Aesculus parviflora

Last updated

Bottlebrush buckeye
Aesculus parviflora blooming.jpg
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Aesculus
Species:
A. parviflora
Binomial name
Aesculus parviflora
Walt. 1788
Aesculus parviflora range map 1.png
Generalized natural range
Synonyms
Synonymy
  • Aesculus alba(Poir.) Raf.
  • Aesculus macrostachyaMichx.
  • Aesculus macrostachysPers.
  • Aesculus odorataF.Dietr.
  • Aesculus parviflora f. serotinaRehder
  • Macrothyrsus discolorSpach
  • Macrothyrsus odorataRaf.
  • Nebropsis alba(Poir.) Raf.
  • Pavia albaPoir.
  • Pavia edulisPoit.
  • Pavia macrostachysLoisel.
  • Pavia parvifloraRaf.
  • Pawia parvifloraKuntze

Aesculus parviflora, the bottlebrush buckeye [3] or small-flowered buckeye, [2] is a species of suckering deciduous shrub in the family Sapindaceae. The species is native to the southeastern United States, where it is found primarily in Alabama and Georgia, with a disjunct population in South Carolina along the Savannah River. [4] [5] Its natural habitat is in mesic forests, on bluffs and in ravines. [4]

Contents

This plant is highly poisonous to humans if eaten. Symptoms include muscle weakness, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, and death. [6] It has also been reported to be toxic to pets. [7]

Description

Aesculus parviflora grows to 2–4 m tall. [8] The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, palmately compound with 5-7 leaflets, each leaflet short-stalked, 12–22 cm long and 5–10 cm broad, with an entire margin. The flowers are produced in conspicuous erect panicles 20–50 cm long resembling a traditional bottle brush, each flower with a tubular calyx, small white petals, and several protruding 3–4 cm long stamens. The flowers give way to pear-shaped capsules containing polished, brown seeds. [6]

The Latin specific epithet parviflora means "small-flowered". [9]

Cultivation and uses

Aesculus parviflora is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, where its August flowering attracts butterflies. It prefers moist, well-drained soils in part shade to full shade. In the US, it is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 4–8. [8]

The naturalist, explorer and plant collector William Bartram first noted this undescribed shrub on his travels through Carolina, Georgia and Florida in 1773–78. [10] An old example was still to be found in Bartram's Garden, Philadelphia, in 1930. [11]

Aesculus parviflora was introduced to British horticulture through the activities of John Fraser, who made his first botanizing trip through the American South in 1785. Fraser's finds were distributed among English nurserymen like Lee and Kennedy or Loddiges or to private patrons, and the shrub was "to be met with in most of our nurseries" by 1820. [12] This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Aesculus pavia</i> Species of tree

Aesculus pavia, known as red buckeye or firecracker plant, is a species of deciduous flowering plant. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the United States, found from Illinois to Virginia in the north and from Texas to Florida in the south. It is hardy far to the north of its native range, with successful cultivation poleward to Arboretum Mustila in Finland.

<i>Aesculus</i> Flowering genus in family Sapindaceae

The genus Aesculus, with species called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia. Several hybrids occur. Aesculus exhibits a classical Arcto-Tertiary distribution.

<i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i> Species of tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae

Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. It is also called horse-chestnut, European horsechestnut, buckeye, and conker tree. It is not to be confused with the Spanish chestnut, Castanea sativa, which is a tree in another family, Fagaceae.

<i>Aesculus glabra</i> Species of tree

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<i>Hydrangea quercifolia</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea quercifolia, commonly known as oakleaf hydrangea or oak-leaved hydrangea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, in woodland habitats from North Carolina west to Tennessee, and south to Florida and Louisiana. A deciduous shrub with white showy flower heads, it is grown as a garden plant, with numerous cultivars available commercially.

<i>Aesculus flava</i> Species of tree

Aesculus flava, also known commonly as the common buckeye, the sweet buckeye, and the yellow buckeye, is a species of deciduous tree in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae of the family Sapindaceae. The species is native to the Ohio Valley and Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States. It grows in mesophytic forest or floodplains, generally in acid to circumneutral soil, reaching a height of 20m to 48m.

<i>Aesculus californica</i> Species of plant

Aesculus californica, commonly known as the California buckeye or California horse-chestnut, is a species of buckeye native to California and southwestern Oregon.

<i>Uvularia grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvularia grandiflora, the large-flowered bellwort or merrybells, is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae, native to eastern and central North America.

<i>Tecomaria capensis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Plumbago auriculata</i> Species of carnivorous plant

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<i>Lathyrus vernus</i> Species of legume

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<i>Trillium albidum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium albidum is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. It is the only trillium characterized by a stalkless white flower. The species is endemic to the western United States, ranging from central California through Oregon to southwestern Washington. In the San Francisco Bay Area, it is often confused with a white-flowered form of Trillium chloropetalum. In northern Oregon and southwestern Washington, it has a smaller, less conspicuous flower.

<i>Agrimonia parviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Agrimonia parviflora is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant. Small-flowered agrimony, harvestlice agrimony, swamp agrimony, and harvestlice are its most common names in the United States.

<i>Aesculus sylvatica</i> Species of plant

Aesculus sylvatica, the painted buckeye, is a species of shrub. The species has five leaflets that are 4.5 to 6 inches long and 1.5 to 2.5 inches wide. The flowers are yellow and occasionally have red also. The species have dry fruit and brown, scaly bark. The species is commonly found in forests and along stream banks. The shrub is poisonous, as are its seeds.

<i>Ilex cornuta</i> Species of holly

Ilex cornuta, commonly known as Chinese holly or horned holly, is a slow-growing, densely foliaged evergreen shrub in the Aquifoliaceae plant family. It is native to eastern China and Korea and attains a height of about 3 metres (9.8 ft). The leaves are usually 5-spined, between 3.5 cm and 10 cm long, oblong and entire. The fruits are red berries, which are larger than those of the European Holly.

<i>Agave parviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Agave parviflora is a species of succulent perennial flowering plant in the asparagus family, known by the common names Santa Cruz striped agave, smallflower century plant, and small-flower agave. It is native to Arizona in the United States and Sonora in Mexico.

<i>Rhododendron arborescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Rhododendron arborescens, also known as smooth azalea or sweet azalea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to the eastern seaboard of the United States.

<i>Halesia carolina</i> Species of flowering plant

Halesia carolina, commonly called Carolina silverbells or little silverbells, is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae, native to the southeastern United States.

<i>Leucothoe fontanesiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Leucothoe fontanesiana, also known as the highland doghobble, fetter-bush, mountain doghobble or switch ivy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to the southeastern United States. It is an erect evergreen shrub growing to 1–2 m (3–7 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) broad, with laurel-like glossy leaves 6–16 cm (2–6 in) long, and pendent axillary racemes of urn-shaped flowers in spring.

References

  1. IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020). "Aesculus parviflora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T152911083A152911085. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152911083A152911085.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 NatureServe (4 August 2023). "Aesculus parviflora". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Aesculus parviflora". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  4. 1 2 Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  5. "Aesculus parviflora". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  6. 1 2 "Aesculus parviflora (Bottlebrush Buckeye) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  7. "Flowering Plants Non Poisonous to Pets". Home Guides | SF Gate. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  8. 1 2 "Aesculus parviflora - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  9. Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN   9781845337315.
  10. Noted by Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Aesculus"; Bartram's botanizing explorations were recorded in his Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, etc., 1791.
  11. Coats 1992.
  12. Quoted in Coats 1992.
  13. "Aesculus parviflora". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 10 March 2020.