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The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of around 210 African languages spoken by somewhere around 70 million speakers, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet. The languages extend through 17 nations in the northern half of Africa: from Algeria to Benin in the west; from Libya to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the centre; and from Egypt to Tanzania in the east.
Sudanese Arabic, also referred to as the Sudanese dialect, Colloquial Sudanese or locally as Common Sudanese refers to the various related varieties of Arabic spoken in Sudan as well as parts of Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Chad. Sudanese Arabic has also influenced a number of Arabic-based pidgins and creoles, including Juba Arabic, widely used in South Sudan, as well as Ki-Nubi, spoken by the Nubi communities of Kenya and Uganda.
Western Bahr el Ghazal is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 93,900 km2 (36,255 sq mi) and is the least populous state in South Sudan, according to the controversial Sudanese census conducted in 2008. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shared international borders with Sudan to the north and the Central African Republic to the west. The portion now occupied by Raga County is the southern part of the historical region known as "Dar Fertit".
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Central Sudanic languages are spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Cameroon. They include the pygmy languages Efé and Asoa.
Kresh is the name of an ethnic minority in South Sudan, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. The Kresh speak various Kresh languages of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.
The Morokodo are an ethnic group numbering over 40,000 people living in the South Sudanese state of Western Equatoria. They speak Morokodo language, a Central Sudanic language
The Bongo–Bagirmi or Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi (SBB) languages are the major branch of the Central Sudanic language family with about forty languages. Principal groups include Bagirmi languages such as Naba and the Sara languages. They are spoken across CAR, Chad, South Sudan, Sudan and adjacent countries.
The Kara languages are Tar Gula and possibly related Central Sudanic languages of the Central African Republic. The name Kara is used for numerous other peoples of the region, and so is often ambiguous.
Kresh, also known ambiguously as Gbaya, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan.
Jur Modo, also known as Jur or Modo, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Jur Modo people of South Sudan. Dialects are Lori, Modo, Wira, Wetu. It is a tonal language.
South Sudan is a multilingual country, with over 60 indigenous languages spoken. The official language of the country is English which was introduced in the region during the colonial era.
Furu is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Glottolog has it as one of the Kara languages, in line with recent literature, while Blench (2012) follows older lit in listing it as a Kresh language.
Kresh is a small language group of South Sudan. It is generally considered to be a branch of the Central Sudanic languages. Boyeldieu (2010) judges that this has yet to be demonstrated satisfactorily, but Starostin (2016) finds convincing evidence, and that its closest relative within that family appears to be Birri.
Baka is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan, with the majority living in an area centered on Maridi, South Sudan, but also a couple thousand speakers in the DRC. It has consonants with trilled release such as and.
Birri (Bviri) is a nearly extinct, possibly Central Sudanic language of the Central African Republic (CAR) and South Sudan. According to Boyeldieu (2010), its classification as Central Sudanic has yet to be demonstrated, but Starostin (2016) finds its closest relative to be Kresh.
Dongo is a Kresh language of South Sudan, distinct enough to not be a dialect of Kresh.
Sudan and South Sudan have multiple regional sign languages, which are not mutually intelligible. A survey of just three states found 150 sign languages, though this number included instances of home sign. Government figures estimate there are at least about 48,900 deaf people in Sudan. By 2009, the Sudanese National Union of the Deaf had worked out a Unified Sudanese Sign Language, but it had not yet been widely disseminated.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Sudan:
Raga County is a county in Western Bahr el Ghazal state, in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan. It is the largest county in the nation. In Arabic, Raga County can be known as "Raja".
Naomi Baki is a French and South Sudanese author and advocate for South Sudan. She is a native speaker of the Kresh language.
References
- ↑ Aja at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- 1 2 Santandrea, Stefano (1976). The Kresh group: Aja and Baka Languages (Sudan). Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
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