[[Zafar Hilaly]] (nephew)"},"residence":{"wt":""},"alma_mater":{"wt":"[[Indian Institute of Science]]"},"occupation":{"wt":"[[politician|Statesman]]"},"profession":{"wt":"Physicist,mathematician,teacher"},"cabinet":{"wt":"[[:Category:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia military government]] Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was a Pakistani military officer who served as the 6th president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988. He rose to prominence after leading a coup on 5 July 1977, which overthrew the democratically elected government of prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Zia subsequently imposed martial law, suspended the constitution, and served as chief martial law administrator before assuming the presidency. Zia served as the 2nd chief of the Army Staff from 1976 to 1988, a position he later leveraged to execute a coup in 1977, which was the second coup in Pakistan's history of coups; the first occurred in 1958 under Ayub Khan. Ghulam Ishaq Khan, commonly known by his initials GIK, was a Pakistani bureaucrat, politician and statesman who served as the seventh president of Pakistan from 1988 to 1993. He previously served as Chairman of the Senate from 1985 to 1988 under president Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, and was sworn in shortly after Zia's death. Mahbub ul-Haq was a Pakistani economist, international development theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Finance from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, and again from June to December 1988 as a caretaker. Regarded as one of the greatest economists of his time, Haq devised the Human Development Index, widely used to gauge the development of nations. Lieutenant General Sahabzada Mohammad Yaqub Ali KhanSPk was a Pakistani politician, diplomat, military figure, linguist, and a retired general in the Pakistani Army. Mohammad Khan Junejo was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988 under president Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. During his tenure as prime minister he sought to strengthen the power of the office and assert civilian control over state affairs, foreign affairs and military appointments, coming into conflict with Zia-ul-Haq and various senior military officers eventually culminating in his dismissal by Zia. His inquiries into the Ojhri Camp Disaster, appointment of Aslam Beg as VCOAS, various Corps Commanders, growing control over senior military promotions, forays into international politics, rejecting Zia appointments in his cabinet, stance against martial law, austerity policies and purported spying on Zia through the civilianized Intelligence Bureau all contributed to the souring in their relation. Aziz Ahmed OBE HPk was a career Pakistani statesman and a diplomat during the Cold War, serving in the capacity as 13th Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1973 until 1977. Prior to that, Ahmad served as the Pakistan Ambassador to the United States (1959–63) and eventually appointed Foreign secretary (1960–67) by President Ayub Khan. Admiral Fasih BokhariNI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt PGAT was a Pakistani admiral who served as the Chief of Naval Staff from 1997 to 1999. He was a well-known pacifist and a prominent political figure as the Chief of Naval Staff from 1997 until his voluntary resignation in 1999, which stemmed from his staunch opposition to the then-Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf's instigation of the Kargil War with India, a conflict that Bokhari reportedly saw as an act of inappropriate and uncoordinated aggression from Pakistan and one that subsequently led him into a bitter dispute with Musharraf. Bokhari also served as the chairman of the National Accountability Bureau, a Pakistani anti-corruption agency. Aftab Ghulam Nabi KaziSPk, SK, also known as AGN Kazi, was a Pakistani civil servant and a bureaucrat during the Cold War and during the post cold war. Kazi was born in Sindh, Bombay Presidency, in 1919 to an academic family. He started his career in the Indian Civil Service in 1944 and served as the Deputy Commissioner of Bihar and Orissa. After the partition of India, Kazi migrated to Pakistan and joined the Provincial Government of Sindh, and held positions such as Secretary of Finance and Secretary to the Governor. Air Chief Marshal Zulfiqar Ali KhanNI(M), was the first four-star air officer in the Pakistan Air Force and later a diplomat. He was the Air Force's Chief of Air Staff from 15 April 1974 to 22 July 1978. Upon retirement, he served on a diplomatic assignment, and headed the diplomatic mission to the United States as Pakistan's ambassador from 1989 to 1990. Inam-ul-Haq is a Pakistani career diplomat who served as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in the caretaker government of Muhammad Mian Soomro for four months from November 2007 till March 2008. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan, died in an aircraft crash on 17 August 1988 in Bahawalpur near the Sutlej River. Zia's close assistant Akhtar Abdur Rehman, American diplomat Arnold Lewis Raphel and 27 others also died upon impact. General Muhammad ShariffNI(M) SPk SI(M) was a senior Pakistan Army general who was the first Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, serving in this post from 1976 until tendering his resignation in 1977 over the disagreement with the military takeover of the civilian government by the Pakistani military. Raja Muhammad Zafar-ul-Haq, is a Pakistani politician and lawyer, who served as senator from the Punjab, being elected on 12 March 2009. He had been the leader of the opposition in Senate from 2018 to 2021. He is serving as the Chairman of the Pakistan Muslim League (N), a centre-right party, since 20 February 2000. Admiral Mohammad ShariffNI(M) HJ HI(M) LoM, was a Pakistani senior admiral who served as the 2nd Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and a memoirist who was at the center of all the major decisions made in Pakistan in the events involving the war with India in 1971, the enforcement of martial law in the country in 1977, and the decision in covertly intervening against Soviet Union in Afghanistan. Lieutenant General Zahid Ali AkbarHI(M), SBt, PE, is a former engineering officer in the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, known for his role in Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear weapons, and directing the Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL), a top secret research facility developing the clandestine atom bomb project. Zafar Ali Hilaly is a Pakistani political analyst and diplomat who has previously served as his country's ambassador to Yemen, Nigeria, and from February 2001 Italy. He was educated at Highgate School. The family of head of state and government in Pakistan is an unofficial title for the family of the head of state or head of government of a country. In Pakistan, the term First Family usually refers to the head of state or head of government, and their immediate family which comprises their spouse and their descendants. In the wider context, the First Family may comprise the head of state or head of government's parents, siblings and extended relatives. During the 1980s Iran–Iraq War, the foreign policy of Pakistan played a complex role in the war. Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi was the patron-in-chief of the supreme Shia ullama board and president of Tehrik-e-Nafaz-e-Fiqah-e-Jafaria, the Shiite-law implementation movement. His family is descended from Imam Musa al Kadhim, the seventh imam of Twelver Shias. Moosavi became president of Tehrik-e-Nafaz-e-Fiqah-e-Jafaria of Pakistan after the death of Mufti Jafar Hussain.
[[:Category:Government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Government]]"},"committees":{"wt":""},"portfolio":{"wt":""},"signature":{"wt":""},"signature_alt":{"wt":""},"website":{"wt":""},"footnotes":{"wt":""},"blank1":{"wt":"National Awards"},"data1":{"wt":"[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz,2nd Class]]
(Order of Excellence)"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwCQ">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}} "Agha Shahid's India visit". Indian Express . 15 July 1980.Related Research Articles
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Agha Shahi | |
---|---|
آغا شا ﮨی | |
13th Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 14 January 1978 –9 March 1982 | |
President | General Zia-ul-Haq |
Preceded by | Aziz Ahmed |
Succeeded by | Lt Gen Yaqob Ali Khan |
13th Secretary of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 6 July 1973 –6 July 1977 | |
President | Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry |
Prime Minister | Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto |
Preceded by | Mumtaz Ali Alvie |
Succeeded by | Sardar Shah Nawaz |
Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations | |
In office 25 March 1967 –20 January 1972 | |
President | Field Marshal Ayub Khan General Yahya Khan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto |
Vice President | Nurul Amin |
Vice PM | Nurul Amin |
Preceded by | Syed Amjad Ali |
Succeeded by | Iqbal Akhuond |
Personal details | |
Born | Agha Shahi 25 August 1920 Bangalore,Princely State of Mysore,British India |
Died | 6 September 2006 86) Islamabad,Pakistan | (aged
Citizenship | British Indian (1920–1947) Pakistan (1947–2006) |
Nationality | Pakistani |
Relatives | Agha Hilaly (brother) Zafar Hilaly (nephew) |
Alma mater | Indian Institute of Science |
Occupation | Statesman |
Profession | Physicist,mathematician,teacher |
Cabinet | Zia military government Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Government |
National Awards | Nishan-e-Imtiaz,2nd Class (Order of Excellence) |
Agha Shahi (Urdu :آغاشاﮨی;25 August 1920 –6 September 2006),NI,was a Pakistani career Foreign service officer who was the leading civilian figure in the military government of former President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1977 to 1982. A diplomat and technocrat by profession,he joined Foreign Services in 1951 and held important diplomatic assignments in the United States,China,and the United Nations. He served as the Foreign secretary—the leading bureaucratic position in Pakistan Government— in 1973 until 1977,after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government was dismissed (see Codename Fair Play). [1]
However,he immediately served as the foreign policy adviser to upcoming Chief Martial Law Administrator General Zia-ul-Haq who appointed him as the Foreign Minister shortly after assuming the control of the country. In 1982,after losing General Zia's favour when he made an attempt to keep country on Non-Aligned Movement membership,he lost the foreign affairs ministry to senior military officer Lieutenant-General Yakob Ali Khan. His relationship with General Zia-ul-Haq and his military government further deteriorated,with General Zia complaining about Shahi's speech on improving Pakistan's relations with Soviet Union and the Non-Aligned Movement. He departed from country in 1982 to join the United Nations General Assembly and served as the Chairman of UN Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination until 1990,and served as the Chairman of the Pakistan delegation at World Conference on Human Rights. During his last years,he associated with the Institute of Strategic Studies (ISS),Islamabad where he served as its president until his death. [1]
Agha Shahi was born in Bangalore,India (then in Mysore state and now in Karnataka) to the local Urdu-speaking community,the son of an educator who was the principal of a government school. He was educated in Bangalore,excelling in his science courses. In 1939,Shahi enrolled in Indian Institute of Science where he joined the Department of Physics and received a BSc in physics,followed by an MSc in applied physics and an MA in mathematics in 1944.
Following his master's degrees,he joined the faculty of mathematics where he taught undergraduate calculus courses;his parents,however,did not favour their son pursuing a career in education. Encouraged by his parents,Shahi soon left his position and sat the examinations for the Indian Civil Service in 1943,becoming a member of its final batch. [2] In October 1944,he was posted to Sindh Province as an assistant collector, [2] and the family moved to Karachi,Sindh.
In 1947,he opted for Pakistan citizenship,and served as the constitutional adviser to Chief Ministers of Sindh Province Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah from 1947 till 1948,and to Ayub Khuhro from 1948 until 1949. In 1949,the Governor George Baxandall Constantine appointed him as the Commissioner of District Thatta. In 1967,Shahi gained a Master of Science in Strategic studies from Defence &Strategic Studies (DSS) Department. Shahi had a long career as a Pakistani diplomat,beginning in 1951. He served as Pakistan's ambassador to the United Nations,and China and also served in many other positions.
He opted for the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1951 and played a prominent role in formulation of foreign policy right from the early years of Pakistan's creation. He was part of various delegations to the United Nations during the 1950s and 1960s and served with A.S. Bokhari (known as Patras Bokhari),Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan and Prince Aly Khan (father of Prince Karim Aga Khan and Pakistan's permanent representative to UN).
Shahi served as Counselor in the Pakistan Embassy in Washington from 1955 to 1958. He was Pakistan's Deputy Permanent Representative to UN from 1958 to 1961 and later served as Permanent Representative to United Nations from 1967 to 1972. During his term as permanent representative to United Nations,he played an important role in enabling China to become a member of the United Nations. He became Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1964 and served in that position till 1967.
In 1972,he was appointed Pakistan's Ambassador to China. In 1973,Shahi became Foreign Secretary and served in that position till the fall of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1977. Shahi was appointed Advisor on foreign affairs/foreign minister in 1977 by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and resigned from the position of foreign minister in 1982,after developing serious differences with General Zia. [1]
Shahi led various delegations of Pakistan to UN General Assembly,conferences of Non-Aligned Movement and Organization of Islamic Conference. [1] He was a member of various UN commissions and was also elected Chairman of the UN Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) of which he had been a member since 1982. In 1993,Shahi was co-chairman of the Pakistan delegation to the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna. Shahi also served as Chairman of Institute of Strategic Studies in Islamabad and headed Islamabad Council of World Affairs –a private think tank.
He was the younger brother of Agha Hilaly who also joined ICS and later opted for Pakistan's foreign service,serving as Pakistan's Ambassador in important capitals such as London,Moscow and Washington (at a time when his younger brother Shahi was Pakistan's permanent representative to UN in New York). Agha Hilaly's son,Zafar Hilaly (who is also a former diplomat),is Agha Shahi's nephew. [3]
On 6 September 2006,he died after suffering a heart attack,at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Islamabad,aged 86. [1]
Pakistan's foreign minister in 2006,Khurshid Mahmood Kasuri,reportedly commented on Agha Shahi's death,"Agha Shahi served in various key positions in the Foreign Ministry with great distinction rising to the position of foreign secretary and foreign minister. A generation of Pakistani diplomats had the fortune to learn from him." [4]