African yellow warbler

Last updated

African yellow warbler
African Yellow Warbler - South Africa S4E7584 (17123176947).jpg
In South Africa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Acrocephalidae
Genus: Iduna
Species:
I. natalensis
Binomial name
Iduna natalensis
(A. Smith, 1847) [2]
Iduna natalensis distribution map.png
Resident range
Synonyms

Chloropeta natalensis

The African yellow warbler (Iduna natalensis), also known as Natal yellow warbler, dark-capped yellow warbler or yellow flycatcher-warbler, is a species of Acrocephalidae warblers; formerly, these were placed in the paraphyletic "Old World warblers".

Contents

Description

The African yellow warbler is a medium-sized warbler in which the whole of the upperparts and tail are yellowish-brown, with a slightly browner crown and yellower rump. The wings have brown feathers edged with yellow. The underparts are bright yellow with an olive wash on the sides of the breast, flanks and lower belly. The bill is pale on the upper mandible and blackish on the lower, and the legs are blackish. Females have duller underparts, and the juveniles are similar to the males but are buffier. [3] The total length is 13 cm (5.1 in) and the birds weigh between 10 and 15 g (0.35 and 0.53 oz). [4]

Voice

The song of the African yellow warbler is a rapid series of throaty and varied notes preceded by a few raspy notes, for example, "chip-chip-chip- whee-lee-wheeo". The alarm call is a sharp "tsk" or "chirr". [3] [5]

Habitat

The African yellow warbler is a bird of rank vegetation and occurs in reeds, overgrown waterside vegetation and forest edges, especially where these are integrated with wetter vegetation. [3] [6]

Habits

The African yellow warbler forages low in the vegetation, either singly or in pairs. It can be rather secretive but it will climb up to an exposed perch to sing but will dive into cover and creep away in a mouse-like fashion if disturbed. [3] It gleans much of its prey such as caterpillars from leaves and branches but it also hawks termite alates, sallying into the air from a perch to which it returns to feed on any prey caught. [6]

The nest is a neat cup made of grass, typically situated in the fork of branches within a bush or between upright stems. In southern Africa typical species nested in include Leonotis , Conyza and Epilobium . The 2 or 3 eggs are laid from September to March in southern Africa. The clutch is incubated for around 12 days, the female being responsible for most of the incubation. After hatching the chicks are fed by both parents, although the female feeds them much more than the male; the chicks fledge at around two weeks old and become independent at about 6 weeks old. [6]

Taxonomy, subspecies and distribution

This species was originally placed in the genus Chloropeta alongside the mountain yellow warbler but molecular studies have shown that it is closely related to the clade of palearctic bush warblers that were formerly in the genus Hippolais and also the previously incertae sedis thick-billed warbler. [7]

Subspecies and their distribution

There are currently four recognised subspecies [2] and they and their distribution are set out below: [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tree warbler</span> Group of birds

Tree warblers are medium-sized warblers in the marsh- and tree-warbler family Acrocephalidae. They are found in Europe, Africa and western Asia. Until recently, they were all classified in the single genus Hippolais.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pallas's leaf warbler</span> A small migratory passerine bird that breeds in northern Asia

Pallas's leaf warbler or Pallas's warbler, is a bird that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China. It is named after the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas, who first formally described it. This leaf warbler is strongly migratory, wintering mainly in south China and adjacent areas of southeast Asia, although in recent decades increasing numbers have been found in Europe in autumn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sedge warbler</span> Species of bird

The sedge warbler is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It is a medium-sized warbler with a brown, streaked back and wings and a distinct pale supercilium. Sedge warblers are migratory, crossing the Sahara to get from their European and Asian breeding grounds to spend winter in Africa. The male's song is composed of random chattering phrases and can include mimicry of other species. The sedge warbler is mostly insectivorous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western olivaceous warbler</span> Species of bird

The western olivaceous warbler, also known as isabelline warbler, is a "warbler", formerly placed in the Old World warblers when these were a paraphyletic wastebin taxon. It is now considered a member of the acrocephaline warblers, Acrocephalidae, in the tree warbler genus Iduna. It was formerly regarded as part of a wider "olivaceous warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, this species is now usually considered distinct from the eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern olivaceous warbler</span> Species of bird

The eastern olivaceous warbler, known simply as the olivaceous warbler when its western relative is referred to as the 'Isabelline warbler', is a small passerine bird with drab plumage tones, that is native to the Old World. For the most part it breeds in southeastern Europe, the Middle East and adjacent western Asia, and winters in the northern Afrotropics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-crowned warbler</span> Species of bird

The orange-crowned warbler is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African pygmy kingfisher</span> Species of bird

The African pygmy kingfisher is a small insectivorous kingfisher found in the Afrotropics, mostly in woodland habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern tchagra</span> Species of bird

The southern tchagra is a passerine bird found in dense scrub and coastal bush in southern and south-eastern South Africa and Eswatini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesser swamp warbler</span> Species of bird

The lesser swamp warbler or Cape reed warbler is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It is a resident breeder in Africa from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Chad and Ethiopia south to South Africa. This is a common species of reedbeds in standing water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acrocephalidae</span> Family of birds

The Acrocephalidae are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chloropeta</span> Genus of birds

Chloropeta was a genus of Acrocephalidae warblers; formerly, they were placed in the paraphyletic "Old World warblers". Now the papyrus yellow warbler is placed in its monotypic genus Calamonastides, with the others placed in the genus Iduna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain yellow warbler</span> Species of bird

The Mountain Yellow Warbler (Iduna Similis) is a medium sized bird with a mix of olive and yellow coloration. This bird is mostly found throughout the forests of Africa. We see this bird normally feeding on flies but sometimes on remaining crops from harvests. An easy way to recognize this bird is with its whistle-tone vocalizations. The Mountain Yellow Warbler is found on the Least Concern list for their conservation status. This bird is a species of Acrocephalidae warbler; formerly, these were placed in the paraphyletic "Old World warblers".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-capped crombec</span> Species of bird

The red-capped crombec is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bates's nightjar</span> Species of bird

Bates's nightjar or the forest nightjar, is a bird species of the family Caprimulgidae, native to the Congolian rainforests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African hobby</span> Species of bird

The African hobby is a small species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinspot batis</span> Species of bird

The chinspot batis is a small songbird of the genus Batis in the family Platysteiridae which is a common and widespread species in the woodlands of southern Africa from the Eastern Cape north to 3°N in southern Kenya and Gabon. It forms a superspecies with other rather similar members of the genus Batis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-capped warbler</span> Species of bird

The grey-capped warbler is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is monotypic in the genus Eminia. The grey-capped warbler is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is a large, chunky, thin-tailed-warbler with a distinctive grey cap, a black band around its head, and a chestnut throat wrapping its neck. Grey-capped warblers maintain a diet of insects and other invertebrates, including caterpillars, moths, grasshoppers, and mantids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crested doradito</span> Species of bird

The crested doradito is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela, possibly in French Guiana, and as a vagrant to Trinidad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African broadbill</span> Species of bird

The African broadbill, also known as the black-capped broadbill or Delacour's broadbill, is a species of bird in the sub-oscine family Calyptomenidae.

<i>Iduna</i> (bird) Genus of birds

Iduna is a genus of tree warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. Keyserling and Blasius gave no explanation of the genus name Iduna. It is sometimes lumped in the genus Hippolais, although in 2009 it was found to belong to the Iduna clade.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Iduna natalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22714920A94432254. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714920A94432254.en . Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Iduna natalensis (A. Smith, 1847)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Borrow, Nik; Demey, Ron (2001). Birds of Western Africa. A & C Black. pp. 624–625. ISBN   0-7136-3959-8.
  4. 1 2 "African Yellow Warbler (Chloropeta natalensis)". HBW Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  5. "African Yellow Warbler · Iduna natalensis · (Smith, A, 1847)". xeno-canto. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "Chloropeta natalensis (Dark-capped yellow warbler, African yellow warbler)". Biodiversity Explorer. Iziko Museums of South Africa. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  7. Silke Fregin; Martin Haase; Urban Olsson; Per Alström (2009). "Multi-locus phylogeny of the family Acrocephalidae (Aves: Passeriformes) – The traditional taxonomy overthrown". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 866–878. Bibcode:2009MolPE..52..866F. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.006. PMID   19393746.