Mangbetu | |
---|---|
Nemangbetu | |
Region | Congo (DRC) |
Ethnicity | Mangbetu people |
Native speakers | (650,000 Mangbetu proper cited 1985) [1] Lombi: 12,000 (1993) [2] |
Nilo-Saharan?
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either: mdj – Mangbetu lmi – Lombi |
Glottolog | mang1394 Mangbetu lomb1254 Lombi |
Mangbetu, or Nemangbetu, is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages. It is spoken by the Mangbetu people of northeastern Congo. It, or its speakers, are also known as Amangbetu, Kingbetu, Mambetto. The most populous dialect, and the one most widely understood, is called Medje. Others are Aberu (Nabulu), Makere, Malele, Popoi (Mapopoi). The most divergent is Lombi; Ethnologue treats it as a distinct language. About half of the population speaks Bangala, a trade language similar to Lingala, and in southern areas some speak Swahili.
The Mangbetu live in association with the Asua Pygmies, and their languages are closely related.
Mangbetu dialects and locations as listed by Demolin (1992): [3]
This article or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{ lang }}, {{ transliteration }} for transliterated languages, and {{ IPA }} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used.(June 2022) |
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ATR | -ATR | +ATR | -ATR | +ATR | -ATR | |
Close | i | ɪ | u | ʊ | ||
Mid | e | ɛ | o | ɔ | ||
Open | a | a |
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Postalv./ Palatal | Velar | Labial- velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | ʈʳ | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p | ʔ |
voiced | b | d | ɖʳ | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | ||
prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶯɖʳ | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡ͡b | |||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | ||||
voiced | v | z | ||||||
prenasalized | ᶬv | ⁿz | ||||||
Trill | voiceless | ʙ̥ | ||||||
voiced | ʙ | |||||||
prenasalized | ᵐʙ | |||||||
Tap | ⱱ | |||||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Retroflex consonants are slightly trilled as [ʈʳ], [ɖʳ], [ᶯɖʳ]. [5]
One unusual feature of Mangbetu is that it has both a voiced and a voiceless bilabial trill as well as a labial flap. [6] [7]
The labial trills are not particularly associated with back vowels or prenasalization, pace their development in some American languages. [8]
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator. Standard Spanish ⟨rr⟩ as in perro, for example, is an alveolar trill.
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator is thrown against another.
Labial–velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips, such as. They are sometimes called "labiovelar consonants", a term that can also refer to labialized velars, such as the stop consonant and the approximant.
Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation of the same manner. They are a subset of co-articulated consonants. They are to be distinguished from co-articulated consonants with secondary articulation; that is, a second articulation not of the same manner. An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the voiceless labial–velar plosive, which is a and a pronounced simultaneously. On the other hand, the voiceless labialized velar plosive has only a single stop articulation, velar, with a simultaneous approximant-like rounding of the lips. In some dialects of Arabic, the voiceless velar fricative has a simultaneous uvular trill, but this is not considered double articulation either.
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Asoa, also known as Asua, Asuae, Asuati, or Aka, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies known as the Asua. It is closely related to the Mangbetu language, and the Asua live in association with the Mangbetu people, among others. It is the only distinctive Pygmy language in the east.
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The pronunciation of the phoneme in the English language has many variations in different dialects.
The voiceless bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʙ̥⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol is B\_0
Nangazizi is a settlement in the province of Haut-Uélé in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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