [2]
Acacia stenophylla varies in characteristic and size from a rounded, multi-stemmed shrub to a spreading tree. [3] A. stenophylla grows from 4–20 m (13–66 ft) tall, [3] often stemming into branches at the trunk from about 1 m (3.3 ft). [4] Bark is dark-grey to blackish and rough, branchlets are smooth to sericeous and sometimes angular. [3]
The phyllodes are strap-like, 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide, straight to slightly curved, slightly rough, free from hair or very finely puberulous, acute to acuminate, apex is often strongly curved. [3] Veins are copious and closely parallel. [5]
The racemes are 3– to 5-headed, with stems 2–15 mm (0.08–0.6 in) long, which are slightly rough or with appressed minute hairs. [3] The peduncles are 6–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long. [3] The flower heads are creamy-white to pale yellow in colour, spherical and 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter. [3] Flowers are pentamerous, with sepals three-quarters united. [3]
The pods are moniliform, up to 26 cm (10 in) long, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide, woody-leathery textured, smooth except micro-puberulous between seeds. [3] The seeds are longitudinal, elliptic, 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, dark brown, lacking an aril, funicle enlarged, are folded at the seed apex. [3] Flowering time is often irregular, although mainly occurring in autumn. [3]
A. stenophylla is highly salt tolerant and moderately frost and drought tolerant. [6] The average minimum annual rainfall that the tree needs is around 400 mm (16 in) per year. [7]
Acacia stenophylla normally flowers from March to August, [8] although it can flower irregularly throughout the year. [5] [9] Seed pods turn woody as they mature from October to December and produce approximately 6–12 viable seeds/g. [6]
A. stenophylla seeds germinate prolifically. [10] After major floods, seedlings can often be present along the flood-line, but only a very small proportion of these persist. [11]
Acacia stenophylla belongs to the genus Acacia , comprising 1200 species worldwide. [2] 900 of these species are endemic to Australia. [2]
Common names used in Australia include Balkura, Belalie, black wattle, Dalby myall, Dalby wattle, Dunthy, Eumong, Gooralee, Gurley, ironwood, Munumula, native willow, river cooba, and river myall. [1]
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek stenos (narrow) and phyllon (leaf), meaning 'with narrow leaves'. [12]
Acacia stenophylla is predominantly distributed in central and eastern Australia. [13]
A. stenophylla is found from the Murray River in South Australia and Victoria through western New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland, with a small population also occurring in Western Australia. [13]
It mainly occurs from latitude 23° to 33° S [13] with a range from 17° to 36°S. [13] In altitude, it mainly occurs between 50 and 325 m [13] ASL with a range from near sea level to 625 m. [13]
Acacia stenophylla is most commonly found in a warm arid climatic zone. [13] A. stenophylla tends to grow to a larger size in semiarid climates, which exist in New South Wales and Queensland. [13] The species also expands into the sub-humid zone in Queensland. [13]
Disregarding the species' far southern distribution, the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month is 35–38 °C and the mean minimum of the coolest month 4–7 °C. [13] There are, on average, about 110–130 days per year over 32 °C and 15–50 days over 38 °C. [6]
A. stenophylla is subject to 1–20 heavy frosts per year, [13] and withstands a variable rainfall frequency. [13] Rainfall is often augmented by groundwater or periodic flooding. [6]
Acacia stenophylla is common throughout the Interior Lowlands physiographic division. [13] It is often present on plains and gentle slopes and is common on the banks of watercourses, river flood plains, and depressions. [13] The soils are predominantly fine-textured alluvials, red sandy clay and grey cracking clays. [13] Soils often have a high pH and may be more saline in the lower horizons. [13]
Acacia stenophylla occurs in ribbon-like stands along watercourses, often as a part of eucalyptus dominated open-forest, woodland or low woodland. [13] The species can be present in the understorey, often with Acacia salicina and Acacia pendula. [13] It can also occur alongside Eucalyptus populnea and Casuarina cristata , but commonly grows independently alongside watercourses in semiarid areas. [14]
Acacia stenophylla is rarely utilised by cattle, [11] but it is palatable to sheep. [15] Seeds and pods of A. stenophylla were roasted and used by Indigenous Australians as a food source. [16]
The plant is said to contain medicinal alkaloids. [17]
A. stenophylla is widely planted as a drought tolerant and decumbent ornamental tree. [13] It is cultivated by plant nurseries, and used in modernist gardens and in public landscapes in the Southwestern United States and California.[ citation needed ]
Acacia aneura, commonly known as mulga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland Australia. It is a variable shrub or small tree with flat, narrowly linear to elliptic phyllodes, cylindrical spikes of bright yellow flowers and more or less flat and straight, leathery pods.
Acacia cultriformis, known as the knife-leaf wattle, dogtooth wattle, half-moon wattle or golden-glow wattle, is a perennial tree or shrub of the genus Acacia native to Australia. It is widely cultivated, and has been found to have naturalised in Asia, Africa, North America, New Zealand and South America. A. cultriformis grows to a height of about 4 m (13 ft) and has triangle-shaped phyllodes. The yellow flowers appear from August to November in its natural range. Its attractive foliage and bright flowers make it a popular garden plant.
Acacia pycnantha, most commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae. It grows to a height of 8 metres and has phyllodes instead of true leaves. The profuse fragrant, golden flowers appear in late winter and spring, followed by long seed pods. Explorer Thomas Mitchell collected the type specimen, from which George Bentham wrote the species description in 1842. The species is native to southeastern Australia as an understorey plant in eucalyptus forest. Plants are cross-pollinated by several species of honeyeater and thornbill, which visit nectaries on the phyllodes and brush against flowers, transferring pollen between them.
Acacia craspedocarpa, commonly known as hop mulga or the broad-leaved mulga, is a shrub or tree in the family Fabaceae native to central parts of western Australia.
Acacia papyrocarpa, commonly known as western myall, is a tree in the family Fabaceae native to arid areas of central and western Australia.
Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about 1,084 species of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Australasia, but is now reserved for species mainly from Australia, with others from New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. The genus name is Neo-Latin, borrowed from the Greek ἀκακία, a term used in antiquity to describe a preparation extracted from Vachellia nilotica, the original type species.
Acacia parramattensis, commonly known as Parramatta wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to the Blue Mountains and surrounding regions of New South Wales. It is a tall shrub or tree to about 15 m (49 ft) in height with phyllodes instead of true leaves. These are finely divided bipinnate. The yellow flowers appear over summer. It generally grows in woodland or dry sclerophyll forest on alluvial or shale-based soils, generally with some clay content.
Acacia complanata, known as long-pod wattle and flat-stemmed wattle, is a perennial tree native to eastern Australia.
Acacia fimbriata, commonly known as the fringed wattle, Brisbane golden wattle, or just the Brisbane wattle, is a species of Acacia that is native to much of the east coast of Australia. It is one of the floral emblems of the city of Brisbane, Queensland.
Acacia pendula, commonly known as the weeping myall, true myall, myall, silver-leaf boree, boree, and nilyah, is a species of wattle, which is native to Australia. The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that common names included "Weeping Myall", "True Myall", and Indigenous people of western areas of New South Wales and Queensland referred to the plant as "Boree" and "Balaar".
Acacia lineataA.Cunn. ex G.Don, commonly known as streaked wattle or narrow lined-leaved wattle, occurs naturally inland eastern Australia. The genus Acacia is the largest genus of flowering plants in Australia, containing around 1000 species throughout a diverse range of environments from coast to desert.
Acacia homalophylla is a small tree found in the eastern half of Australia, where it is known as the yarran. It has also been introduced into India and Pakistan.
Acacia elachantha is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae. It is native to arid parts of central and northern Australia.
Acacia jibberdingensis, also known as Jibberding wattle or willow-leafed wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is endemic to Western Australia.
Acacia dictyophleba, also known as the sandhill wattle, waxy wattle, feather veined wattle, and spear tree, is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae, found in Australia. The Nyangumarta peoples know the plant as Langkur or Lungkun; the Thalanyji know it as Jabandi; and the Pintupi know it as mulyati.
Acacia microbotrya, commonly known as manna wattle or gum wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is native to Western Australia.
Acacia pataczekii, commonly known as Pataczek's wattle or Wally's wattle, is a rare leguminous species of flowering plant endemic to Tasmania, Australia. An attractive evergreen shrub to small tree grown ornamentally outside of its native range, it is believed to be the most frost hardy of all the Acacia.
Acacia calcicola is a shrub or tree of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is native to parts of central Australia. Common names for this species include; shrubby wattle, shrubby mulga, myall-gidgee, northern myall and grey myall. Indigenous Australians the Pitjantjatjara peoples know the tree as ikatuka, the Warlpiri know it as jirlarti and the Arrernte know it as irrakwetye.
Acacia rubida, commonly known as red stem wattle, red stemmed wattle or red leaved wattle, is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is native to parts of eastern Australia.
Acacia doratoxylon, commonly known as currawang, lancewood, spearwood or coast myall, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to eastern and south eastern Australia.