Academic grading |
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Oceania |
Academic grading systems in Australia include:
Australian universities issue results for each subject, based on the following gradings:
% | ACU, [1] ACS, [2] Adelaide, [3] Bond, Canberra, [4] CDU, [5] CQU, [6] CSU, UDivinity, Flinders, [7] JCU, [8] MQ, [9] Newcastle, [10] QUT, [11] SCU, UNE, UNSW, [12] USYD, [13] [14] Torrens, [15] UOW, [16] USC, [17] USQ (from semester 1, 2022), [18] UTS, [19] WSU, [20] ACAP, [21] AIM [22] | UniSA [23] | USQ [24] (prior to semester 1, 2022) | Griffith, UQ identify specific grades in some courses [25] [26] | ANU, [27] Curtin, [28] Deakin, [29] ECU, [30] Monash, [31] Murdoch, [32] RMIT, [33] UTAS, [34] Swinburne, [35] UWA, [36] VU [37] UNDA [38] [39] | FedUni [40] | La Trobe [41] | Melbourne [42] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | High Distinction (HD) | High Distinction (HD) | High Distinction (HD) | 7 | High Distinction (HD) | High Distinction (HD) | A | First Class Honours (H1) |
95–99 | ||||||||
90–94 | ||||||||
85–89 | ||||||||
80–84 | Distinction (D) | Distinction (D) | A | 6 | ||||
75–79 | Distinction (D) | Distinction (D) | B | Second Class Honours Div A (H2A) | ||||
70–74 | Credit (C) | Credit (C) | B | 5 | Second Class Honours Div B (H2B) | |||
65–69 | Credit (C) | Credit (C) | C | Third Class Honours (H3) | ||||
60–64 | Pass (P) | Pass 1 (P1) | C | 4 | Pass (P) | |||
55–59 | Pass (P) | Pass (P) | D | |||||
50–54 | Pass 2 (P2) | |||||||
40–49 | Fail (N) | Fail 1 (F1) | Fail (F, FNP, FNS, FNC or FLW) | 1, 2, 3 | Fail (N) | Marginal Fail (MF) | Fail (N) | Fail (N) |
< 40 | Fail 2 (F2) | Fail (F) |
Note that the numbers above do not correspond to a percentile, but are notionally a percentage of the maximum raw marks available. Various tertiary institutions in Australia have policies on the allocations for each grade and scaling may occur to meet these policies. These policies may vary also according to the degree year (higher percentages for later years), but generally, only 2–5% of students who pass (that is, who achieve raw marks of 50 or more) may be awarded a High Distinction grade, and 50% or more of passing students are awarded a basic Pass grade. Raw marks for students who fail are not scaled and do not increase the allocations of higher grades. Some universities also have a Pass Conceded (PC) grade for marks that fall in the range of 45–49 inclusive.
A few universities do not issue numeric grades out of 100 for individual subjects, instead relying on qualitative descriptors. Griffith University and The University of Queensland issue results of High Distinction, Distinction, Credit, Pass, and Fail. [43] [44]
Grade point averages are not generally used in Australia below a tertiary level. At universities, they are calculated according to a more complicated formula than in some other nations:
where grade points are as follows:
Grade | UniSA [45] | WSU JCU QUT [46] UQ [47] Griffith [48] | USQ [49] FedUni [50] | CSU [51] VU [52] | Macquarie [53] | Adelaide [54] | CQU Flinders [55] | UTS [62] | Monash [63] | SUT [64] | Bond [65] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High Distinction | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Distinction | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Credit | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Pass | 4.5 (P1) / 4 (P2) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Conceded Pass / Near Pass / Fail Level 1/Marginal Fail | 3.5 (Supp.) / 3 (Conc.) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | n/a | n/a | 0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0 |
Fail | 1.5 (F1 / F) / 1 (F2) | 2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
Withdrawn Fail/Late Withdrawal | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A conceded pass is a pass for a course that has been awarded only after supplementary assessment has been undertaken by the student.
Where a course result is a Non-Graded Pass, the result will only be included if the GPA is less than 4, and will be assigned the grade point of 4, otherwise NGP results will be disregarded. The term course unit values is used to distinguish between courses which have different weightings, for example between a full year course and a single semester course.
Some other universities, such as the University of Melbourne, University of New South Wales, University of Sydney, and University of Wollongong [68] use a Weighted Average Mark (WAM) for the same purpose as a GPA. The WAM is based on the raw percentage grades, or marks, achieved by the student, rather than grade points such as High Distinction or Distinction.
The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times. For much of its history, it was called the Scholastic Aptitude Test and had two components, Verbal and Mathematical, each of which was scored on a range from 200 to 800. Later it was called the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT I: Reasoning Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, then simply the SAT.
Postgraduate education, graduate education, or graduate school consists of academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree.
Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements for varying levels of achievements in a course. Grades can be assigned as letters, as a range, as a percentage, or as a number out of a possible total.
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure used for undergraduate degrees or bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied, sometimes with significant variation, in other countries and regions.
Latin honors are a system of Latin phrases used in some colleges and universities to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree has been earned. The system is primarily used in the United States. It is also used in some Southeastern Asian countries with European colonial history, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, and African countries such as Zambia and South Africa, although sometimes translations of these phrases are used instead of the Latin originals. The honors distinction should not be confused with the honors degrees offered in some countries, or with honorary degrees.
A course credit is a measure of the size of an educational course, often used to determine whether the requirements for an award have been met, to facilitate transfer between institutions, or to enhance intercomparability of qualifications. Credit may be input-based – defined by the quantity of instruction given – or outcome-based – defined by the learning outcomes and a notional time to achieve those outcomes.
The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) specifies the standards for educational qualifications in Australia. It is administered nationally by the Australian Government's Department of Industry, with oversight from the States and Territories, through the Standing Council of Tertiary Education Skills and Employment. While the AQF specifies the standards, education and training organisations are authorised by accrediting authorities to issue a qualification.
A dean's list is an academic award, or distinction, used to recognize the highest level scholarship demonstrated by students in a college or university. This system is most often used in North America, though institutions in Europe, Asia, and Australia may also employ similar measures. It is often synonymous with honor roll and honor list, but should not be confused with honours degrees.
Hornstine v. Moorestown, 263 F. Supp. 2d 887, was a 2003 case in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey that considered whether grades received by a student with a disability for classes where accommodations had been made under an Individualized Education Program could be discounted in awarding valedictorian honors. Blair Hornstine, then in her final year at Moorestown High School, sued the Moorestown Township Public Schools Board of Education to stop them "from retroactively applying to her a proposed policy amendment that would allow the designation of multiple valedictorians". Under the then existing school policy, Hornstine would have been the sole recipient of the honor.
Grade inflation is the general awarding of higher grades for the same quality of work over time, which devalues grades. However, higher average grades in themselves do not prove grade inflation. For this to be grade inflation, it is necessary to demonstrate that the quality of work does not deserve the high grade.
Germany uses a 5- or 6-point grading scale (GPA) to evaluate academic performance for the youngest to the oldest students. Grades vary from 1 to 5. In the final classes of German Gymnasium schools that prepare for university studies, a point system is used with 15 points being the best grade and 0 points the worst. The percentage causing the grade can vary from teacher to teacher.
Academic work in Hong Kong is graded as follows:
Academic grading in India is based on a percentage system and they are called GPA or CGPA.
Singapore's grading system in schools is differentiated by the existence of many types of institutions with different education foci and systems. The grading systems that are used at Primary, Secondary, and Junior College levels are the most fundamental to the local education system,
In the Philippines, some universities follow a 4-Point Scale, which resembles or is equivalent to the U.S. grading system. This system uses a grade between 0.00 to 4.00 wherein 4.00 is the highest and 0.00 being a failing mark.
The A-level is a main school leaving qualification of the General Certificate of Education in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It is available as an alternative qualification in other countries, where it is similarly known as an A-Level.
In the United States, academic grading commonly takes on the form of five, six or seven letter grades. Traditionally, the grades are A+, A, A−, B+, B, B−, C+, C, C−, D+, D, D− and F, with A+ being the highest and F being lowest. In some cases, grades can also be numerical. Numeric-to-letter-grade conversions generally vary from system to system and between disciplines and status.
The Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) for all domestic students, or the ATAR-based Combined Rank (CR) for all International Baccalaureate (IB) students, are the primary criteria for determining the Selection Rank (SR) for admission into undergraduate courses in Australian public universities. Domestic Students are students who are Australian or New Zealand citizens, or Australian permanent residents, or the holder of long-term refugee visa. ATAR & CR are not applicable for international students as they must apply directly to each university separately and their SR is calculated by the university. The ATAR is calculated by each state or territory's own state-level Tertiary Admission Center (TAC) for all domestic students studying within their geographical limits. Interstate Domestic Students must apply to the TAC of their respective state. The Selection Rank is calculated by each University separately based on the ATAR or CR as well as additional points for each university's unique criteria such as a student's educational disadvantage or subject performance. ATAR is not a mark, but rather a percentile ranking between 0.00 and 99.95 which shows the student’s relative position compared to all other students in the range of 16 to 20 years old who would have completed their respective year 12 exams in that state in a year.
This is a list of grading systems used by countries of the world, primarily within the fields of secondary education and university education, organized by continent with links to specifics in numerous entries.